Physical Activity Improves the Metabolic Risk Profiles in Men and Women (original) (raw)
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Effect of leisure time physical activity on blood lipid levels: the ATTICA study
Coronary Artery Disease, 2003
Objective We aimed to evaluate the effect of leisure time physical activity on blood lipid levels, in a random sample of cardiovascular disease-free individuals from the Attica basin. Design and methods The ATTICA study is a populationbased cohort, which during 2001-2002 randomly enrolled 2772 men (n = 1376, 45 ± 12 years old) and women (n = 1396, 45 ± 13 years old). Physical activity status was evaluated through intensity (kcal/min expended per day), frequency (per week) and duration (min). Multivariate data analysis evaluated the association of blood lipids with physical activity levels. Results 578 (42%) men and 584 (40%) women were physically active. Compared to sedentary women, physically active women had lower levels of total cholesterol (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P < 0.05), oxidized LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05), triglycerides (P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein B (P < 0.05) and higher levels of highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (P < 0.05). Similar associations were observed in men, but they did not reach statistical significance. However, after adjustments for age, smoking habits, body mass index and dietary intake were made, the effect of physical activity on blood lipids remained statistically significant only for HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05) and apolipoprotein A1 (P < 0.05) levels in women. Moreover , physical activity was associated with lower total cholesterol levels both in nonsmoker men (-7%, P = 0.032) and nonsmoker women (-2%, P = 0.064) and lower triglyceride levels in nonsmoker men (-15%, P = 0.086) and nonsmoker women (-9%, P = 0.036). Conclusions Although almost all blood lipids were inversely associated with physical activity status, only HDLcholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 concentrations were significantly affected by exercise in women. Coron Artery Dis 14:533-539 c 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Amount and Intensity of Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Serum Lipids in Men
Physical activity improves one's lipid profile and increases physical fitness. The present study was aimed at determining the association of amount and intensity of leisure time physical activity with serum lipid profile and physical fitness. A total of 537 healthy men aged 20-60 years were recruited in a quota sampling frame for measurement of physical activity energy expenditure at two different levels. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured, and all participants were given an exercise test. Physical activities with an intensity greater than 7 kcal/minute were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with a higher level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a lower atherogenic index (total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol). Independently of other confounding variables, each average 100 kcal/day expended in leisure time physical activity with an intensity greater than 7 kcal/minute during the previous year was associated with an increase of 2.09 mg/dl (0.054 mmol/liter) in HDL cholesterol and a decrease of 0.23 in atherogenic index. However, only physical activity with an intensity greater than 9 kcal/minute was associated with decreases in total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and log(triglycerides). Better physical fitness was associated with physical activities of intensities above 5 kcal/minute. There is a threshold in the intensity of exercise associated with serum lipid profile (7 kcal/minute) and physical fitness (5 kcal/minute). Above the former threshold, the relation between amount of physical activity and lipid levels is linear for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and atherogenic index and is logarithmic for triglycerides. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143:562-9.
Journal of Research & Health, 2020
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality. This research investigated the relationship between physical activity, lipid profile, and new anthropometric cardiovascular risk factors among men. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 adult men (30-50 years old) who were selected randomly from 250 men called by public announcement. Standard methods were used to measure their anthropometric indices and then they were asked to complete the Baecke questionnaire. ANOVA was used to compare basic anthropometric and clinical characteristics in different age groups followed by Tukey's posthoc test. A correlation of anthropometric measurements with glucose and lipid parameters was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: The Mean ±SD age of the participants was 39.8±0.5 years. Their Mean±SD Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.6±0.3 kg/m 2 with a Mean±SD Neck Circumference (NC) of 38.4±0.1 cm, and Mean±SD Wrist Circumference (WRC) of 17.4±0.0 cm. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups concerning height, BMI, WRC, and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG). The NC showed statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), triglyceride (r=0.1, P=0.033), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (r=-0.2, P=0.007) and Physical Activity (PA) (r=-0.1, P=0.020). Also the WRC had statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), height (r=0.1, P=0.021) and HDL (r=-0.1, P=0.024). Conclusion: Measuring NC like other methods was a potential assessment tool of cardiovascular risk factors and can be used for epidemiological studies. Also, WRC had no significant relation. However, WRC's negative correlation with HDL was very important and can indicate the health status of individuals.
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality. This research investigated the relationship between physical activity, lipid profile, and new anthropometric cardiovascular risk factors among men. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 155 adult men (30-50 years old) who were selected randomly from 250 men called by public announcement. Standard methods were used to measure their anthropometric indices and then they were asked to complete the Baecke questionnaire. ANOVA was used to compare basic anthropometric and clinical characteristics in different age groups followed by Tukey's posthoc test. A correlation of anthropometric measurements with glucose and lipid parameters was determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level. Results: The Mean ±SD age of the participants was 39.8±0.5 years. Their Mean±SD Body Mass Index (BMI) was 25.6±0.3 kg/m 2 with a Mean±SD Neck Circumference (NC) of 38.4±0.1 cm, and Mean±SD Wrist Circumference (WRC) of 17.4±0.0 cm. There was a statistically significant difference between age groups concerning height, BMI, WRC, and Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG). The NC showed statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), triglyceride (r=0.1, P=0.033), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (r=-0.2, P=0.007) and Physical Activity (PA) (r=-0.1, P=0.020). Also the WRC had statistically significant correlation with weight (r=0.7, P<0.001), height (r=0.1, P=0.021) and HDL (r=-0.1, P=0.024). Conclusion: Measuring NC like other methods was a potential assessment tool of cardiovascular risk factors and can be used for epidemiological studies. Also, WRC had no significant relation. However, WRC's negative correlation with HDL was very important and can indicate the health status of individuals.
