FLOWERING AND FRUITING PHENOPHASES IN A TROPICAL DRY DECIDUOUS FOREST OF BHADRA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, KARNATAKA, SOUTHERN INDIA (original) (raw)

Seasonality flowering and fruiting patterns, bhadra wildlife sanctuary_2009

We examined 24 months' data of flowering and fruiting phenophases of 277 individuals of 45 species at the community level. We determined the timing of the phenophases in relation to seasonal rainfall and temperature. Regression analysis was performed to examine how variations in rainfall and temperature influenced the peaks and troughs of phenology cycles. We also investigated seasonality of various phenophases to understand their cyclicity and strength.

Phenology of Leaf Flushing, Flower Initiation and Fruit Maturation in Dry Deciduous and Evergreen Forests of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, Southern India

Our Nature, 2012

Varying with altitude and rainfall of two forest types of tropical forest were studied. Community wide pattern in both vegetative and reproductive phenophases among various tree species of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary, Karnataka is reported here. Leaf initiation peaks in the month of April in dry forest, after leaf less period of 1-2 months, in evergreen forest leaf initiation peaks in the month of January simultaneously with leaf senescence. Flower initiation begins from January till June with a peak in April in dry forest. Evergreen forest starts from November to march with a peak in January and February. Fruit maturation in dry forest starts from March to December with a peak in August and November, in evergreen forest from January to July with a peak in April.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5738

Flowering and fruiting patterns of woody species in the tropical montane evergreen forest of southern India

Reproductive phenology in tropical forests has been potentially influenced by climatic cues, biotic interactions and phylogenetic constraints at the community level. Studies on this relationship in the tropical mon-tane evergreen forest of south India are rather lacking. We made reproductive phonological observations on 497 individuals falling under 66 species, in 52 gen-era and 31 families, at weekly intervals for a period of three years from January 2002 to December 2004 consecutively. At the community level, most of the woody species had annual rhythm and showed regular seasonal reproductive cycle. Flowering and fruiting patterns were significantly related with climatic variables , seasonal patterns were significantly associated with biotic factors and further found that closely related species of flowering and fruiting showed similar in times at climatic seasonality. Therefore the study suggests that community level reproductive phenology was influenced by climatic variables, biotic interaction and evolutionary perspectives.

Periodicity of different phenophases in selected trees from Himalayan Terai of India

The temporal phenology of leaf bud bursting, leaf initiation, leaf maturation, leaf fall, flower initiation, fruit initiation and fruit fall was recorded for eight tree species (Ficus hispida, F. squamosa, Mallotus nudiflorus, M. philippensis, Shorea robusta, Schleichera oleosa, Pongamia pin-nata and Terminalia arjuna) in the tropical moist deciduous forest of Himalayan Terai region from November 2009 to October 2012. The study revealed that a short low temperature dry period, sufficient winter rain and temperature rise are the triggering factors for summer leaf flushing and, the increased soil water availability for second leaf flushing in rains. Initiation of flowering with leaf emergence in the dry period supports higher rate of fruit setting due to maximum availability and activities of pollinators. The dispersal and post dispersal success of fruits increased by their ripening before and/or in the rainy season. In T. arjuna, no correlation has been found between the fruiting and rains. M. nudiflorus and M. philippensis initiate leaves and flowers with the first significant increase in temperature and photoperiod and are thus suggested as the potential tree species for climate change studies in tropics.

EXPLORATION OF IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS OF FLOWERING PHENOLOGY IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN FORESTS OF DHIRKOT, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR, PAKISTAN

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2022

The flowering phenology of plants is influenced by the unique set of environmental variations, and therefore, elucidation of important driving factors is important. The study area of Dhirkot (western Himalaya, Pakistan) is explored to record the interactions among the flowering phenology of the vascular plants and current climate along the temporal gradient from March-2015 to February-2018. A total of 38 randomly selected representative sites were visited to record the timing of flowering response and compared with mean monthly climatic data. Multivariate classification and ordination tools were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that majority (185 spp; 68%) of plant species passes through thier flowering phase in the month of July. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results depicted that about 63.7% of the phenological variations were explained by the monthly explanatory climatic variables, and mean minimum temperature, precipitation, wind speed and soil moisture were significantly (p-adj. <0.05) important. Pseudo-canonical correlation of the first three CCA axes was found higher than 0.8 which depicted that the selected variables were important determinants. This study concluded that predicted future temperature increase might alter the phenological responses, and prove to be devastating for valuable plant species of this unique and very delicate western Himalayan ecosystem.

Environmental correlates of tree reproductive phenology in a tropical state of India - insights from a citizen science project

Tropical tree reproductive phenology is sensitive to changing climate, but inter-individual and interannual variability at the regional scale is poorly understood. While large-scale and long-term datasets of environmental variables are available, reproductive phenology needs to be measured in-site, limiting the spatiotemporal scales of the data. We leveraged a unique dataset assembled by SeasonWatch, a citizen-science phenology monitoring programme in India to assess the environmental correlates of fruiting and flowering in three ubiquitous and economically important tree species - jackfruit, mango and tamarind - in the south-western Indian state of Kerala. Using 165006 observations spread over 19596 individual trees and over 9 years, and temperature and rainfall predictors for the fortnight preceding each observation, accessed using the ERA5-LAND dataset, we modelled the environmental correlates of reproductive phenophases - flower and fruit occurrence - in these species using two ...