Analysis of heavy metals concentration deposited in roadside soil (original) (raw)
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ATBU Journal of Science, Technology and Education, 2019
In this study, the levels of zinc, copper and cadmium in roadside soil samples collected from five different major road networks of Bauchi and its environs were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric technique. The concentrations of zinc, copper and cadmium under study ranged from 96.67-191.33, 12.33-29.67 and 3.67-4.00 mgkg-1 respectively. Soil samples from Bauchi-Gombe road were found to contain the highest levels of zinc (191.33 mgkg-1), copper (29.67 mgkg-1) and cadmium (4.00 mgkg-1) respectively. Soil samples from Bauchi-Dass and Bauchi-Maiduguri roads were respectively and equally found to have the highest levels of cadmium (4.00 mgkg-1). The variations in the levels of zinc and copper in all the road networks were found to be significantly different (p ≤ 0.05), whilst the variations in the levels of cadmium in all the road networks were found to be significantly the same (p ≤ 0.05) as determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The least significant difference (LSD0.05) further revealed that significant differences exist in the respective levels of zinc and copper in all the road networks of Bauchi. The highest concentrations of all the metals determined were found to be within the threshold limits specified by World Health Organization, WHO[(Zn = 300.00 mgkg-1 , Cu = 100.00 mgkg-1 and Cd = 50.00 mgkg-1)] which shows that the soil samples from the road networks of Bauchi are not polluted with the heavy metals determined and the inhabitants are therefore presently safe.
Nuclear Science
Heavy metal concentration in road side soils with its potential ecological effects draws much attention in the developing countries. This necessitates the study of their accumulation in the road side soils of Maiduguri (longitude 11° 13' N; latitude 13° 05' E), to ensure effective protection of soil from the potential loss of its fertility. In this study, roadside soil samples from major roads (Baga road, Bama road, Ngala road and Kano/Jos road) of Maiduguri were collected and determined the levels of heavy metals (As, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu) in the roadside soil using the Perkin-Elmer analyst 300 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that in all the sampling locations, Mn, Zn, Fe and Pb have higher concentration of 137.4±0.04 mg/kg, 392.11±0.07 mg/kg, 13491.70±0.07 mg/kg and 928.50±0.04 mg/kg respectively in roadside soil as compared with Cd of concentration ranges from 0 to maximum of 0.87±0.04mg/kg in Ngala road. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the soil samples were higher than the recommended value of 48 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg respectively. The higher concentration of these metals in the roadside soil samples may be attributed to human activities and traffic volume. Therefore, there is need to further study the concentrations of such heavy metals in agricultural soil, plants and vegetables grown in that area, animals that fed on the plants and any other source that directly or indirectly link to the source of food of the populace.
Heavy metal pollution is a major environmental problem, especially around highways with high traffic density. This study investigates the levels of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in roadside soils of Wukari section of the Wukari-Jalingo highway, Taraba state, Nigeria. Samples were randomly collected and analyzed using standard methods. The mean concentrations (µg/g) of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu from all sample sites ranged: 89.6-247.0, 0.15-5.3, 26.8-163.0 and 7.1-61.2 respectively. The extent of the heavy metals contamination was assessed, as analytical data were subjected to pollution calculation methods. The contamination factors (CF) reveal extreme contamination of the sites and an increasing trend in the heavy metals concentrations was observed in sites with more human activities. The pollution load index (PLI) showed that the sites are severely polluted as the PLI of the metals from each sample site exceeded the PLI of the background (control) sample (0.7). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed clear correlations (p<0.001) amongst the metals suggesting a common source. It can be concluded that the study sites pollution is mostly due to automobile emissions. This study provides awareness for residents to avoid activities such as farming, trading etc very close to the highway due to exposures to these toxic metals.
This study investigated the concentration of eight critical heavy metals in the roadside soils of selected urban centres in Ijebu-North Local Government Area of Ogun State, SW, Nigeria. Thirty-six composite soil samples were collected along the roadside based on distances to the roads. Physiochemical properties and concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in roadside soils in some selected locations were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Accumulation of heavy metals in top soils is greately influenced by traffic volume and all the heavy metals exhibited a significant reduction in the roadside soils with increasing distance from the road. Metal concentrations in the roadside soils followed order of Zn>Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cd>Cr. Concentration of Zn was 156.09 mg/Kg in roadside soils of Ijebu-Igbo/Oru/Ago-Iwoye which is experiencing high volume of traffic , while it ranged from 10 -47 mg/Kg for Ijebu-Igbo/Bajowa/Akanran road with low traffic volume. Pb concentration of 26.7 mg/Kg was observed in : Ijebu-Igbo/Oru/Ago-Iwoye road especially in centre of the city. Concentration of all heavy metals examined were below the EU guideline, however, the paper suggested a regular monitoring and assessment to ensure sustainable management of the urban environment and reduction of traffic-related contamination of soil, plants and water. ©JASEM
Evaluation of some Heavy Metals in Soils along a Major Road in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria
Evaluation of the concentration of soils metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Ni) from selected sites (Odo Oba, Sabo and General Areas) along a major road in Ogbomoso was made in comparison with control site, LAUTECH Campus (LC) based on contamination factor and pollution indices. The metal levels in the sites revealed that: General > Sabo > Odo Oba > LC for the analyzed metals except Fe of which highest value was obtained in the control site. Contamination indices showed that Sabo and general were considerably polluted while Odo Oba was moderately polluted relative to control. The values of pollution level index obtained for these three sites (PLI >1) indicates deterioration of site quality. Significant correlation between some of the metals (Pb, Cr and Ni) studied and average daily traffic volume showed that the contamination could be from automobile emissions. The accumulation of these metals in soil especially in the residential areas may add to the body burden of...
