Analysis of the morphology and properties of PAN/Bi2O3 composite nanomaterials produced by electrospraying method (original) (raw)
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Scientific Reports, 2022
The aim of this study was to produce Bi2O3 nanowires using a combination of sol–gel process and electrospinning methods and a solution based on a 13% solution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 1.5 g of bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O). The obtained fibrous composite mats were dried at room temperature for 24 h followed by the calcination process in air at two different temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C. Analysis of the morphology of the fabricated Bi2O3 nanomaterials based on TEM images showed that the obtained ceramic structures could be classified as one-dimensional Bi2O3 nanostructures, with the sizes of the presented structures being 260 nm, 125 nm and 200 nm for diameter, and 5.5μm , 2 μm and 2.125 μm for length, respectively. Moreover, further analysis of the morphology of the obtained Bi2O3 nanostructures with the use of SEM showed that their diameters ranged from 150 to 500 nm when a calcination temperature of 400 °C was e...
Comparison of optical properties of PAN/TiO2, PAN/Bi2O3, and PAN/SbSI nanofibers
Optical Materials, 2018
The aim of the study was to prepare PAN nanofibers reinforced by TiO 2 /Bi 2 O3 nanoparticles and SbSI nanowires as well as to investigate their morphology and optical properties. The polymer and composite nanofibers were obtained using the electrospinning method from PAN/DMF solutions doped by nanofillers. The investigations of the influence of process parameters on the morphology of the obtained fibrous mats were carried out on the basis of their images of surface topography obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of semiconductor nanofillers on the surfaces and in the volume of PAN nanofibers was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Spectral investigations of diffusive reflectance and transmittance have been used to determine the absorption as well as the scattering coefficients of the PAN, PAN/TiO 2 , PAN/Bi 2 O 3 , and PAN/SbSI nanofibers. Mechanisms of absorption and energy gaps of the investigated materials have been determined.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3–doped with Lanthanum by Electrospinning Method more
Electrospinning process was utilized to fabricate lanthanum doped bismuth ultrafine nanofibers. PVA was used as precursor polymer solution with bismuth acetate/lanthanum acetate, followed by calcination at 800 o C. The produced nanofibers and calcined crystal structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results indicated that samples after calcination should be sintered more than one to obtain pure crystalline phase.
Synthesis and Characterization of Bi2O3–doped with Lanthanum by Electrospinning Method
Electrospinning process was utilized to fabricate lanthanum doped bismuth ultrafine nanofibers. PVA was used as precursor polymer solution with bismuth acetate/lanthanum acetate, followed by calcination at 800oC. The produced nanofibers and calcined crystal structures were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results indicated that samples after calcination should be sintered more than one to obtain pure crystalline phase.
Correlation between electrospinning parameters and magnetic properties of BiFeO3 nanofibers
Electrospinning, 2017
BiFeO 3 nanofibers of different morphologies and dimensions were produced by electrospinning varying the collector and thermal treatment. By thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) the thermal behavior of the as-spun nanofibers was studied. The morphology of the nanofibers was examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM, respectively) while the chemical composition and crystal structure were analyzed by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS) and wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD). A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) was used to evaluate the magnetic properties. Different types of mats with different nanofibers´dimensions were obtained; while some nanofibers were interconnected, others were completely separated and aligned. The thinnest nanofibers were obtained using an aluminum substrate with folds and after annealing at 550 ∘ C. All samples annealed at this temperature formed pure BiFeO 3 , while samples annealed at 550 and 750 ∘ C formed an additional Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 phase. No iron impurities were detected; the crystallite size of all the nanofibers was between 30 and 36 nm. The saturation magnetization increased with the decrease of the nanofiber´s diameter and increase of nanofibers interconnectivity. Thus, this ferromagnetism behavior was attributed to the suppression of the spiral spin structure of BiFeO 3 (which has a 62 nm period) and to the morphology of interconnected nanofibers.
