The occurrence and persistence of PFAS at riverbank filtration sites in the Upper Danube basin (original) (raw)
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Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2007
The mass flows of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were studied in the aqueous compartment of the river Somes in Romania. PPCPs were measured in wastewater treatment effluents and in the receiving river water. The analytical method for the determination of PPCPs in river water was based on solid phase extraction and GC-ITMS. Carbamazepine, pentoxyfylline, ibuprofen, diazepam, galaxolide, tonalide and triclosan were determined in wastewater effluents with individual concentrations ranging from 15 to 774 ng L À1 . Caffeine was measured at concentrations up to 42 560 ng L À1 . Due to the high contamination of WWTP effluents, the receiving river was also polluted. The most abundant PPCPs measured in the Somes were caffeine, galaxolide, carbamazepine and triclosan. They were present at all the 15 sampling sites along the Somes, the concentrations ranging from 10 to 400 ng L À1 . The concentrations in the effluents of the different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) varied considerably and the differences are due to different elimination efficiencies of the studied PPCPs during sewage treatment. Only one of 5 WWTPs studied, the WWTP in Cluj-Napoca, was working properly, and therefore technical measures have to be taken for upgrading the WWTPs and reducing the environmental load of micropollutants. This study is the first overview of PPCPs along on Romanian part of river Somes.
Screening of PFASs in groundwater and surface water
2016
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging organic pollutants characterized by their persistency, and bioaccumulation and toxicity potential. In this study, 26 PFASs were screened in 502 water samples originating from Swedish groundwater, surface water, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents and landfill leachates. The objectives were to establish baseline concentrations of PFASs in the aquatic environment, to screen for potential sources, and to compare PFAS concentrations with guideline values for estimation of potential effects on the ecosystem and human health. In drinking water source areas, the average ∑26PFAS concentration was 8.4 ng L-1 with a median value of 0.6 ng L-1 (n = 172). The drinking water guideline value of 90 ng L-1 for ∑7PFASs (PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) established by the Swedish National Food Agency was exceeded in 4 samples (2% of the total number of samples in this category). In water not used for drinking water, ∑26PFASs con...
Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed
Environmental Pollution, 2010
25 The concentration profile of 40 polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water 26 along the River Rhine watershed from the Lake Constance to the North Sea was 27 investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of point as well as 28 diffuse sources, to estimate fluxes of PFAS into the North Sea and to identify 29 replacement compounds of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic 30 acid (PFOA). In addition, an interlaboratory comparison of the method performance 31 was conducted. The PFAS pattern was dominated by perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) 32 and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) with concentrations up to 181 ng/L and 335 ng/L, 33 respectively, which originated from industrial point sources. Fluxes of ∑PFAS were 34 estimated to be ~6 tonnes/year which is much higher than previous estimations. Both, 35 the River Rhine and the River Scheldt, seem to act as important sources of PFAS into 36 the North Sea. 37 38 Capsule: The short-chained polyfluoroalkyl substances PFBA and PFBS replace 39 PFOA and PFOA as dominating PFAS in surface waters in the River Rhine watershed. 40 41
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants and can occur in surface and groundwater. To identify the degree of pollution in surface water with PFAS, often targeted HPLC–ESI–MS/MS has been employed in which commonly 30–40 compounds are analyzed. However, other PFAS and organofluorines remain undetected. We sampled surface water of the river Spree and the Teltow Canal in Berlin, Germany, which are affected by the effluent discharge of wastewater treatment plants. Here, we employed high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) for measuring extractable organofluorines (EOF) and compared in a mass balance approach the total fluorine to the identified and quantified PFAS from the targeted analysis. The analysis highlights that the EOF are in the range expected for an urban river system (Winchell et al. in Sci Total Environ 774, 2021). However, downstream of an effluent discharge, the EOF increased by one ...
Attenuation of selected pharmaceuticals during riverbank filtration in Danube river alluvion
2018
The paper presents the results of the transport analysis for selected pharmaceuticals during riverbank filtration from the river Danube to the drainage wells at the specific site KovinDubovac. In the Republic of Serbia the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface and groundwater was not sufficiently analyzed, so there is a need for research and testing of the occurrence and behavior of pharmaceuticals in order to better understand the flow of pharmaceuticals in the environment and transport of pharmaceuticals in groundwater during riverbank filtration. During the investigation period between 2009-2015, a total of 25 pharmaceuticals were analyzed in 52 samples, of which 13 samples of surface water and 39 samples of alluvial groundwater. A total of 7 pharmaceuticals in Danube River and 6 pharmaceuticals in alluvial groundwater were detected. Carbamazepine and metamizole metabolites N-acetyl-4-amino-antipyrine (4-AAA) and N-formyl-4-amino-antipyrine (4-FAA) have the highest frequency o...
