Induction of ovulation by clomiphene citrate in the Indian vespertilionid bat,Scotophilus heathi (original) (raw)
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Fertility and Sterility, 2006
To determine whether clomiphene citrate (CC) inhibited gonadotropin-induced ovulation by reducing cyclic adenosine 3=,5=-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) levels in ovary. If so, to determine whether E 2 coadministration could protect against these effects of CC. Design: A controlled prospective study. Setting: Laboratory research setting in the department of reproductive biomedicine at a national research institute in India. Animal(s): Sixty sexually immature female rats that were 24 -25 days of age. Intervention(s): The sexually immature female rats were given a single injection (10 IU IM) of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. After 48 hours, the rats were given single injections of hCG (10 IU) along with CC, with or without E 2 , for 16 hours. Main Outcome Measure(s): Number of superovulated COCs, ovary and uterus weight, FSH and LH levels in serum, and cAMP and PGE 2 levels in ovary.
Induction of Ovulation with Clomiphene Citrate
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 1972
THE INTRODUCTION of human gonadot r o p i n s and clomiphene citrate has changed the therapeutic climate for many anovulatory patients. This paper presents results in 64 consecutive patients treated with clomiphene citrate, selected after careful preliminary investigation. These results are analyzed in terms of apparent ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, and incidence of side effects. The outcome of the pregnancies is also presented.
Effect of Clomiphene Citrate on Preovulatory Rat Follicles in Culture
Biology of Reproduction, 1982
The effect of clomiphene citrate was tested on rat preovulatory follicles in culture. Clomiphene inhibited both basal and luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated steroid accumulation. The dosedependent effect of clomiphene was much more pronounced on follicles cultured with LU; while 0.01 mM had no effect, 2 mM clomiphene decreased progesterone accumulation by 97%, estradiol-17(3 by 90% and testosterone by 65% (P<0.0O1). The inhibitory action of the drug was not prevented by addition of 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM) or pregnenolone (1 ng/ml) to the culture medium. Clomiphene (0.01-0.5 mM) induced the resumption of meiotic maturation even in LH-fnee medium in approximately 60% of follicle-enclosed oocytes. At the higher concentrations tested (0.1-0.5 mM) degenerative changes were noted in a high proportion of oocytes (30-40%). Follicles incubated for 24 h with clomiphene exhibited dose-dependent atretic-like changes. These effects of clomiphene on preovulatory follicles may account for the discrepancy between ovulation and pregnancy rates observed in women treated with clomiphene.
Clomiphene-induced ovulation in the 9-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
Laboratory Animals, 1980
8 armadillos each received 50 mg clomiphene citrate daily for 5 days. 7 of the animals showed an increase in plasma progesterone to a level indicative of ovulation (> 10 ng/ml) within 6 days of the last injection. In addition, the administration of clomiphene caused the urogenital smear pattern to change from dioestrous to oestrous.
The effect of clomiphene citrate on blastocyst development and implantation in the rabbit
Cell and Tissue Research, 1985
The induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) in human patients results in a high ovulation rate but achieves a relatively low pregnancy rate. To clarify the possible role of CC in interfering with the normal reproductive physiology and embryology, we have used our rabbit model and transferred 4-day-old blastocysts from untreated donors to CC-treated pseudopregnant recipients and from CC-treated donors to untreated pseudopregnant recipients to study embryonic development and implantation. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups, one receiving CC before and the other after ovulation. CC was administered subcutaneously in three consecutive doses of 10 mg/kg body weight. Ovulation was induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The implantation rate of the control group, evaluated on day 8 of pregnancy, reached 62.0%. When recipients were treated with CC before ovulation, implantation rate was reduced to 18.8% (P < 0.0002), and to 20.0% (P < 0.003) when CC was administered after ovulation. The implantation rate of blastocysts transferred from donors, treated before ovulation, is 22.2% (P < 0.0055), however, reached 70.8% when treatment was started after ovulation. All implantations were analysed microscopically and showed normal morphological features. Our results demonstrate a potential multiple effect of CC, first on the endometrium by altering its receptivity for the implanting conceptus, second, on tubal physiology by altering egg transport, and finally on ovum maturation before ovulation interfering with development of blastocysts. These parameters may all result in rapid decrease in establishment of implantations and in turn in very low pregnancy rates.
European Journal of Biology
Purpose: Clomiphene citrate (CC) is used in the management of infertile females. Estrus Cycle indices are good parameters for evaluating reproductive changes, while actual ova shed represents evidence of ovulation. This study is aimed at investigating how different doses of CC can affect the Estrus Cycle (EC), Estrus Cycle Ratio, (ECR), and ova shed (OS) in adult female rats. Methodology: Twenty-five (50) female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups. Group A was controlled while groups B, C, D, and E were treated groups. Group A received 0.5 ml of sterile water. Groups B, C, and D were given 0.2 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg respectively at diestrus. Group E was given 6mg/kg/day of CC dissolved in sterile water. The administration was done orally. A vaginal smear was evaluated for various estrus phases. ECR was calculated, and ova shed at the estrus phase was evaluated at autopsy. All data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significa...
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1984
Nonsurgical ovum transfer 10. Chang MC. Development and fate of transferred rabbit ova or blastocyst in relation to the ovulation time of recipients.J Exp ZooI1950;114:197a. 11. Webel SK, Peters JB, Anderson LL. Synchronous and asynchronous transfer of embryos in the pig. J Anim Sci 1970;30:565. 12. Moore NW, Shelton IN. Egg transfer in sheep. Effect of degree of synchronization between donor and recipient, age of egg, and site of transfer on the survival of transferred eggs. J Reprod FertilI964;7:145.
Embryo toxicity of clomiphene citrate on mouse embryos fertilized in vitro and in vivo
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1985
The effect of the ovulatory agent clomiphene citrate on fertilization and early embryogenesis was investigated with the use of in vitro fertilized mouse oocytes. Alterations in early embryogenesis with clomiphene citrate exposure were further studied with the use of embryos obtained from mouse oocytes fertilized in vivo. In the nontreated group, the fertilization rate was 81%, and 61% of the oocytes reached the blastocyst stage by 96 hours. Both fertilization and blastocyst formation declined in a dose-dependent fashion when clomiphene citrate was added to the culture media in concentrations ~10 J.Lg/ml (p < 0.001).