The Impact of the State-Level Concept on “Newcomers”: A Case Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (original) (raw)

This paper examines the implications of the state-level concept (SLC) in the context of 'newcomers' to nuclear energy, focusing on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It discusses the evolution of nuclear safeguards, particularly the integrated safeguards (IS) and the Additional Protocol (AP), which aim to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of international oversight. Emphasizing the necessity for appropriate safeguards before implementing civilian nuclear programs, the study outlines various scenarios of nuclear fuel cycles and the specific challenges faced by newcomers to ensure compliance with non-proliferation norms.