Chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitosan modified Fe 3 O 4 for hyperthermic treatment (original) (raw)
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In this study magnetic fluids were manufactured by the adsorption of chitosan (CS) and O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) on Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to be used as hyperthermic thermoseeds. Fe 3 O 4 particles were characterized by physico-chemical methods such as: thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The SEM images and XRD patterns showed that the synthesized Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were of single phase and spherical shape with 10-15 nm in diameter. The VSM measurements showed that Fe 3 O 4 particles were superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization of 70 emu g −1 . The adsorbed layers of CS and OCMCS on the magnetite surface (Fe 3 O 4 /CS) and (Fe 3 O 4 /OCMCS) were confirmed by FTIR, Raman spectra and SEM. In the ac magnetic field of 80 Oe and 236 kHz, the saturation heating temperatures of the sample Fe 3 O 4 /CS and Fe 3 O 4 /OCMCS were 100 and 98 • C, respectively. At the same concentration of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles in suspension, the two magnetic fluids exhibited quite high heating capacity, with different behaviors of concentration dependence. The Fe 3 O 4 /CS and Fe 3 O 4 /OCMCS nanoparticles would serve as good thermoseeds for localized hyperthermia treatment of cancers.
Scientific Reports
Monodispersed Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) having size of 7 nm have been prepared from iron oleate and made water dispersible by functionalization for biomedical applications. Three different reactions employing thioglycolic acid, aspartic acid and aminophosphonate were performed on oleic acid coated Fe 3 O 4. In order to achieve a control on particle size, the pristine nanoparticles were heated in presence of ferric oleate which led to increase in size from 7 to 11 nm. Reaction parameters such as rate of heating, reaction temperature and duration of heating have been studied. Shape of particles was found to change from spherical to cuboid. The cuboid shape in turn enhances magnetocrystalline anisotropy (K u). Heating efficacy of these nanoparticles for hyperthermia was also evaluated for different shapes and sizes. We demonstrate heat generation from these MNPs for hyperthermia application under alternating current (AC) magnetic field and optimized heating efficiency by controlling morphology of particles. We have also studied intra-cellular uptake and localization of nanoparticles and cytotoxicity under AC magnetic field in human breast carcinoma cell line. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery vehicles, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, separating agents for biomolecules and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent 1-5. For these applications, crystalline, size optimized and non-agglomerated nanoparticles are required 6. Amongst MNPs, Fe 3 O 4 particles are very important materials since they are biocompatible up to large concentrations. Fe 3 O 4 MNPs can be synthesized using several different methods. The most commonly used is co-precipitation method in aqueous medium. However, the particles prepared by this method suffer from agglomeration and poor size control 7 , thereby being not very useful for biomedical application. Preparation of MNPs through reverse micelle is another commonly used method employed to reduce agglomeration 8 , however, in this case the crystallinity is poor and within a few days, agglomeration sets in. The best way to synthesize monodispersed and non-agglomerated particles is thermolysis or hot injection method which utilizes solvents having high boiling point and capping agent with long chain fatty acid. The main disadvantage of this method for biomedical applications is that the synthesized particles are not soluble (form suspension) in polar solvent like water 9-15. Different strategies have been developed to make MNPs coated with long fatty acids water dispersible. One way is exchanging ligands with more hydrophilic ligands. But due to small chain length, there is a least
Investigation of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia
Nukleonika, 2017
The paper presents the investigation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) dedicated to hyperthermia application. The crystal structure and size distributions have been determined by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Magnetic properties of the nanoparticles were tested by Mössbauer spectroscopy together with calorimetric experiments. The Mössbauer spectroscopic study of MNPs revealed the existence of a superparamagnetic phase. The relative contribution of the relaxing component to the total spectrum at room temperature was about 10%. The heating effect of these MNPs under alternating magnetic field was examined. The temperature increase has reached 5°C in 10 min. The preliminary temperature rise suggests that the investigated materials are applicable for hyperthermia.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2014
This SI file includes a detailed description of characterization methods, Table S1, and Figures S1 to S5. CHARACTERIZATION Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) investigations were performed using Tecnai G2 30 UT and Titan ChemiSTEM transmission electron microscopes (FEI Company), operated at 300 kV and 200 kV and having 0.17 nm and 0.24 nm point resolutions, respectively. The samples for TEM were prepared by dropping ultrasonically dispersed NPs onto a holey carbon-coated Cu grid followed by the evaporation of the solvent. Image processing and geometrical phase analysis (GPA) were performed using Digital Micrograph software package (Gatan) and routines written for this software.
Synthesis and characterization of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles for applications in magnetic hyperthermia
Maghemite nanoparticles are widely used in different medical applications. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite), used in magnetic hyperthermia treatment of Melanoma B16. The magnetic nanoparticles are coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for biocompatibility. FTIR measurements confirm the bonding of PEG to the maghemite nanoparticles, while XRD measurements showed the average diameter of the obtained nanoparticles: 8 nm for maghemite and 18 nm for PEG coated maghemite.
Transactions of the Materials Research Society of Japan, 2016
Magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT) is a new cancer therapy approach that uses the heat generated by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) upon the application of an AC magnetic field. To successfully implement the therapy, it is important to estimate the heat dissipation mechanism based on the magnetic properties. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) for MHT were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The crystal structures were examined by X-ray diffraction. The average particle size of the samples ranged between 10.4 nm and 11.0 nm, depending on the preparation conditions, such as the pH. The heating and magnetic properties were dependent on not only the particle size but also the preparation conditions. To clarify the electronic state of the iron ions and the local structure, X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements were performed. We concluded that the valence of the iron ions and local structures, including lattice vacancies, might be important in estimating the heat dissipation.
