Simultaneous evaluation of the production of squalene and fatty acids by Aurantiochytrium (original) (raw)
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Journal of phycology, 2018
Schizochytrium mangrovei strain PQ6 was investigated for co-production of docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6ω-3, DHA) and squalene using a 30 L bioreactor with a working volume of 15 L under various batch and fed-batch fermentation process regimes. The fed-batch process was a more efficient cultivation strategy for achieving higher biomass production rich in DHA and squalene. The final biomass, total lipid, unsaponifiable lipid content and DHA productivity were 105.25 g · L , 43.40% of dry cell weight, 8.58% total lipid and 61.66 mg · g · L , respectively, after a 96 h fed-batch fermentation. The squalene content was highest at 48 h after feeding glucose (98.07 mg · g of lipid). Differences in lipid accumulation during fermentation were correlated with changes in ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy and Nile Red staining of cells. The results may be of relevance to industrial-scale co-production of DHA and squalene in heterotrophic marine microalgae such as Schizochytrium...
Lab-Scale Optimization of Aurantiochytrium sp. Culture Medium for Improved Growth and DHA Production
Applied Sciences
Thraustochytrids have gained increasing relevance over the last decades, due to their fast growth and outstanding capacity to accumulate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this context, the present work aimed to optimize the growth performance and DHA yields by improving the culture medium of Aurantiochytrium sp. AF0043. Accordingly, two distinct culture media were optimized: (i) an inorganic optimized medium (IOM), containing only monosodium glutamate and glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively; and (ii) an organic and sustainable waste-based optimized medium (WOM), containing corn steep powder and glycerol, added in fed-batch mode, as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Overall, the lab-scale optimization allowed to increase the biomass yield 1.5-fold and enhance DHA content 1.7-fold using IOM. Moreover, WOM enabled a 2-fold increase in biomass yield and a significant improvement in lipid contents, from 22.78% to 31...
Cultural Optimization of Thraustochytrids for Biomass and Fatty Acid Production
Two thraustochytrids isolated from fallen mangrove leaves in Subic Bay, Philippines were identified based on their cell morphology, sporogenesis and spore release as: Thraustochytrium sp. SB04; and Schizochytrium sp. SB11. Physiological screening (temperature, seawater concentration, glucose concentration and initial pH) was undertaken on the two isolates for optimization of culture conditions for biomass and total fatty acid production. Both isolates survived and grew well on glucose as their sole source of carbon. Highest biomass production for the two isolates were obtained at lower glucose concentrations (3–5% w/v) in a half-strength natural seawater (50–60% v/v), at near neutral pH (6.0), and incubation temperatures of 20–30°C. Growth curve analysis showed slower growth (1 d lag time) and a shorter stationary phase (less than 1 day) for Thraustochytrium sp. compared to Schizochytrium sp. Additional extracellular enzyme screening showed that both isolates only produced lipase. Analysis of fatty acid methyl ester results showed that Thraustochytrium sp. produced predominantly short chain fatty acids with oleic acid (18:1), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) making up as much as 71% of the total fatty acids (TFA). Schizochytrium sp., on the other hand, produced high amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and comprised up to 22.5% of TFA. The large amount of MUFA makes this Thraustochytrium sp. a viable source of oil for biodiesel production. Just as important is the high amount of DHA produced by Schizochytrium sp., a potential source for local large-scale DHA production.
Journal of Oleo Science, 2009
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (C 20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C 22:6n-3) are structural components of cell membrane and play important roles in biological functions. DHA is essential for the normal functional development of the retina and brain 1,2) and therefore acceptance of the dietary importance of DHA in human health is increasing. The industrial source of DHA, so far, is from limited natural resources, primarily marine fish oils. As an alternative DHA source to fish oils, DHA derived from microbial production has attracted increasing interest in recent times. There are two commercially available marine microorganisms that produce DHA, a heterotrophic dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii, and thraustochytrids. Thraustochytrids (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulomycetes) are heterotrophic protists that are ubiquitous and abundant in marine and estuarine waters 3,4). They have the ability to produce relatively high biomass and DHA yield, compared with C. cohnii, and several studies concerning DHA production by thraustochytrids have been reported 5). Among thraustochytrids, the genera Thraustochytrium and Schizochytrium are the most investigated groups. Particularly, S. limacinum is known as an excellent DHAproducer and many studies about optimization of DHA production by this strain have been conducted 6-9). Recently, the taxonomic status of the genus Schizochytrium was redefined, and the genus is now classified into three taxa, i.e., Schizochytrium sensu stricto, Aurantiochytrium and Oblongichytrium 10). S. limacinum was reassigned to the genus A. limacinum. In the present study, we determined optimum growth conditions (carbon source, seawater concentration and seawater component) for growth by a marine thraustochytrid strain mh0186, identified as A. limacinum based on the sequence information of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and 623
Towards a Sustainable Route for the Production of Squalene Using Cyanobacteria
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2018
Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater is a huge industrial problem. The use of an algae biorefinery platform could be a sustainable technological alternative that produces value-added compounds instead of dumping the wastewater. For this reason, this research aimed to evaluate squalene production from the microalgae Phormidium autumnale cultivated using agroindustrial wastewater. A derivatization method was performed to determine the squalene and fatty acids content, evaluated by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry detectors. A total of 0.18 g/kg of squalene were found in the biomass, with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids (52%). Sensitivity analysis estimated production of 727-72,750 kg/year in industries with different capacities. In this sense, P. autumnale in agroindustrial wastewater could offer a potential alternative method of squalene production.
