The Continuity of University History: A Case-Study of Portuguese Studium Generale (128881377) (original) (raw)
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The Continuity of University History: A Case-Study of Portuguese Studium Generale (1288–1377)
The paper reviews the problem of caesuras and continuity of Portuguese University's history. A study of the University papers showed gaps in its institutional history caused by several relocations from Coimbra to Lisbon. Sometimes such caesuras raise doubts in the continuity of the University's history and suggest the existence of different studia generalia that alternated with each other for the period under study. However, contemporary historians and members of the university community view the different universities as parts of one and the same university. Our case-study demonstrates that this view is based on the documents concerning economic privileges granted to the University by the country's rulers and the Roman popes. If recognized as a new university, the studium generale would have lost its former privileges. Thus, the logic of collective memory of Portuguese University was based on the image of its historical continuity.
The purpose of this essay, rather than an exhaustive presentation of the historiographical output on Portuguese universities, is to lead the reader to the threshold of a comprehensive knowledge of the achievements and problems in this field; and try to provide a working tool for future research. Encompassing a long time span, with several changes in the higher education system in Portugal, besides mentioning general works and source publication, it approaches some topics: material conditions (buildings and funding), students and student culture, professors (with a glimpse on scientific production).
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017
The article analyzes argumentation that was used by the Papal curia and the University of Lisbon in the bulls and petitions during the short period when the kingdom of Portugal supported Anti-Pope Clement VII (1380-1381). Rhetoric of observed sources includes legal concepts and images borrowed from earlier theoretical texts and academic privileges. In the Curial practice the main legal conception of medieval university, the Studium generale, could be interpreted in the different ways, as it is demonstrated by the case of the Gregory XII's bulls addressed to the Portuguese university in 1377. In 1380 the Portuguese academic corporation expected some grants and authorization of its status in exchange for support of the Avignon Pope. But controversial formulas and concepts of Clement VII's bull In Superne dignitatis (that de jure founded a new Studium generale in Lisbon) rather strengthen his authority in Portugal than favoured realization of proclaimed university privileges.
The Social and Cultural Roles of the University of Coimbra (1537-1820) : some considerations
2007
The University of Coimbra in Portugal shared the common calling of universities of preparing future ruling elites, but it fulfilled this mission in its own way. Considering the period 1537- 1820, this paper presents some indicators of its specific social and cultural roles, such as the evolution of the numbers of students, their geographical origins (including a significant contribution from Brazil), and the kind of knowledge they were seeking. A second cluster of considerations focuses on the relationship with political (and ecclesiastical) power, not only in terms of the representation of the University?s instrumental function, but also of its subsequent actual behavior - combining protection and control - such as in the granting of funding resources, the appointment of professors and academic authorities, and mechanisms conditioning access to future careers.
A universidade medieval: uma memória1 The medieval university: a memory
revistamirabilia.com
Resumo: Neste artigo pretendemos analisar, em linhas gerais, as origens da Universidade medieval, considerando-a como local novo, próprio do saber, que comungava com os interesses da comunidade e era, legitimamente, reconhecida como um espaço fundamental pelo governo laico e eclesiástico. Neste estudo nos basearemos em alguns estudiosos que se ocuparam das Universidades na Idade Média, como SAVIGNY (1844), VERGER (1973), STEENBERGHEN (198?) e NARDI (1996). Acreditamos que as questões tratadas pelos teóricos medievais e que esses estudiosos destacam não expressam preocupações individuais, mas inquietações e indagações que a sociedade fazia nessa época histórica. Por meio dessas questões, buscamos as origens da Universidade, o que é uma forma de indagar pela razão da sua existência. Mas, vemos nesse estudo um alcance maior do que um debruçar sobre as medievais. Ao assim fazermos, julgamos estar tangenciando questões que as perpassam hoje, não por achar que os problemas sejam os mesmos, mas por se tratar da mesma Instituição. Desse modo poderemos, ao menos, verificar como os homens de saberes daquela época construíram esse espaço que continua sendo um espaço próprio e oportuno para o conhecimento. Com isso, ao estudarmos as origens das Universidades medievais por meio da historiografia e de documentos medievais estamos, igualmente, criando uma nova memória e um novo espaço de saber estabelecido pelos nossos problemas e pelas nossas relações cotidianas.
The article analyzes argumentation that was used by the Papal curia and the University of Lisbon in the bulls and petitions during the short period when the kingdom of Portugal supported Anti-Pope Clement VII (1380–1381). Rhetoric of observed sources includes legal concepts and images borrowed from earlier theoretical texts and academic privileges. In the Curial practice the main legal conception of medieval university, the Studium generale, could be interpreted in the different ways, as it is demonstrated by the case of the Gregory XII’s bulls addressed to the Portuguese university in 1377. In 1380 the Portuguese academic corporation expected some grants and authorization of its status in exchange for support of the Avignon Pope. But controversial formulas and concepts of Clement VII’s bull In Superne dignitatis (that de jure founded a new Studium generale in Lisbon) rather strengthen his authority in Portugal than favoured realization of proclaimed university privileges.
This paper aims to present an existing research strand at the Centro de História da Universidade de Lisboa (CH-ULisboa), which is based on several resources related to digital humanities. This broader research strand has three main axes: the study of the University of Lisbon per se, the mobility of Portuguese scholars in the medieval and early modern periods, and the funding and management of the medieval Portuguese studium, which together can help generate a general picture of the history of the university in Portugal. These three axes are based on different field of digital humanities, such as databases and GIS, which we intend to merge and make available online in the near future. Two of these databases (the Magistri Database and the Peregrinatio Database) are presented here as case studies to discuss different issues derived from the use of the prosopographical method, as well as to address several technical issues.