Peter, the Visionary before the Pope: Early Receptions of the Apostle in Marginal Communities (original) (raw)
Rethinking the Apostle Peter’s Role in the Early Church
2012
The goal of the Interpreter Foundation is to increase understanding of scripture through careful scholarly investigation and analysis of the insights provided by a wide range of ancillary disciplines, including language, history, archaeology, literature, culture, ethnohistory, art, geography, law, politics, philosophy, etc. Interpreter will also publish articles advocating the authenticity and historicity of LDS scripture and the Restoration, along with scholarly responses to critics of the LDS faith. We hope to illuminate, by study and faith, the eternal spiritual message of the scriptures-that Jesus is the Christ. Although the Board fully supports the goals and teachings of the Church, Interpreter Foundation is an independent entity and is neither owned, controlled by nor affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or with Brigham Young University. All research and opinions provided on this site are the sole responsibility of their respective authors, and should not be interpreted as the opinions of the Board, nor as official statements of LDS doctrine, belief or practice.
Peter the Venerable and the New World Order: Peter the Venerable and the New World Order
Early Medieval Europe, 2005
Societies and individuals construct and define their relationships to that which they deem 'other' according to their understanding of themselves. Implicit or explicit in any definition and categorization of 'otherness' is a parallel understanding of that which pertains to oneself, a principle of ordering of the world according to 'same' and 'different'. It is in this respect that Dominique Iogna-Prat's Order and Exclusion: Cluny and Christendom Face Heresy, Judaism, and Islam is such a welcome and needed contribution to the body of scholarship that seeks to uncover how medieval Christians dealt with the non-Christians in their midst. For Iogna-Prat begins his study of how Peter the Venerable handled his Jewish, Muslim, and heterodox religious competitors by examining how Peter's Cluny interpreted its place in the world order as a reflection of the order constituted by the broader Christian society. This idea of 'Christendom' as an all-encompassing social order contiguous with the church itself -as a 'spatial and structural entity that ordered an entire society', 1 believers and unbelievers -was founded on early medieval ideas of Creation as an ordered hierarchy influenced by the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius and on the tripartite schema of warriors, priests, and workers revived in the Carolingian period. Iogna-Prat shows how political theology subsumed these orders under one clerical order, with the papacy at its apex. Having laid down this foundation, the author goes on to show the consequences of this sociology for those groups now deemed outside and challenging to the order of Christendom. Iogna-Prat demonstrates how Peter the Venerable, emerging from this tradition and building on this Cluniac and Christian self-identity, used its conceptions of order to attack the anti-ecclesiological heresies of the Petrobrusians, the anti-rationality and therefore questionable humanity of the Jews, and the immorality of the Muslims, in an effort 1 D.
2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter: Towards a New Perspective
2 Peter and the Apocalypse of Peter: Towards a New Perspective, 2019
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2019
Contributors include: Richard Bauckham, Jan Bremmer, Terrance Callan, Paul Foster, Jeremy Hultin, Tobias Nicklas, David Nienhuis, and Martin Ruf. Uploaded here is the preliminary matter and introductory chapter.
2023
This paper delves into the transformative narrative of Peter’s conversion as depicted in Acts 10. The study analyzes the literary and theological aspects of this pivotal event in early Christianity. The paper explores the significance of Peter's encounter with Cornelius, a Gentile, and the subsequent theological shifts within the early Jewish Christian community. The analysis dissects the Old Testament allusions, highlighting parallels with prophets like Jonah and Ezekiel, emphasizing the profound nature of Peter's vision and its implications. The analysis delves deep into the theological implications, focusing on the breakdown of traditional Jewish dietary laws and the inclusion of Gentiles into God's covenantal family. Additionally, the paper addresses the ecumenical aspects, emphasizing the communal significance of shared meals and its role in breaking down cultural and ethnic barriers within the early Church. This work offers a comprehensive exploration of Peter’s conversion, providing valuable insights into the broader theological and social implications of this narrative in the early Christian context.
Chapter 2. JESUS CHRIST AND APOSTLE PETER
Protopresbyter Gavrilo Kostelnik. Apostle Peter and the Roman popes, or the dogmatic foundations of the papacy, 1931
Nothing is more alien to Christ, to His Gospel, than the ideology of the papacy. These are contrasts that exclude each other, like warm and cold. Concepts such as "іиз" (law), "ргівсіісііо" (jurisdiction), "ге^ішеп" (administration), which form the psychological-logical basis of the papal faith, have no place in Christ's Gospel; they are excluded from the evangelical spirit as characteristics of the "pagans" (nations unfamiliar with God's revelation).