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2007
Background: It is well established that physical activity level is inversely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and with all-cause mortality. However, the dose-response relationship between physical activity and other cardiovascular disease risk factors is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to explore the dose-response relationship between daily physical activity, as measured by a metabolic equivalent score, and BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Methods: A total of 1693 men and women, 33-64 years of age, from the 3 year follow-up of a population-based intervention study, were included in this cross-sectional study. Information on physical activity and other lifestyle factors was obtained by self-report questionnaire. Associations between activity level and biological variables were explored by general linear regression. Results: Data from 835 (51%) men and 805 (49%) women were included. Mean age was 50.8 years (33-64). A significant inverse association between average 24hour physical activity level £ 45 METs and waist circumference (men p = 0.012, women p = 0.011), BMI (p = 0.0004), waist-hip-ratio (p = 0.002) and triglycerides (p = 0.0001) was found as well as a positive association with HDL (p = <0.0001). In those with an activity level above 45 METs there were no associations. No association was found with total cholesterol, LDL, systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This study suggests a linear dose-response relationship between activity level and certain biological cardiovascular risk factors up to a threshold of a daily 24 h MET-score of 45, which corresponds to a moderate physical activity level.
Atherosclerosis, 2011
Objectives: To investigate associations between physical (in)activity at different life-stages and lipids in mid-adulthood, examining the role of potential confounding and mediating factors, such as adiposity. Methods: Data from the 1958 British birth cohort (n = 7824) were examined. Using linear regression, we analysed prospectively reported frequency of activity and TV-viewing (23, 33, 42 and 45 y) in relation to total, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, at 45 y. Results: Activity at different ages was associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides at 45 y: e.g. in men, a 1 day/week greater activity frequency at 42 y was associated with 0.006 mmol/L higher HDLcholesterol and 1.4% lower triglycerides. Most associations attenuated, but were not entirely explained by adjustment for covariates (life-styles and socio-economic factors): e.g. among men, the estimated 2.0% lower triglycerides per 1 day/week greater frequency at 33 y reduced to 1.8% after adjustment. Among women, though not men, activity at both 23 and 45 y contributed cumulatively to HDL-cholesterol. For sedentary behaviour, associations were found for sitting at work: a 1 h/day greater sitting among men was associated with a 0.012 mmol/L lower HDL-cholesterol after adjustment for covariates. Associations were seen for TV-viewing: e.g. in men, a 0.04 mmol/L lower HDL-cholesterol and 5.9% higher triglycerides per hour/day greater TV-viewing at 45 y, attenuated, respectively, to 0.03 mmol/L and 4.6% after adjustment for covariates. Associations attenuated further after adjustment for current BMI. Associations for total and LDL-cholesterol were less consistent. Conclusion: Activity and sedentary behaviour at different adult ages were associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in mid-adulthood. Associations were partly mediated by other life-style factors and by BMI.
Lipid Profile in Men and Women with Different Levels in Sport Participation and Physical Activity
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyse the lipid profile in men and women differentiated according to energy expenditure during sports participation (EE SPORT ), energy expenditure during active leisure time (EE ALT ) and overall energy expenditure (EE TOTAL ). Design: The subjects were grouped by sex, age, EE SPORT , EE ALT and EE TOTAL . Group differences were analysed using analyses of covariance with BMI and alcohol consumption as covariates. Setting: Physical activity was assessed using the Flemish Physical Activity Computerised Questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken to measure total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratio TC:HDL-C. Subjects: The study sample consisted of 1170 Flemish men and women between 18 and 75 years of age. Results: Differences in lipid profile were observed in the younger age group (,45 years), all in favour of the most active group. More specifically, when differentiating by EE ALT and EE TOTAL , men had a healthier lipid profile for TAG, HDL-C and TC:HDL-C. Differentiation according to EE SPORT revealed the same significant results except for TAG. In women significant results for HDL-C, LDL-C and TC:HDL-C were found when differentiated by EE SPORT . Conclusions: Men and women ,45 years of age with higher levels of energy expenditure due to sport show a better lipid profile than their sedentary counterparts. When differentiating subjects according to energy expenditure during active leisure time or overall energy expenditure, only in men was a healthier lipid profile observed in favour of the most active subjects.
Journal of Chronic Diseases, 1986
AMtract-The relationships of physical activity to total HDL, HDL-2 and HDL-3 cholesterol were examined in 255 white postmenopausal women, mean age, 57.6 years. Physical activity was measured by the Paffenbarger Index (a composite index of walking, stair climbing and sports in the past week); by a modified Paffenbarger which included only sport activities; and by an objective activity monitor (LSI). Depending on which activity measure was used, different univariate relationships bet&en physical activity and the HDLcholesterol subfractions were noted. Physical activity, as measured by sport kcal/week or by objective monitors was related to HDL-2 cholesterol [r = 0.22 (p < O.Ol)] and [r = 0.19 (p < O.Ol)], respectively, but not to HDL-3 cholesterot. Physical activity, as measured by the Paffenbarger k&/week was only related to HDL-3 [r = 0.15 (p < O.OS)]. Multiple regression analyses revealed that sport activity was significantly related to total' HDL and HDL-2 cholesterol. Activity as measured by objective monitors was not independently related to either HDL-total or HDL-2. Activity as measured by the Paffenbarger kcal/week was an independent determinant of HDL-3, after controlling for body fatness. Insulin, caloric intake and liver function were analyzed as possible underlying mechanisms, but we could not demonstrate any mediating or interacting effect on any of these mechanisms for the association of HDLtholesterol to physical activity.