Binge Drinking, Reflection Impulsivity, and Unplanned Sexual Behavior: Impaired Decision-Making in Young Social Drinkers (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of impulsivity and decision making in early and late-onset alcohol addiction
Evaluation of impulsivity and decision making in early and late-onset alcohol addiction Objective: In this study we aimed to compare impulsivity and decision-making (DM) in early and late-onset alcohol addicts and investigate the relation between impulsivity and DM. Method: In our study, impulsivity and DM were evaluated respectively with Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11) and Iowa Gambling Test (IGT) in total 55 alcohol addicted male patients, 27 of them were early onset and 28 were late onset. Early and late onset groups were compared in terms of Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS), alcohol amount that was consumed per day and the family history of alcoholism. Results: While only 33.3% of patients in early onset group were married, the patients in late onset group who were married were found to be 71.4%. There was a history of alcohol addiction respectively in the family of 66.6% of early onset group and of 39.3% of late onset group. In early onset group, attention and motor impulsivity were at more significant level than late onset group. In early onset group; OCDS score were at significant level more than late onset group. It was determined that there is no difference in terms of DM which was evaluated from the early stage to the last stage of IGT. Negative correlation was found between education period and attention impulsivity. Negative correlation was determined at significant level between age of regular alcohol usage, alcohol amount that was consumed per day, attention impulsivity and OCDS. Positive correlation was determined at significant level between alcohol amount which is used per day, attention, motor, non-planning impulsivity and OCDS. Increased amount of alcohol that was consumed per day and high OCDS score are effect attention impulsivity in regression analysis. Increased amount of alcohol that was consumed per day is effects motor impulsivity. Conclusion: While impulsivity in early-onset alcohol addicts is at more significant level than late-onset group, it was determined that there is no difference of DM between two groups.
Decision Making and Binge Drinking: A Longitudinal Study
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2007
Background: Behavioral decision making, as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is found to be diminished in individuals with substance dependence and other types of disinhibitory psychopathology. However, little is known regarding the relation between heavy alcohol use and decision-making skills in young adults. This study therefore investigated whether binge drinking is related to disadvantageous decision making, as measured by the IGT. We also examined the relation between decision making and impulsivity.
Impulsivity and alcohol consumption in young social drinkers
Addictive Behaviors
a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Impulsivity may have different facets that contribute to drinking patterns in young people. This research examined how aspects of impulse control, especially the ability to inhibit a response, predicted recent alcohol use patterns in young social drinkers. Participants (N = 109) between the ages of 18 and 21 performed a cued go/no-go task that required quick responses to go targets and the inhibition of responses to no-go targets. Participants also completed several questionnaires that assessed drinking habits (TLFB) and selfreported impulsivity (BIS-11). Regression analyses revealed that both the impulsivity questionnaire scores and the inhibitory failures observed on the behavioral task predicted various aspects of recent drinking. However, only the inhibitory failures from the behavioral task, and not the impulsivity questionnaire scores, predicted the highest number of drinks consumed on one occasion during the past month. These findings are consistent with the notion that impulsivity may have different components that may be contributing the drinking patterns, and this research suggests that the inability to withhold a response is a strong predictor of the binge use of alcohol.
Reflection impulsivity in binge drinking: behavioural and volumetric correlates
Addiction Biology, 2015
The degree to which an individual accumulates evidence prior to making a decision, also known as reflection impulsivity, can be affected in psychiatric disorders. Here, we study decisional impulsivity in binge drinkers, a group at elevated risk for developing alcohol use disorders, comparing two tasks assessing reflection impulsivity and a delay discounting task, hypothesizing impairments in both subtypes of impulsivity. We also assess volumetric correlates of reflection impulsivity focusing on regions previously implicated in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Sixty binge drinkers and healthy volunteers were tested using two different information-gathering paradigms: the beads task and the Information Sampling Task (IST). The beads task was analysed using a behavioural approach and a Bayesian model of decision making. Delay discounting was assessed using the Monetary Choice Questionnaire. Regression analyses of primary outcomes were conducted with voxel-based morphometry analyses. Binge drinkers sought less evidence prior to decision in the beads task compared with healthy volunteers in both the behavioural and computational modelling analysis. There were no group differences in the IST or delay discounting task. Greater impulsivity as indexed by lower evidence accumulation in the beads task was associated with smaller dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal volumes. In contrast, greater impulsivity as indexed by lower evidence accumulation in the IST was associated with greater dorsal cingulate and precuneus volumes. Binge drinking is characterized by impaired reflection impulsivity suggesting a deficit in deciding on the basis of future outcomes that are more difficult to represent. These findings emphasize the role of possible therapeutic interventions targeting decisionmaking deficits.