The Early Reception and Appropriation of the Apostle Peter (60-800 CE), 2020
This paper will examine the early development of the cult of St Peter as martyr in Rome and its relationship to martyr cult in general as it was elaborated in the city before the seventh century. In so doing it will review the ways in which the earliest texts relating to the cult illustrate how this evolving tradition was anchored in Rome through the attachment of various episodes in the life of Peter to specific sites within the city, sites often of long-standing and exceptional importance in Roman public life. In its early phases, the Petrine cult is often intertwined with that of Paul, so where necessary they will be considered together. The biblical account of the two apostles focuses upon their pastoral and preaching activities, their missionary work and their teaching. Peter and Paul derive their status not from their deaths but from their commissioning as messengers, the one by Christ in his earthly life, the other after Christ's crucifixion on the road to Damascus. The earliest indications that both were thought to have died for their beliefs date from the late first century but give no details of the circumstances in which they met their end.1 By the late second century, however, Tertullian could claim that both had been martyred in Rome, Peter crucified like Christ and Paul beheaded like John the Baptist. Early acta were presumably in existence by then and indeed seem to have been expressly mentioned by Tertullian.2
Reading First Peter in the Context of Early Christian Mission
Tyndale Bulletin
This paper argues that 1 Peter should be read against the background of early Christian mission. The readers of 1 Peter have a predominantly Gentile background. The letter assures these Gentile Christians that they now share the status and spiritual privileges of Israel. However, this cherished status also includes an existence as exiles and strangers in the world they live in. This experience was hitherto unknown to them. As God's people they have a new task: to share their faith in Christ by conduct and by word. Their experience of slander and persecutions cannot and need not bring their calling into question but is part and parcel of being God's people in the world.
Evangelical Review of Theology, 2019
We have heard from Ruth Padilla DeBorst [the previous speaker] how the relationships between Paul, Philemon and Onesimus shaped a new category of personal relations. I want to extend this idea a step further and suggest that this story shows that encounters and relationships also improve our theology and our worldview.
Chapter 4. Holy Fathers about the Apostle Peter
Protopresbyter Gavrilo Kostelnik. Apostle Peter and the Roman popes, or the dogmatic foundations of the papacy, 1931
Christ's words "you are a rock, and on this rock..." are explained by the general body of the Holy Fathers in the same way as we have explained them. We have followed the Holy Fathers, and have only developed their explanations psychologically and logically. The explanation of these words of Christ in the sense of Roman dogmatics, as we shall see shortly, comes from the Roman popes themselves, who put forward and propagated this concept for their own benefit. Therefore, the voice of the popes here cannot in any way be considered an objective testimony, because "nemo iudex in propria causa" (no one is a judge in his own case). And the Holy Fathers-those who were independent of the popes-when they heard this explanation of theirs, either mocked it or explicitly called it a deception. From the first 250 years we have no news of the primacy of the Roman bishops on the basis of Peter's succession. Ignatius and Irenaeus, although they speak of the prominent position of the Roman Church, do not derive this from the Petrine succession of the Roman bishops, but express their recognition of the Roman Church because "the Roman Church is the largest and oldest (of course, in the West) and is known to all" (Irenaeus)(1). 50 About the Epistle of Pope Clement I, we will say at the end of the book. If the belief in the primacy of the Roman bishop on the basis of Peter's succession was really of apostolic origin, then it could decisively manifest itself in various documents before 250 AD, just as, for example, the belief in the Divinity of Christ, in baptism, the Eucharist, etc. manifested itself. However, here there is a gap of almost 200 years, which no Roman inventions can bridge! Indeed, already Pope Victor I (192-202) in the "Easter dispute" behaved with the Asian bishops as one who appropriates the first word in the Church, and wanted to excommunicate the Asians from it, but he was pacified by Irenaeus of Lyon. Whether Victor referred to any higher authority of his own thanks to Peter's succession, we do not know. But it is certain that at that time even in Rome itself they did not think in such categories-at least not at all. This can be witnessed by the unknown author of the apocryphal books of the epistles of Pope Clement I to the Apostle James and the religious novel "Recognition", written in the first quarter of the 3rd century.
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES AND LITERARY RECORDS RELATED TO THE APOSTLE PETER
This research examines the apostle Peter’s life from the time Jesus called him into ministry until his death. A chronological approach to Peter’s travels clarifies his location at key places along his timeline. Key historical events, artifacts, and individuals corroborate the biblical record. Some specific alternative viewpoints also illustrate the difficulties encountered when attempting to accurately evaluate Peter’s movements. Scholars differ regarding certain details, but by synthesizing all the available data a clearer Petrine timeline appears. This paper seeks to establish Peter’s entire ministry journey using a chronological structure developed through available archaeological discoveries and literary records.
This is another paper in a series of papers that is like an opening argument made before a jury. It does not (necessarily; this paper does some) present forensic proof; it provides the global argument that the prosecuting attorney makes into which he plans, in the presentation of his full argument, to make his case. My full argument can be found in The Jonas Genre, From Exodus to Eisodus, and A Vesture Dipped in Blood. But not everyone wants to slog through a mass of data - especially without hearing the opening argument, which proposes solutions and how they will be derived. In this paper, I propose that 1st Peter is written by a partially converted Apostle. There are some who argue that 1st Peter and 2nd Peter are so dissimilar that they can't be written by the same person. My linguistic analysis says that they definitely were. I do not present that case in this paper, but I will. But unless the jury knows that there is a problem between 1st Peter and 2nd Peter, they will not be able to appreciate an argument other then: 'they can't possibly be written by the same person.'
Review on the Invention of Peter.pdf
2017
David W. Kim, (Review). ‘The Invention of Peter: Apostolic Discourse and Papal Authority in Late Antiquity. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.) Print, 262 pp., £24.99, ISBN: 9780812223699.’ CERAE: An Australian Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 4, vol. (2017) Online, pp. 1-4.