Synthesis and optimization of barium manganate nanofibers by electrospinning
Ceramics International, 2012
Barium manganate nanofibers were successfully synthesized for the first time after heat treatment of composite nanofibers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), barium acetate and manganese acetate using electrospinning technique. Different PVP concentrations were used and the results show that PVP concentration had played important role in the formation, uniformity, homogeneity and particularly in the reduction of nanofibers diameter. Crystal structure, microstructure, elemental analysis and surface morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction results show that at low temperature there is no crystallinity in the fibers sample and at 4008Cformationsofbariummanganatecrystallinephasestartsandfinallyat7008Callthenanofibersbecamesinglephase.Thefirsttwohighintensitypeaks(101)andgiveanaveragecrystallitesizeofabout20nm.Thescanningelectronmicrographsshowthatthemorphologyofthefibersissmoothanduniformatlowtemperatureandbecomeslightlyporousatintermediatetemperatureandfinallyathightemperatureof7008Cthefibersbecomehighlyporous,shrankandtheiraveragediameterreducedfrom400 8C formations of barium manganate crystalline phase starts and finally at 700 8C all the nanofibers became single phase. The first two high intensity peaks (1 0 1) and give an average crystallite size of about 20 nm. The scanning electron micrographs show that the morphology of the fibers is smooth and uniform at low temperature and become slightly porous at intermediate temperature and finally at high temperature of 700 8C the fibers become highly porous, shrank and their average diameter reduced from 4008Cformationsofbariummanganatecrystallinephasestartsandfinallyat7008Callthenanofibersbecamesinglephase.Thefirsttwohighintensitypeaks(101)andgiveanaveragecrystallitesizeofabout20nm.Thescanningelectronmicrographsshowthatthemorphologyofthefibersissmoothanduniformatlowtemperatureandbecomeslightlyporousatintermediatetemperatureandfinallyathightemperatureof7008Cthefibersbecomehighlyporous,shrankandtheiraveragediameterreducedfrom400 nm to about 100 nm. These fibers are made of grains with sizes ranging from 15 to 30 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red results are also in good agreement with XRD and SEM results. #
Preparation and characterization of barium titanate nanofibers by electrospinning
Ceramics International, 2012
PVP-BaTiO 3 composite nanofibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning and pure BaTiO 3 fibers were produced after calcination at 1000 8C. A homogeneous viscous solution of barium acetate + titanium acetate/titanium isopropoxide in poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared by varying PVP concentration in the range of 8-12%. The above sols were electrospun at 9 kV DC by maintaining tip to collector distance (TCD) of 7 cm. The electrospun fibers were calcined at 1000 8C for 2 h. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) of the fibers indicates the complete decomposition of organics below 700 8C with 45% weight loss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study shows the fibers cylindrical, smooth with diameters in the range of 50-400 nm and the aspect ratio >1000. The average diameter of the fibers increases with the increase in PVP concentration. The calcined BaTiO 3 nanofibers were found to be coarse, brittle and diameter reduced by 12%. FT-IR study confirms the formation of metal oxide bond at higher temperature. #
Fibers and Polymers, 2010
Polymer organic-inorganic hybrid nanofibers constitute a new class of materials in which the polymeric nanofibers are reinforced by uniformly dispersed inorganic particles having at least one dimension in nanometer-scale. In the present study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/Na-montmorillonite (PAN/Na-MMT) nanofibers were conducted via electrospinning process. Electrospun PAN and PAN/Na-MMT fibers with the respective mean fiber diameter of about 220 and 160 nm were prepared. The influence of the clay-montmorillonite on the morphology and diameter of nanofibers was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques. The microscopic techniques propose that the PAN/Na-MMT composite nanofibers show lower mean fiber diameter than the neat PAN nanofibers. Besides, the difference in nanoclay-content has a slight effect on the distribution of fibers diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results suggest that introduction of clay-nanomaterials improves the thermal characteristics of fibers.
Materials Research, 2013
Barium titanate particles (100-300 nm) synthesized by hydrothermal method were dispersed in both polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethylcellulose (EC) solutions. These suspensions were processed by electrospinning. When no particles were added, homogeneous polymeric nanofibers were obtained. Under certain conditions, polymeric suspensions of barium titanate particles were electrospun generating polymeric fibers with BT particles. The effect of a surfactant was also assessed over the formation of nanofibers. The BaTiO 3 particles synthesized by hydrothermal method were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).