Neuropsychological assessment of impulsive behavior in abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 2009
OBJECTIVE: Poor impulse control is thought to be one of the characteristics of alcohol addiction. The capacity to remain abstinent may be linked to cognitive bias related to three dimensions of impulsivity: motor, non-planning, and attentional impulsivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuropsychological profile related to these impulsivity dimensions in alcohol-dependent patients within 15 -120 days of abstinence. METHOD: We compared 31 alcohol-dependent patients to 30 matched healthy controls regarding their performances on the Continuous Performance Task, the Iowa Gambling Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, each of which is thought to tax primarily one of the three dimensions of impulsivity just outlined. RESULTS: When compared to controls, alcohol-dependent patients presented more commission errors on the Continuous Performance Task; made more disadvantageous choices on the Iowa Gambling Test; and made more perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting T...
Impulsiveness and compulsiveness in alcoholics and nonalcoholics
Addictive Behaviors, 2000
Impulsiveness and compulsiveness questionnaires were completed by recovering alcoholics (n ϭ 54) and by a community sample (n ϭ 351). No relationship was found, indicating these traits are independent, distinct constructs. Alcoholics scored significantly higher on impulsiveness than nonalcoholics, and impulsiveness was negatively associated with age for both groups. Interestingly, the significant difference between the two groups on impulsiveness was maintained across age groups. Alcoholic and nonalcoholic compulsiveness scores showed no difference; however, compulsiveness was negatively related to age in nonalcoholics, but not alcoholics.
Addiction, 2006
Aims To test the hypothesis that early-onset alcoholics (EOAs) can be differentiated from late-onset alcoholics (LOAs) by more severe substance-related problems and higher levels of impulsivity and aggression.Design and measurements A cross-sectional patient survey with a community comparison group. The European Addiction Severity Index was used to assess substance-related problems and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Dutch version of the Zuckermann Sensation Seeking Scale and the Buss–Durkee Hostility Inventory were used to assess impulsive and aggressive traits. Impulsive decision making was assessed using a delay discounting task (DDT) with hypothetical monetary rewards.Participants and setting Participants were EOAs (n = 42) and LOAs (n = 46) recruited from an addiction treatment centre and an unmatched, non-substance-abusing comparison group (n = 54).Findings The EOAs had higher levels of impulsive decision making than both the LOAs and the comparison group. The EOAs had higher scores than the LOAs on measures of impulsiveness, aggressiveness and the severity of substance-related problems.Conclusions This study provides evidence that EOAs are more impulsive and aggressive than LOAs. Further identification of alcoholism subtypes based on dimensions of impulsivity should be considered in the light of their relationship with pharmacological and behavioural treatment interventions.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2000
Background: Recent work suggests that 2 biologically based traits convey risk for alcohol misuse: reward sensitivity ⁄ drive and (rash) impulsiveness. However, the cognitive mechanisms through which these traits convey risk are unclear. This study tested a model predicting that the risk conveyed by reward sensitivity is mediated by a learning bias for the reinforcing outcomes of alcohol consumption (i.e., positive alcohol expectancy). The model also proposed that the risk conveyed by rash impulsiveness (RI) is mediated by drinkers' perceived ability to resist alcohol (i.e., drinking refusal self-efficacy).