Image schemas in cognitive linguistics: Introduction (original) (raw)

2014. On defining image schemas. Language and Cognition 6:4. 510-532.

In this theoretical paper we propose three diff erent kinds of cognitive structure that have not been diff erentiated in the psychological and cognitive linguistic literatures. They are spatial primitives , image schemas , and schematic integrations . Spatial primitives are the fi rst conceptual building blocks formed in infancy, image schemas are simple spatial stories built from them, and schematic integrations use the fi rst two types to build concepts that include non-spatial elements, such as force and emotion. These diff erent kinds of structure have all come under the umbrella term of ‘image schemas’. However, they diff er in their content, developmental origin, imageability, and role in meaning construction in language and in thought. The present paper indicates how preverbal conceptualization needs to be taken into account for a complete understanding of image schemas and their uses. It provides examples to illustrate this infl uence, the most important of these being the primacy of imageable spatial information.

The Linguistic Image of the World and Image Schemas: an attempt at their delimitation and comparison

2020

This article is a review of a few essential aspects of one of the famous Slavic linguistic schools-the Polish ethnolinguistic school of Lublin. This school developed the theory of językowy obraz świata (in Polish) or jazykovaja kartina mira (in Russian), which is generally translated in English as 'Linguistic Image of the World' (LIW). The Linguistic Image of the World takes into account the sociocultural embeddedness of language and cognition. We will compare this theory with embodiment models-Image Schemas. The paper is organised in four parts: (1) a brief review of relevant studies related to the Theory of Linguistic Image of the World; (2) an introduction to some essential aspects of Image Schemas, as representative of the standard Cognitive Linguistics approach, together with a brief analysis of some examples; (3) a description of LIW, highlighting some basic notions such as the stereotype and clarifying its relationship with the prototype; and (4) conclusions on the central role of culture in the process of conceptualization. Keywords: Linguistic image of the world, image schema, prototype, stereotype, cognitive definition. [es] La imagen lingüística del mundo y esquemas de imagen: un intento de delimitación y comparación Resumen. Este artículo es una revisión de los aspectos esenciales de una de las célebres escuelas lingüísticas eslavas: la escuela etnolingüística polaca de Lublin. Esta escuela desarrolló la teoría de językowy obraz świata (en polaco) o jazykovaja kartina mira (en ruso), que se suele traducir en inglés como "Linguistic Image of the World" (LIW). La Imagen Lingüística del Mundo tiene en cuenta la posición sociocultural del lenguaje y de la cognición. Compararemos esta teoría con los modelos corporeizados: Esquemas de Imagen. El artículo está organizado en cuatro apartados: (1) estudios relevantes de la Teoría de la Imagen Lingüística del Mundo; (2) introducción a algunos aspectos esenciales de los Esquemas de Imagen, como representante del enfoque estándar de Lingüística Cognitiva, junto a un breve análisis de algunos ejemplos; (3) descripción de la Imagen Lingüística del Mundo, destacando algunas nociones básicas como el estereotipo y aclarando su relación con el prototipo; y (4) conclusiones sobre el papel central de la cultura en el proceso de conceptualización. Palabras clave: Imagen lingüística del mundo, esquema de imagen, prototipo, estereotipo, definición cognitiva.

Method and Analysis of Cognitive Linguistics

Baku Slavic University, Scientific works, Baku, 2018

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The Image of Grammar and the Grammar of Image

Przekładaniec

The paper deals with the relation between verbal expressions and mental images. As claimed by cognitive linguists, "understanding a verbal message" requires that two kinds of mental imagery be evoked: rich images, which are encoded in individual lexemes, and schematic images, conventionally related to grammatical structures. Based upon this principle, an analysis of a Polish poem and its English translation is carried out, in order to demonstrate that a complicated interplay between the two kinds of mental imagery underlies the texts and accounts for their interpretation.

Studies in linguistics and cognition

2012

Contents: Barbara Eizaga Rebollar/Jose Maria Garcia Nunez/ Maria Angelez Zarco Tejada: Preface - Maria Tadea Diaz Hormigo/Carmen Varo Varo: Neology and Cognition - Gerard Fernandez Smith/Marta Sanchez-Saus Laserna/Luis Escoriza Morera: Studies on Lexical Availability: The Current Situation and Some Future Prospects - Maria Luisa Mora Millan: Adverbs in the Internet Lexicon: New Modes of Signification - Maria Angeles Zarco Tejada: `Holding' Metaphorical Meaning from a Computational Linguistics Approach: The Verb Hold and its Counterparts in Spanish - Jose Maria Garcia Nunez: Attitude Verbs and Nominalization - Carmen Noya Gallardo: Cleft Sentences: Semantic Properties and Communicative Meanings - Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza Ibanez/Alicia Galera Masegosa: Metaphoric and Metonymic Complexes in Phrasal Verb Interpretation: Metaphoric Chains - Barbara Eizaga Rebollar: Meaning Adjustment Processes in Idiom Variants - Jose Luis Guijarro Morales: Beauty and Art in Science - Ana Isabel ...

Original Contributions -Originalbeiträge Figure-Ground Reversals in Language

This paper addresses the question of the role of meaning in perception in spatial semantics and its figure-ground alignments. At focus are congruent linguistic patterns of figure-ground reversals. This commonly known aspect in Gestalt psychology is not limited to visual processes only; it also applies to linguistic encoding patterns as will be shown in this paper for a selected sample of languages. It is argued here that the reversal patterns show the human capacity for constructing and relating objects in space depends not only on objectively given features, but subjective encoding decisions as well. The hypothesis is that the parallels between language and cognition indicate a bridging element between those levels of human organization. This element can be found in embodied cognition, arguably a crucial mediator between the two information levels. Data is presented from a perceptual-driven elicitation tool used on a small number of languages, some with a non-written tradition. A p...