Colloid and Surface Science, 2020
This study was carried out to assess the contamination levels of roadside surface soils by potentially toxic metals due to their persistence and bioaccumulative nature in the ecosystem. Surface soils were sampled at various equidistance points along Iwo-Ibadan expressway, Nigeria and were then digested and analyzed for elemental concentrations using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Zn (72.91 mg/kg) had the highest mean concentration followed by Pb (54.66 mg/kg), Mn (31.32 mg/kg), Fe (12.16 mg/kg), Cd (11.92 mg/kg) and Cu (4.06 mg/kg). Variation in the elemental levels across the sampling points was a reflection of the variation in traffic density. The results of the contamination factor and geoaccumulation index indicated varying degrees of contamination. The modified degree of contamination and the pollution load index suggested that the roadside surface soils are contaminated with the metals. Cluster analysis indicated that the metals are associated with car components and vehicular emissions. It is therefore recommended that strict regulations be put in place against the use of leaded gasoline as vehicular fuels. Adequate and frequent monitoring of highway contamination by metals as a result of their bioaccumulative tendencies is also suggested.
Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants Along Roadsides in Lafia, Nigeria
Transactions on Science & Technology, 2020
The menace of air pollution through vehicular movements in many urban cities across the world has increased tremendously. This study aimed at determining the heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants growing by the roadside in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Two common plants (Hyptis suaveolens and Urena lobata) by the roadsides together with the soils were sampled using a simple stratified random sampling technique. Sampling was done at three locations (0m, 10m and 20m) away from three most plied highways in Lafia. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn)) were determined in all the samples in triplicates using standard methods. The results revealed varying concentrations of the heavy metals in the soils and plants at the three study sites. The concentration of Cu in the soils and plants ranged from 0.08-0.4ppm and 0.1-0.4ppm respectively while that of Zn in soils and plants ranges from 0.1-1.5ppm and 0.1-1.3ppm respectively. The pattern of concentrations of the heavy metals in both the soils and plants are in the order of Pb < Cu < Zn across all the sites. Even though there was no significant difference in the heavy metals concentrations between 0m, 10m and 20m away from the road sides, the metals are still more concentrated at the 0m of the sites. Pb was found to be below the detection limit at most of the sites.
Assessing heavy metal contamination of road side soil in urban area
Journal of Research in Biology, 2013
Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The pollution of soil by heavy metals is a serious environmental issue. Heavy metals are released during different operations of the road transport such as combustion, component wear, fluid leakage and corrosion of metals lead, cadmium, copper and zinc which are the major metal pollutants of the road side environment. The present research is conducted to study heavy metal contamination in road side and industrial soil of Madurai city. The soil samples are collected from three sites and analyzed for six heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni and Cd). Their concentration and distribution in different depths (0 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm) were determined. Heavy metal contents were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The studies with Enrichment Factor (EF) indicate that lead has been enriched to quite great extent while the Normalized Scatter Coefficient values (NSC) indicate faster enrichment of cadmium. The level of heavy metals in road side soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels. The results revealed that the heavy metals are harmful to the road side vegetation, wild life and the neighbouring human settlements.
Evaluation of heavy metals along a major road in Nigeria
Evaluation of the concentration of soils metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Ni) from selected sites (Odo Oba, Sabo and General Areas) along a major road in Ogbomoso was made in comparison with control site, LAUTECH Campus (LC) based on contamination factor and pollution indices. The metal levels in the sites revealed that: General > Sabo > Odo Oba > LC for the analyzed metals except Fe of which highest value was obtained in the control site. Contamination indices showed that Sabo and general were considerably polluted while Odo Oba was moderately polluted relative to control. The values of pollution level index obtained for these three sites (PLI >1) indicates deterioration of site quality. Significant correlation between some of the metals (Pb, Cr and Ni) studied and average daily traffic volume showed that the contamination could be from automobile emissions. The accumulation of these metals in soil especially in the residential areas may add to the body burden of the residents. Further investigation is highly necessary to study the concentrations and health implications of these metals in residents of the linear settlements along this major road in Ogbomoso.
A chemical speciation study of five trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd) in roadside topsoil along nine major roads in Iwo, a semi-urban city, SouthWestern Nigeria, was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mean values (μg/g) obtained by total digestion were in the following order: Fe (173.00 ± 11.64) > Mn (104.52 ± 10.01) > Zn (51.64 ± 2.60) > Pb (0.89 ± 0.06) > Cd (0.41 ± 0.03). The result of the speciation analysis showed that most of the Mn and Fe were associated with Mn-oxide bound followed by organic matter; Zn was associated with organic matter (OM) followed by exchangeable fractions while Pb and Cd showed a similar pattern for all the fractions. The physicochemical parameters studied showed that the soil was alkaline in nature. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that OM was positively correlated with CaCO 3 at P < 0.01; OM and CaCO 3 were negatively correlated with Mn at P < 0.05. A significant positive correlation was observed between the trace metals examined in this study. The mean values of the mobility factor (MF) for the five trace metals studied were Mn (41.70 ± 2.45), Pb (44.67 ± 1.57), Cd (43.88 ± 3.21), Fe (42.88 ± 1.54) and Zn (44.28 ± 1.54). The results of the calculated I-geo values for the street dusts of the study area showed that the roadside soil was practically unpolluted with Mn, Fe and Pb but moderately to heavily polluted with Cd. Even though the analytical results indicate that the levels of trace metals studied were below those indicated in the literature for typical soil, with the exception of Cd, future environmental monitoring is highly recommended.