A Caliphate of Ideas? Islamic Politics in Dialogue with Contemporary Marxism (original) (raw)

Mir-Said Sultan-Galiev and the Idea of Muslim Marxism: Empire, Third World(s) and Praxis

Third World Quarterly, 2016

This paper revisits the idea of Muslim Marxism, as espoused through the life and work of the Tatar Muslim and Bolshevik intellectual and revolutionary Mir-Said Sultan-Galiev (1892-1940). I argue that Sultan-Galiev’s oeuvre – a unique synthesis of Marxist, Muslim modernist, anti-colonial and Third World praxis – represents a path-breaking take on Muslim selfhood and practices of belonging.

Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī Revisited: Reinvigorating the Emancipatory Potential of Post-Islamism

Religions

This article seeks to provide a framework for rereading the works of Sayyid Jamāl ad-Dīn Asadābādī/Afghani in accordance with the main characteristics of “post-Islamism”, which was coined and conceptualized by Asef Bayat. Although the term “post-Islamism” was not explicitly used by Asadābādī/Afghani himself, I argue that we may find some of the main features of a post-Islamist discourse in his works. Hence, in this article, post-Islamism does not refer to an era or a historical period, but to an intellectual discourse or project; it is understood conceptually rather than historically. I argue that, while Asadābādī/Afghani foresaw the need to acknowledge the legitimacy crisis of Islam, he nevertheless rejected the adoption of a purely secular perspective as a response. After identifying the fundamental pillars of Asadābādī/Afghani’s thought, I shall demonstrate how his approach corresponds to the reconciliatory position of post-Islamist thinking, which seeks to marry Islam with more ...

The Rise of Islamic Society: Social Change, State Power, and Historical Imagination

Comparative Studies in Society and History, 2022

This article explores the history of “Islamic Society” (al-Mujtamaʿ al-Islāmī), a concept whose widespread usage is paralleled by shallow understandings of its origins. Scholars of premodern Islamic history often use this term to describe the ideas and practices of Muslim communities under Islamic political rule, while historians of the Muslim Brotherhood highlight this leading Islamist movement’s commitment to forming such a collective yet treat the concept as sui generis. This article, in turn, draws on a wide array of Islamic print media published by leading Islamic movements and state institutions in Egypt between 1898 and 1981 to tell a story of how this concept became intellectually viable and politically meaningful in the context of transition from colonial to postcolonial rule in the mid-twentieth century. Building on histories of religious nationalism which trace how religious nationalist visions produce novel understandings of religious identity rather than replicating prior models, the article explores the ways in which identity is linked to particular projects of religious practice. In doing so, it casts light on how religious nationalist projects seek to structure social life through calls to continuity with the past even as they adopt the core assumptions of the nation-state project. Specifically, it argues that, as Muslim thinkers, activists, and scholars navigated the transition from colonial to postcolonial rule, they turned to this concept to articulate dueling conceptions of religious change through state power and social mobilization alike.

A Jihadi Critique of the Modern State: Abū Qatāda in Conversation with Decolonial and (neo-)Marxist Thought

Political Theory, 2023

This paper analyzes the reception of decolonial and neo-Marxist thought in a jihadist critique of the modern state. The author argues that a study of Abū Qatāda al-Filisṭīnī, a prominent theorist of modern Jihadism and Salafism, reveals his nuanced interaction with theories of hegemony, ideology, and decolonization. An examination of Abū Qatāda’s critique of modern state institutions and ideology shows that he engages with philosophical critiques of sovereignty, hegemony, capitalism, and the nation-state and utilizes both neo-Marxist and decolonial thought. This paper explores how Abū Qatāda theorizes the modern state as a colonial project, leading him to rationalize jihad, or violent resistance, as the only solution to realize paradigmatic change. It further shows how Abū Qatāda justifies opposition to the modern state and hegemony with seamless deployment of scripture and Islamic jurisprudence and insists that his political project builds on premodern Islamic theories of knowledge and government necessary for decolonization, albeit often without offering details. This study reveals a feature of jihadist thought that has remained largely unnoticed in the literature and is the first to explore the interactions between Salafism and critiques of the modern state.

Review Essay: The Perpetual Politics of Islam

Post-Islamism: The Changing Faces of Political Islam. Edited by Asef Bayet. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, xiv + 351 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-976606-2 Salafism in Yemen: Transnationalism and Religious Identity. By Laurent Bonnefoy. London: Hurst and Company, 2011, xxii + 313 pp. ISBN 978-1-849-04131-7 Whatever Happened to the Islamists? Salafis, Heavy Metal Muslims and the Lure of Consumer Islam. Edited by Amel Boubekeur and Olivier Roy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012, ix + 333 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-15426-0 When Victory is not an Option: Islamist Movements in Arab Politics. By Nathan J. Brown. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012, xii + 260 pp. ISBN 978-0-8014-7772-0 The Last Refuge: Yemen, al-Qaeda, and America’s War in Arabia. By Gregory D. Johnsen. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2012, xv + 326 pp. ISBN 978-0- 393-08242-5 The Missing Martyrs: Why There Are So Few Muslim Terrorists. By Charles Kurzman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, v + 248 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-976687-1 Global Salafism: Islam’s New Religious Movement. Edited by Roel Meijer. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009, xix + 463 pp. ISBN 978-0-231-15420-8 Europe and the Islamic World: A History. By John Tolan, Gilles Veinstein and Henry Laurens, Translated by Jane Marie Todd. Princeton: Princeton University Press, xi + 478 pp. ISBN 978-0=691-14705-5 Political Islam: A Critical Reader. Edited by Frédéric Volpi. New York: Routledge, 2011, xv + 471 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-56028-3

Post-Islamism: From Making Islam Democratic to the Politics of Myth

Manchester Journal of Transnational Islamic Law and Practice, 2021

Post-Islamism has been suggested as an intellectual and political response by which Islam and democracy become compatible. However, it is not a homogenous discourse and involves at least democratic and social democratic inclinations. For democratic post-Islamism, freedom, democracy, and human rights were master signifiers, whereas, for social-democratic post-Islamism and anti-capitalist Muslims, justice is pivot of the intellectual constellation and religious criticism. Reviewing the main ideas and criticisms of the most recent post-Islamist intellectual discourses, this article investigates the ability of post-Islamism in addressing authoritarianism, inequality, and social injustice. Exploring the significance of the politics of myth for the meaningful intellectual and political endeavours, this article investigates the theological turn of the anti-capitalist Muslims and its significance for post-Islamism particularly in suggesting new understandings of the Qur’an. The article concludes that if Islamism is not seen primarily as a state ideology but as politics of myth, then post-Islamism requires to capture popular imagination.