Image schemas in cognitive linguistics: Introduction (original) (raw)
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2014. On defining image schemas. Language and Cognition 6:4. 510-532.
In this theoretical paper we propose three diff erent kinds of cognitive structure that have not been diff erentiated in the psychological and cognitive linguistic literatures. They are spatial primitives , image schemas , and schematic integrations . Spatial primitives are the fi rst conceptual building blocks formed in infancy, image schemas are simple spatial stories built from them, and schematic integrations use the fi rst two types to build concepts that include non-spatial elements, such as force and emotion. These diff erent kinds of structure have all come under the umbrella term of ‘image schemas’. However, they diff er in their content, developmental origin, imageability, and role in meaning construction in language and in thought. The present paper indicates how preverbal conceptualization needs to be taken into account for a complete understanding of image schemas and their uses. It provides examples to illustrate this infl uence, the most important of these being the primacy of imageable spatial information.
The Linguistic Image of the World and Image Schemas: an attempt at their delimitation and comparison
2020
This article is a review of a few essential aspects of one of the famous Slavic linguistic schools-the Polish ethnolinguistic school of Lublin. This school developed the theory of językowy obraz świata (in Polish) or jazykovaja kartina mira (in Russian), which is generally translated in English as 'Linguistic Image of the World' (LIW). The Linguistic Image of the World takes into account the sociocultural embeddedness of language and cognition. We will compare this theory with embodiment models-Image Schemas. The paper is organised in four parts: (1) a brief review of relevant studies related to the Theory of Linguistic Image of the World; (2) an introduction to some essential aspects of Image Schemas, as representative of the standard Cognitive Linguistics approach, together with a brief analysis of some examples; (3) a description of LIW, highlighting some basic notions such as the stereotype and clarifying its relationship with the prototype; and (4) conclusions on the central role of culture in the process of conceptualization. Keywords: Linguistic image of the world, image schema, prototype, stereotype, cognitive definition. [es] La imagen lingüística del mundo y esquemas de imagen: un intento de delimitación y comparación Resumen. Este artículo es una revisión de los aspectos esenciales de una de las célebres escuelas lingüísticas eslavas: la escuela etnolingüística polaca de Lublin. Esta escuela desarrolló la teoría de językowy obraz świata (en polaco) o jazykovaja kartina mira (en ruso), que se suele traducir en inglés como "Linguistic Image of the World" (LIW). La Imagen Lingüística del Mundo tiene en cuenta la posición sociocultural del lenguaje y de la cognición. Compararemos esta teoría con los modelos corporeizados: Esquemas de Imagen. El artículo está organizado en cuatro apartados: (1) estudios relevantes de la Teoría de la Imagen Lingüística del Mundo; (2) introducción a algunos aspectos esenciales de los Esquemas de Imagen, como representante del enfoque estándar de Lingüística Cognitiva, junto a un breve análisis de algunos ejemplos; (3) descripción de la Imagen Lingüística del Mundo, destacando algunas nociones básicas como el estereotipo y aclarando su relación con el prototipo; y (4) conclusiones sobre el papel central de la cultura en el proceso de conceptualización. Palabras clave: Imagen lingüística del mundo, esquema de imagen, prototipo, estereotipo, definición cognitiva.
The Image of Grammar and the Grammar of Image
Przekładaniec
The paper deals with the relation between verbal expressions and mental images. As claimed by cognitive linguists, "understanding a verbal message" requires that two kinds of mental imagery be evoked: rich images, which are encoded in individual lexemes, and schematic images, conventionally related to grammatical structures. Based upon this principle, an analysis of a Polish poem and its English translation is carried out, in order to demonstrate that a complicated interplay between the two kinds of mental imagery underlies the texts and accounts for their interpretation.
Studies in linguistics and cognition
2012
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Cognitive study of image schemas in a poem by Fereydoon Moshiri
The present study aims at analyzing image schemas in a poem by Fereydoon Moshiri called "koocheh"(The Lane). Image schemas as mentioned by Johnson (1987) are conceptual structures derived from physical experiences, cultural background and ideology of a nation. All human beings have access to a universal collection of image schemas, such as containment, path and force schemas. But culturally image schemas are represented differently in languages. It is essential to mention that conceptual structures are not just used in poetry but, in everyday language as well. The analysis of the poem "koocheh"(The Lane) by Fereydoon Moshiri as the corpus of this article shows that some linguistic forms are connected with some schemas; some special prepositions with containment schema, verbs (or nouns derived from them) containing the concept of motion with path schema, and verbs (or nouns derived from such verbs) containing the concept of power accompanied by two nouns with force schema.
Cognitive Linguistics 2015; 26(1): 31 – 60
2016
Vision verbs dominate in conversation across cultures, but the ranking of non-visual verbs varies Abstract: To what extent does perceptual language reflect universals of experi-ence and cognition, and to what extent is it shaped by particular cultural preoc-cupations? This paper investigates the universality~relativity of perceptual lan-guage by examining the use of basic perception terms in spontaneous conversation across 13 diverse languages and cultures. We analyze the frequency of perception words to test two universalist hypotheses: that sight is always a dominant sense, and that the relative ranking of the senses will be the same across different cul-tures. We find that references to sight outstrip references to the other senses, sug-gesting a pan-human preoccupation with visual phenomena. However, the rela-tive frequency of the other senses was found to vary cross-linguistically. Cultural
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