AIP Publishing, 2024
In this investigation, specimens of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) consisting of Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , and CoFe 2 O 4 were synthesized in a powdered state through the co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction was employed for the purpose of characterizing the dimensions of the sample, yielding the following measurements: t = 64, 10, and 13 nm, respectively. Subsequently, a series of suspensions (S 1 , S5, S 10 , S 15 , and S 20) were prepared by introducing varying amounts (x = 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg) of magnetic nanoparticles into 1 ml of distilled water. A low-frequency induction heater was employed to investigate the thermal characteristics of the aforementioned MNPs. The experimental findings indicate that as the concentration of MNPs in the suspension increases, there is a corresponding decrease in the maximum temperature (Tmax) measured in degrees Celsius, the heating rate (∆T/∆t) measured in degrees Celsius per second, and the specific absorption rate measured in watts per gram. Furthermore, the conducted investigation has elucidated that these MNPs exhibit commendable thermal characteristics, thereby signifying their potential utility in the realm of magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Suitable for Hyperthermia
Thermal Medicine, 2009
The synthesis of the mesoporous nanocomposites consisting of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and calcium silicate with uniform size has been a challenge, although they are the ideal potential agent for medical diagnosis and therapy. In this work, the core/shell structured mesoporous nanocomposites consisting of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as the core and calcium silicate as the shell have been successfully synthesized using a two liquid phase system by ultrasound irradiation, in which the hydrophobic phase is composed of hydrophobic Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and the water phase consists of Ca(NO 3 ) 2 , NaOH, and water. The hollow mesoporous nanocomposites consisting of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and calcium silicate are obtained by adding a certain amount of the inert hydrophobic solvent isooctane in the reaction system before ultrasound irradiation. The nanocomposites have a superparamagnetic behavior, high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) specific surface area (474 m 2 g −1 ), and high Barrett− Joyner−Halenda (BJH) pore volume (2.75 cm 3 g −1 ). The nanocomposites have high drug loading capacities for bovine hemoglobin, docetaxel, and ibuprofen. The docetaxel-loaded nanocomposites have the anticancer ability and, thus, are promising for applications in biomedical fields.
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2010
In this study, a magnetic iron-doped calcium sulfide (Fe-CaS) nanoparticle was newly developed and studied for the purpose of hyperthermia due to its promising magnetic property, adequate biodegradation rate, and relatively good biocompatibility. Fe-CaS nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet chemical coprecipitation process with heat treatment in a N 2 atmosphere, and were subsequently cooled in N 2 and exposed to air at a low temperature. The crystal structure of the Fe-CaS nanoparticles was similar to that of the CaS, which was identified by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The particle size was less than 40 nm based on a Debye-Scherrer equation and transmission electron microscope (TEM) examination. Magnetic properties obtained from the SQUID magnetometer demonstrated that the synthesized CaS was a diamagnetic property. Once the Fe ions were doped, the synthesized Fe-CaS converted into paramagnetism which showed no hysteresis loop. Having been heated above 600°C in N 2 , the Fe-CaS showed a promising magnetic property to produce enough energy to increase the temperature for hyperthermia. 10 mg/ml of the Fe-CaS was able to generate heat to elevate the media temperature over 42.5°C within 6 min. The area of the hysteresis loop increased with the increasing of the treated temperature, especially at 800°C for 1 h. This is because more Fe ions replaced Ca ions in the lattice at the higher heat treatment temperature. The heat production was also increasing with the increasing of heat treatment temperature, which resulted in an adequate specific absorption ratio (SAR) value, which was found to be 45.47 W/g at 37°C under an alternative magnetic field of f = 750 KHz, H = 10 Oe. The in vitro biocompatibility test of the synthesized Fe-CaS nanoparticles examined by the LDH assay showed no cytotoxicity to 3T3 fibroblast. The result of in vitro cell hyperthermia shows that under magnetic field the Fe-CaS nanoparticles were able to generate heat and kill the CT-26 cancer cells significantly. We believe that the developed Fe-CaS nanoparticles have great potential as thermoseeds for cancer hyperthermia in the near future.
Citrate capped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles used for hyperthermia therapy
Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 2012
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) of about 10 nm were designed with proper physicochemical characteristics by an economic, biocompatible chemical co-precipitation of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ in an ammonia solution, for hyperthermia applications. Synthetic methodology has been developed to get a well dispersed and homogeneous aqueous suspension of MNPs. Citric acid was used to stabilize the magnetite particle suspension, it was anchored on the surface of freshly prepared MNPs by direct addition method. Carboxylic acid terminal group not only render the particles more water dispersible but also provides a site for further surface modification. The naked MNPs are often insufficient for their stability, hydrophilicity and further functionalization. To overcome these limitations, citric acid was conjugated on the surface of the MNPs. The microstructure and morphology of the nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the interaction between citric acid and MNPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), whereas the magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Magnetic measurement revealed that the saturation magnetization of the nanoparticles was 74 emu/g and the nanoparticles were superparamagnetic at room temperature. We also have analyzed the potential of these particles for hyperthermia by determination of the specific absorption rate, the temperature increase (ΔT) of the particles was 37˚C. These ferrofluids with high self-heating capacity are a promising candidate for cancer hyperthermia treatment.