Gramsci, Machiavelli and International Relations (original) (raw)

Antonio Gramsci's concepts, while not directly focused on international relations, have been appropriated to challenge mainstream theories like realism in IR/IPE. Gramsci's perspective, viewed through the lens of Machiavelli and Marx, highlights the historical and social mutability of political structures, arguing that the capitalist system shapes the modern state and its political dynamics. This work posits that ongoing global economic changes will precipitate new identities and interests, advocating for a transformative approach in international politics that seeks social liberation and empowerment.