Tocharian-Turkic lexical correspondences, I (original) (raw)

Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed, pt.2

2021

In this paper, further Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantic terms. This line of research continues the system outlined in the first part of this paper series. In addition to Turkic borrowings, some Tungusic borrowings into Proto-Samoyed are also outlined. The following are borrowed from Turkic sources: Proto-Samoyed *tok- ‘to hit’, *kat- ‘to bind, sew’, *jäpɜrkɜ ‘soft’, *seŋ ~ *siŋ ‘rear part of a tent’, *so- ‘to scoop’, *pər ‘blister’, *ar- ‘to carry water’ and the following from Tungusic sources: Proto-Samoyed *kuŋkǝ ‘bend, bow’, *pujå ‘tinder’, *t’ǝpǝ ‘dirt’. These borrowings add to the previously known corpus of the near forty other Turkic borrowings into PS, and provide us with some additional insights into Tungusic borrowings made into Siberian languages.

Peyrot 2016: Language contact in Central Asia: On the etymology of Tocharian B yolo 'bad'

Tocharian B yolo 'bad, evil' is often connected with Hittite idālu- 'id.', after a suggestion of Čop and Rasmussen. The similarities between the Tocharian word on the one hand and Khotanese yola- 'falsehood' and Old Turkish yavlak 'bad, evil' on the other would be due to chance or to borrowing from Tocharian. Here it is argued that we should rather return to a suggestion of Hansen, who assumed that both the Tocharian and the Khotanese word are borrowed from Turkish. More precisely, it seems that the Old Turkish word was borrowed into Khotanese and from there into Tocharian.

Karachay-Balkar vocabulary of proto-Turkic origin

2000

Karachay and Balkar minorities living in ТиЛеу, Europe and the USA (cf. Seegmiller 4). Karachay-Balkar has three dialects. The first one called c-dialect can be characterized by the feature [с]. The second one is Karachay having the feature [c] and the third one is called mixed since it has features both from [c] and [c] dialects. The c-dialect is spoken in the vicinity of North Ossetia, the c'-dialect in the western part, and the mixed one in the central part of Central Caucasus (cf Al. SKB2I). 3. A BRIEF SKETCH OF RESEARCH ON KARACHAY-BALKAR The first information about Karachays and Balkars was given by the German traveller J. Klaproth after his journey to the Caucasus in 1807 and 1808. Also, at the end of the 19''' century the Caucasus peoples were described by Erckert in his work (cf Bask. Gil). The first research on Ihe language started only at the beginning of the 20"' century. The Russian schnlar N. A. Karaulov published in 1908 and 1912 two works concerning the Balkars and their language (cf. Boz. 5). Parallelly, the Hungarian orientalist W. Prohle, after his expeditions to the North Caucasus elaborated and edited the Karachay and Balkar material collected by him (Pr B, Pr K). These works are described in the paragraph: Sources. In 1930 the first grammar of Karachay-Balkar was published. It comprised the characteristics of phonetics, morphology, vocabulary and syntax. It also included data on dialects of Karachay-Balkar (cf Al. SKB 14). Since that time research on this language has begun to develop. In 1933 V. I. Abajev in "Jazyk i myslenije" published his article "Obscije elementy v jazyke osetin, balkarcev i karacajevcev (Iz materialov Balkaro-Karacajevskoj Ekspediciji Akademii Nauk SSSR 1930-33)". The article was reprinted in his work (Abajev OJ) in 1949 under the title "Pojezdka к verchovjam Kubani, Baksana i Cereka". Abajev presents in this paper Karachay-Balkar material in comparison with Ossetin parallels. The sixties brought editions of a descriptive grammar and a Russian-Karachay-Balkar dictionary (cf.: Al. SKB 15-16). In 1962 Boziyev published his work (Boz.) concerning Balkar dialects. It will be discussed below. In 1972 work on Karachay-Balkar syntax was published by U. B. Alijev (Al. SKB). This comprehensive work discusses thoroughly the structure of Karachay-Balkar sentences and their types. All problems are illustrated with contemporary lexical material.

On the Heels of ägöčäk <ehau':cakä> in the Old Turkic-Khotanese Glossary

International Journal of Old Uyghur Studies, 2022

The so-called 'Turkish-Khotanese word-list' is a list of about a hundred Old Turkic words in Brāhmī script, some of them with Khotanese translations. Many of the entries were provided with brief etymological notes by its first editor Harold Bailey, which were corrected and expanded by later linguists. A couple of words remain unexplained. This paper will discuss the body part ehau':cakä. Bailey compared it with Turkish ökçe 'heel' but this was rejected by later authors on phonetic grounds. Bailey's proposal will be revisited and other connections will be investigated.

Session - Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed, pt.2 - Academia

Daniel Nikolić, Kristóf István Szegedi, Juho Pystynen, Arnaud Fournet, Kirill Reshetnikov, Peter Kitson, Peter B Golden, Alvah M Hicks, Robert Lindsay, Peter S Piispanen, Kamil Kartal

2021

A copy of the whole very productive discussion session on the draft paper version of "Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed, pt. 2" (v1) totaling a full 76 pages with 129 participants. This was an impressive gathering - and special thanks go to the participants sharing their expertise on various subjects related to the materials and to tangential fields of study. As usual, the input will be used to improve the manuscript to hopefully publishable standards. Enjoy the discussion!

On a Sound Change in Proto-Turkic

International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, 2023

The present paper argues for two radical consonantal changes in Late Proto-Turkic, which can be formulated as *t₁ > g /V_iVr₁/₂ and *d₁ > g /V_iVr₁. Using this new sound law, some lexemes that have the phonemic shape /°VgVr/ or /°VgVz/ in Common Turkic are etymologised as being derived from verbs ending in °t- or °d-. The reconstructed Turkic forms are also partly supported by Mongolic data.

Turkic lexical borrowings in Samoyed

In this paper, more Turkic borrowings into the Samoyed languages are described in phonological and semantical terms. Turkic loanword etymologies are given for several non-etymologized Proto-Samoyed (PS) roots, including PS *kürə̂-~*kür- ‘to run‘; PS *jumpə̂ ‘moss’; PS *jårə̂- ‘to cry’; PS *jär ’center, middle’; PS *kə̂j- ‘to go’, and PS *kə̂jm- ‘short’. These six borrowings add to the previously known corpus of around thirty other Turkic borrowings into PS. Local Turkic borrowings are found as Samoyed Mator kargui~xargoj ’raven’ and Karagas karhúl ’raven’, as well as Kamassian ber~bə̂ r̀ ‘smoke, dust’, and possibly Nenets pārontāj (O) ‘snowdrift’. Further, the hitherto undiscovered Wanderwort character of PS *kün ‘navel’ is comparatively discussed.

The second one to branch off? The Tocharian lexicon revisited

One popular linguistic theory states that Tocharian – much like Anatolian – has a special status among the IE languages by having branched off from the common protolanguage earlier than the remaining branches such as Indo-Iranian and Greek . Evidence for such an early split-off mainly comes from the Tocharian lexicon . In my paper I would like to reconsider the etymologies that have been put forth for such a claim.