A Blockchain-Based Network Slice Broker for 5G Services (original) (raw)
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People have grown socially dependent on the internet as a result of its tremendous convenience and increased influence. Fifth-generation wireless networks, or 5G, are a game-changing technology standard in mobile telecommunications that promises to be 20Gbps faster than current 4G technology. One of the main goals of 5g internet is to I deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, (ii) ultra low latency, (iii) more reliability, (iv) massive network capacity, (v) increased availability, (vi) higher performance, and (vii) improved efficiency. 5g (Fifth-generation wireless networks) is the most recent iteration of cellular technology. The blockchain technology, on the other hand, is one of the contentious technological enablers that addresses the majority of the present restrictions and offers the functional standards for 5G. Making the best possible use of the tools and resources at hand is essential for creating smart cities. In this paper, we first examine how blockchain might help to solve the difficult problems posed by 5G, and then we discuss potential future applications and research possibilities. I. INTRODUCTION Blockchain is a decentralized, unchangeable database that makes it easier to record and track commercial transactions [1]. A distributed ledger is a specific kind of blockchain. DLT, or distributed ledger technology, enables the sharing of records among numerous computers, or "nodes." A node can be any blockchain user, but it requires a lot of computing power to run. Nodes store data in the ledger and check, authorize, and save it. This contrasts with conventional record-keeping techniques, which preserve data in a single location, such a computer server [2]. Two research scientist, W. Scott Stornetta and Stuart Haber discussed about the blockchain technology first time in 1991. To ensure that digital documents could not be altered or retroactively time-stamped, they sought to provide a computationally feasible approach [3]. Researchers have suggested using blockchain to solve the problems with 5G since it can provide transparency, data reliability, trustworthiness, and immutability in a distributed setting [4]. By providing data provenance, authenticity, accountability, immutability, and non-repudiation for every user, blockchain enables users of 5G IoT networks to connect and transact (save and retrieve data) [5]. Fifth-generation wireless technology, also known as 5G, has now supplanted 4G in the wireless technology race due to an exponential rise in customer demand [6]. In intelligent networked communication environments, the fifth generation of mobile technology, or 5G, connects people, things, data, apps, transportation systems, and cities. The networks analyze extraordinarily high volumes of data with little lag time, reliably connect a very large number of devices, and transfer enormous amounts of data much more quickly [7]. II. LITERATURE REVIEW This section classifies some of the researchers with their concepts and achievements. 1) Blockchain for 5G: Opportunities and Challenges: Abdulla Chaer, Khaled salah, Claudio lima, Partha Pratim Ray, Tarek Sheltami, 2019. In this research paper, they highlighted decentralized storage of 5g and their services, opportunities which support smart contract elements to develop security, trusted oracle and ecosystem.
BEAT: Blockchain-Enabled Accountable and Transparent Network Sharing in 6G
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Infrastructure sharing is a widely discussed and implemented approach and is successfully adopted in telecommunications networks today. In practice, it is implemented through prior negotiated Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between the parties involved. However, it is recognised that these agreements are difficult to negotiate, monitor and enforce. For future 6G networks, resource and infrastructure sharing is expected to play an even greater role. It will be a crucial technique for reducing overall infrastructure costs and increasing operational efficiencies for operators. More efficient SLA mechanisms are thus crucial to the success of future networks. In this work, we present "BEAT", an automated, transparent and accountable end-to-end architecture for network sharing based on blockchain and smart contracts. This work focuses on a particular type of blockchain, Permissioned Distributed Ledger (PDL), due to its permissioned nature allowing for industry-compliant SLAs wit...
