Morpho-chemical characterization of new confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes from Argentina (original) (raw)
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The Philippine journal of science, 2021
Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops, with the essential fatty acids of its oil considered to be important in the human diet. Various sunflower accessions necessitate morphological and oil research. This study evaluates the agro-morphological characteristics of sunflower using the guidelines developed by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). Moreover, it also assessed the distinctness, uniformity, and stability among accessions through the agglomerative clustering method, with the morphological diversity estimated using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index that ranges from low to moderate. A significant relationship was observed between pollen diameter and sunflower oil. Twenty (20) accessions were extracted to determine the oil content and fatty acid composition using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Out of 20 sunflower germplasms, 18 accessions had oil extracted. CL-SF20 obtained the highest amount of extracted oil. GC-MS analysis revealed that CL-SF14 has 71.5% oleic acid, 6.86% palmitic acid, and the lowest polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid (P/S) index of 0.4228.
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Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society, 2004
Chemical characterizations of oils and meals from the wild sunflower species Helianthus petiolaris Nutt and their comparison with those from cultivated sunflower (H. annuus) were performed. Seeds from indigenous populations of H. petiolaris were harvested in Argentina in different years. The analytical parameters studied were as follows: (i) FA profile, PV, p-anisidine value, oxidative stability, phosphorus and phospholipid content, tocopherols, polar compounds, and waxes in the extracted oils; and (ii) moisture, ash, crude fiber, metals, sugars, urease activity, starch, protein, available lysine, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, gross energy, and amino acid content in the residual meals. The products from wild sunflower seed, which yielded 27–30% oil by solvent extraction, showed some characteristics similar to the commercial products. Nevertheless, the oil had lower quality and stability owing to the high unsaturation levels and lower concentrations of antioxidant components, and the meal had a lower protein content. The phospholipid content was significantly lower than in industrial crude sunflower oils. Most of the important parameters in the meal such as available lysine, gross energy, and digestibility compared favorably with those for cultivated sunflower meals. The results showed the potential for using these meals for animal feed.
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International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020
Sunflower is a major oilseed crop in India. However, its kernels are underutilized. An evaluation of sunflower kernels was undertaken to determine their suitability for table purpose. Three varieties of sunflower namely, KBSH 44, KBSH 41 and Confectionery-1 were evaluated. Nutrient composition and physico-chemical characteristics were analysed. Per 100g of sample moisture content ranged from 3.13 to 5.2g, protein 19.78 to 26.69g, crude fat 40.3 to 54.06g, energy value 555.8 to 624.43 K cal, carbohydrate content 14.72 to 27.36g, and crude fibre 2.86 to 4.30g. The groundnut seeds had higher protein, fat, fiber and energy value compared to sunflower kernels. Ash and minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, iron and zinc ranged from 2.34 to 3.92g, 60.79 to 84.59mg, 296.7 to 670.49mg, 3.31 to 4.76mg and 2.98 to 4.05mg respectively. The ash and micronutrients were found higher in sunflower seed kernels compared to groundnut. Total sugars and tannic acid content ranged between 2.36 to 3.04g and 30.91 to 44.16 mg respectively. Significant differences existed between the varieties for all nutrients. Percent free fatty acid and peroxide values were higher in groundnut and KBSH 41 respectively compared to rest. The solubility, swelling power, water and oil absorption capacities were highest in KBSH 44. The solubility, swelling power, water and oil absorption capacities were similar to groundnut. The physico-chemical composition of sunflower and groundnut oil samples differed significantly. Sunflower seed kernels had higher saponification and Iodine value compared to groundnut.
OCL, 2016
Sunflower seed quality, in particular the characteristics of hullability and protein content, has a significant impact on the protein content of the resulting meal. Seeds dehulled before crushing produce a meal with a protein content of approximately 36%; without dehulling, the protein content is typically in the range of 27-29%. This study seeks to assess the effect of sunflower variety on hullability and protein content. Genetic effects were studied by means of seed samples obtained from a network of variety evaluation trials undertaken across the production area in France for sunflowers. For both characteristics, significant differences between cultivars were observed; as a consequence, the potential protein content of their dehulled meals also ranged widely (34-44%). Genetic selection, which provides substantial improvements in both oil content and fatty acid composition, should therefore be expected to enhance the quality of sunflower meal.
Variability of seed quality traits in a collection of Spanish landraces of confectionery sunflower
Crop and Pasture Science, 2014
Confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been cultivated in Spain for many years in small vegetable gardens for self-consumption, and this has created a vast genetic diversity of local landraces. The objective of this research was to assess variation in seed quality traits in a germplasm collection of Spanish local landraces of confectionery sunflower. Seed weight, kernel percentage, oil content, fatty acid composition, squalene, tocopherol and phytosterol contents, and tocopherol and phytosterol composition, were analysed in 137 landraces grown for 2 years in Córdoba, Spain. The evaluation was hindered by large differences for flowering time between accessions (>90 days), which made it difficult to separate genetic from environmental effects. The collection contained large variability for all traits evaluated. Of particular relevance were the ranges of variation (2-year averages) for squalene content (12–128 mg kg–1 seed kernel), tocopherol content (114–423 mg kg–1 see...
Helia, 2011
Sunflower seeds are one of the most important sources of vegetable oil in the world. Additionally, they are used for confectionery and snack food, as well as for bird and pet food. Sunflower germplasm used for food differs between Morocco and Spain. Whereas sunflower seeds used for food in Morocco are mainly obtained from oilseed-type cultivars with black achenes and low hull proportion, those used in Spain derive from confectionery-type cultivars with black and white striped achenes and high hull proportion. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance and seed quality of Moroccan and Spanish sunflower germplasm used for food. Six cultivars from Morocco and six landraces from Spain were evaluated in replicated field trials in Aïn Taoujdate (Morocco) and Córdoba (Spain) in 2009. Seed yield, hundred-achene weight, hundred-kernel weight, achene oil content, kernel oil content, and fatty acid profile were measured. The results showed that confectionery-type and oilseed-type cultivars did not differ in seed yield, hundred-kernel weight and kernel oil content. Since confectionery-type cultivars from Spain performed similarly to local oilseed-type cultivars, they could be introduced to diversify the offer of in-shell sunflower seed snack in Morocco.
Genetic improvement of sunflower in Argentina between 1930 and 1995
Field Crops Research, 2000
We compared the partitioning of dry matter and the oil and protein content in the grain of sun¯ower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars released in Argentina between 1930 and 1995. At anthesis, the fraction of plant dry matter partitioned to leaf and head increased, whereas the fraction in the stem decreased with year of cultivar release. Improved oil yield was related to the increase in: (i) harvest index (grain mass/shoot mass) from about 0.3 to 0.5; (ii) kernel-to-grain ratio from 0.6 to 0.8; and (iii) kernel oil concentration from 58 to 70%. The duration of the period of grain growth as a fraction of season length accounted for half of the variation in harvest index. Kernel oil concentration was negatively associated with protein concentration which dropped from 23 to 13%. Further improvement in partitioning may be possible, including increase in harvest index resulting from enhanced contribution of stored assimilate to grain growth. Owing to the dramatic improvement in partitioning achieved in the last seven decades, however, further increase in yield may need to focus on increasing biomass production. # .ar (N. Tra Âpani) 1 Sunflower fruit is an achene formed by the seed and the adhering pericarp. We use``grain'' to refer to the achene, kernel for the (true) seed, and hull for the pericarp.