Marine Biotechnology, 2014
Heterotrophic growth of thraustochytrids has potential in coproducing biodiesel for transportation, as well as producing a feedstock for omega-3 long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for use in nutraceuticals. In this study, we compared eight new endemic Australian thraustochytrid strains from the genera Aurantiochytrium, Schizochytrium, Thraustochytrium, and Ulkenia for the synthesis of exopolysaccharide (EPS), in addition to biodiesel and LC-PUFA. Aurantiochytrium sp. strains readily utilized glucose for biomass production, and increasing glucose from 2 to 4 % w/v of the culture medium resulted in increased biomass yield by an average factor of 1.7. Ulkenia sp. strain TC 010 and Thraustochytrium sp. strain TC 033 did not utilize glucose, while Schizochytrium sp. strain TC 002 utilized less than half the glucose available by day 14, and Thraustochytrium sp. strain TC 004 utilized glucose at 4 % w/v but not 2 % w/v of the culture suggesting a threshold requirement between these values. Across all strains, increasing glucose from 2 to 4 % w/v of the culture medium resulted in increased total fatty acid methyl ester content by an average factor of 1.9. Despite an increasing literature demonstrating the capacity of thraustochytrids for DHA synthesis, the production of EPS from these organisms is not well documented. A broad range of EPS yields was observed. The maximum yield of EPS was observed for Schizochytrium sp. strain TC 002 (299 mg/L). High biomass-producing strains that also have high lipid and high EPS yield may be better candidates for commercial production of biofuels and other coproducts.
Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 2021
Thraustochytrids such as Aurantiochytrium are heterotrophic and produce valuable fatty acids (FAs) and therefore expected as a tool for removal of organic compounds in wastewater and simultaneous production of FAs. The four strains of Aurantiochytrium sp. were isolated from the mangrove leaf samples, and among these the strain L3W showed the high specific growth rate of 0.27 1/h at 25°C. In addition, this strain grew at the ranges of temperature from 15°C to 35°C, pH from 3 to 9, and salinity from 0.3 to 70 PSU. Under the optimal condition of 25°C, 30 PSU, and pH7, the strain L3W produced 270 mg/g of FAs including 135 mg/g of docosahexaenoic acid, 11 mg/g of pentadecanoic acid and 9.3 mg/g of margaric acid. Furthermore, the strain L3W produced these FAs at pH3 and pH9. The pH and salinity tolerance of the strain L3W might be advantageous in its application for production of valuable FAs under competition with other microorganisms in unsterile wastewater.
Heliyon, 2020
The thraustochytrid are marine heterotrophic protists that are widely distributed in the marine world. They are characterized by producing and accumulating great amount of lipids in their cells, especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), highlighting the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4, n-6), as well as pigments of interest for human health and animal nutrition, such as carotenoids. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and characterize three natives isolated of thraustochytrids and assess the potential of the by-products of the manufacture of beer (RB) and protein extraction of Lupine flour (RL) as complex carbon sources to produce biomass, lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Three native strains of thraustochytrid (AS5-B2, IQ81 y VAL-B1), isolated from Chilean coastal waters were morphologically and genetically identified as thraustochytrid. For the determination of biomass production cultures were quantified by gravimetry and the fatty acids quantification and identification were carried out by gas chromatography (GC-FID). Our results show that the culture with any sources of complex carbon used, increased significantly the production of both biomass and total lipids in the strains IQ81 and VAL-B1, compared to glucose as pure carbon source. On the other hand, strain AS5-B2 showed a decrease in the total production of lipids in RB compared to the pure carbon source. For the production of fatty acids, the strains IQ81 and VAL-B1 showed a significant increase in DHA when growing in RB. In conclusion strains IQ81 and VAL-B1 can be used to biotransform industrial waste, such as RB and RL, into a more valuable product such as DHA, EPA, ARA and lipids.
2021
Thraustochytrids such as Aurantiochytrium are heterotrophic and produce valuable fatty acids (FAs) and therefore expected as a tool for removal of organic compounds in wastewater and simultaneous production of FAs. The four strains of Aurantiochytrium sp. were isolated from the mangrove leaf samples, and among these the strain L3W showed the high specific growth rate of 0.27 1/h at 25°C. In addition, this strain grew at the ranges of temperature from 15°C to 35°C, pH from 3 to 9, and salinity from 0.3 to 70 PSU. Under the optimal condition of 25°C, 30 PSU, and pH7, the strain L3W produced 270 mg/g of FAs including 135 mg/g of docosahexaenoic acid, 11 mg/g of pentadecanoic acid and 9.3 mg/g of margaric acid. Furthermore, the strain L3W produced these FAs at pH3 and pH9. The pH and salinity tolerance of the strain L3W might be advantageous in its application for production of valuable FAs under competition with other microorganisms in unsterile wastewater.