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The 5G network would fuel next-gen, bandwidth-heavy technologies such as automation, IoT, and AI on the factory floor. It will improve efficiency by powering AR overlays in workflows, as well as ensure safer practices and reduce the number of defects through predictive analytics and real-time detection of damage. The Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) in 5G networks will permit 5G NR and 4G LTE to coexist and will provide cost-effective and efficient solutions that enable a smooth transition from 4G to 5G. However, this increases the attack surface in the 5G networks. To the best of our knowledge, none of the current works introduces a real-time secure spectrum-sharing mechanism for 5G networks to defend spectrum resources and applications. This paper aims to propose a Blockchain-based Decentralized Trusted Computing Platform (BTCP) to self-protect large-scale 5G spectrum resources against cyberattacks in a timely, dynamic, and accurate way. Furthermore, the platform provides a decentralized, trusted, and non-repudiating platform to enable secure spectrum sharing and data exchange between the 5G spectrum resources Experienced Technical Advisor with a demonstrated history of working in the Intelligence community and military industry.
BEAT: Blockchain-Enabled Accountable and Transparent Infrastructure Sharing in 6G and Beyond
IEEE Access, 2022
It is widely expected that future networks of 6G and beyond will substantially improve on 5G. Technologies such as Internet of Skills and Industry 4.0 will become stable and viable, as a direct consequence of networks that offer sustained and reliable mobile performance levels. The primary challenges for future technologies are not just low-latency and high-bandwidth. The more critical problem Mobile Service Providers (MSPs) will face will be in balancing the inflated demands of network connections and customers' trust in the network service. That is, being able to interconnect billions of unique devices while adhering to the agreed terms of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). To meet these targets, it is self-evident that MSPs cannot operate in a solitary environment. They must enable cooperation among themselves in a manner that ensures trust, both between themselves as well as with customers. In this study, we present the BEAT (Blockchain-Enabled Accountable and Transparent) Infrastructure Sharing architecture. BEAT exploits the inherent properties of permissioned type of distributed ledger technology (i.e., permissioned distributed ledgers) to deliver on accountability and transparency metrics whenever infrastructure needs to be shared between providers. We also propose a lightweight method that enables device-level accountability. BEAT has been designed to be deployable directly as only minor software upgrades to network devices such as routers. Our simulations on a resource-limited device show that BEAT adds only a few seconds of overhead processing time-with the latest state-of-the-art network devices, we can reasonably anticipate much lower overheads. INDEX TERMS Infrastructure sharing, smart contracts, permissioned distributed ledgers.
On the Performance of Blockchain-enabled RAN-as-a-service in Beyond 5G Networks
ArXiv, 2021
Blockchain (BC) technology can revolutionize the future of communications by enabling decentralized and open sharing networks. In this paper, we propose the application of BC to facilitate Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) and other players such as Verticals or Over-The-Top (OTT) service providers to exchange Radio Access Network (RAN) resources (e.g., infrastructure, spectrum) in a secure, flexible and autonomous manner. In particular, we propose a BC-enabled reverse auction mechanism for RAN sharing and dynamic users’ service provision in Beyond 5G networks, and we analyze its potential advantages with respect to current service provisioning and RAN sharing schemes. Moreover, we study the delay and overheads incurred by the BC in the whole process, when running over both wireless and wired interfaces.
Blockchain-enabled resource management and sharing for 6G communications
Digital Communications and Networks, 2020
The sixth generation (6G) network must provide performance superior to previous generations in order to meet the requirements of emerging services and applications, such as multi-gigabit transmission rate, even higher reliability, sub 1 millisecond latency and ubiquitous connection for Internet of Everything. However, with the scarcity of spectrum resources, efficient resource management and sharing is crucial to achieve all these ambitious requirements. One possible technology to enable all of this is blockchain, which has recently gained significance and will be of paramount importance to 6G networks and beyond due to its inherent properties. In particular, the integration of blockchain in 6G will enable the network to monitor and manage resource utilization and sharing efficiently. Hence, in this article, we discuss the potentials of blockchain for resource management and sharing in 6G using multiple application scenarios namely, Internet of things, device-to-device communications, network slicing, and inter-domain blockchain ecosystems.