Pilot survey of chemical contaminants from industrial and human activities in river waters of Spain
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2010
Over the past decades there has been significant progress in the treatment of sewage and industrial wastewaters in order to minimise discharges of urban effluents with lots of contaminants. Nowadays, the status of contamination of bodies of water continues to be a key task for further environmental management actions. This paper reports the presence of 88 contaminants belonging to several chemical groups (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, disinfectants and pesticides), in river waters of the region of Madrid, one of the more densely populated areas of Spain. Three different monitoring campaigns were performed over a period of seven months. For quality assessment of river water analyses, an analytical protocol was developed employing a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, followed by two methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (two LC-MS systems with ion trap and time-of-flight analysers) in order to carried out the unequivocal detection and quantification of the target contaminants. The method detection limits achieved were in range 0.1-60 ng L À1 . Recovery values were higher to 70% for the most of the compounds and only two analytes (amoxicillin and tamoxifen) were not recovered with the SPE method applied. The results obtained during the monitoring campaign were classified in turn into two categories: contaminants in general called 'emergents', and priority substances or candidate pollutants from domestic and industrial activities. This classification allows us to evaluate the impact of both contributions, typically domestic and industrial, on the river waters. At the same time it enables us to get a first idea about the effectiveness of the urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that release the effluents to those rivers in eliminating or removing contaminants. The concentration ranges detected were between 110 and 9942 ng L À1 for emerging contaminants and 1 and 652 ng L À1 for priority or candidate pollutants.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater streams: occurrence and current treatment
Academia Engineering, 2023
PFAS are a growing environmental concern due to their persistence and universality. PFAS enters the environment through multiple channels, one of which is wastewater. This paper comprehensively presents PFAS in wastewater from point- and non-point sources, and discuss the variability, to permit greater understanding of the magnitude of PFAS pollution caused by wastewater streams. 55 papers had been included in this review. The review highlights a high variability of total PFAS in WWTP effluents with concentrations ranging from 16.8 ng/L to 11,870 ng/L depending on the number of PFAS tested, the types of industries the WWTPs served, the effluent treatment processes employed and if the influents are contaminated by aqueous film forming foam. DWTP effluents generally have significantly lower PFAS due to cleaner influents. Often, the effluents contain more PFAS than the influents because of the degradation of PFAA precursors. Landfill leachate contains comparatively more PFAS (as high as 291,700 ng/L) and the factors affecting their levels are the types and volumes of waste received, and leachate treatment employed. Membrane treatment reduces PFAS in leachate significantly, but they are retained in the concentrate. It sometimes yields higher total PFAS concentrations than untreated leachate. This prompts proper removal of PFAS from the concentrate of membrane treatment through advanced technologies such as activated carbon, ion exchange resins and electrochemical treatment. Non-point sources of PFAS comprise mainly of runoffs and stormwater. Landfills without leachate collection and treatment system constitute a non-point source of PFAS. Actual firefighting and firefighting training are important non-point sources of PFAS contributing up to 51.4 mg/L of PFAS in groundwater. PFAS from non-point sources is currently understudied and have much potential for future study.
Water
Active substances detected in surface water in Hungary today include pain and anti-inflammatory agents and antiepileptics, as wastewater treatment mechanisms cannot remove these micropollutants. The aim of our research is to detect residues of four pain-killer drugs—naproxen, nimesulide, diclofenac, and ibuprofen—and an anti-epileptic drug—carbamazepine—in water samples we collected (n = 8) from the Danube. Our samples were concentrated using solid-phase extraction and then detected with HPLC. During the evaluation, we looked for a significant difference in the concentration of the active substances. Naproxen was detectable in the largest amount in one sampling point, with an average concentration of 12,029.337 ± 1772.957 ng/L, while ibuprofen was present in the second highest concentration in another sampling site, which reached an average concentration of 4048.112 ± 2086.789 ng/L. We examined water samples taken from the same sampling sites but at different distances from the rive...
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2008
a n a l y t i c a c h i m i c a a c t a 6 0 7 ( 2 0 0 8 ) 37-44 a v a i l a b l e a t w w w . s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a c a Pharmaceuticals Endocrine disrupting chemicals Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry a b s t r a c t Passive sampling is highly complimentary to spot sampling in environmental analysis. A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was extensively tested to optimize its performance under both controlled and field conditions. The passive sampler was subsequently used for the sampling and analysis of estrone, 17-estradiol, 17␣-ethynylestradiol, bisphenol A, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, indomethacine, diclofenac and meclofenamic acid in sewage effluent and river
Broad spectrum screening of 463 organic contaminants in rivers in Macedonia
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2017
Target screening of 463 organic contaminants in surface water using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with direct injection was performed in spring of 2015 in northern Macedonia, at six sampling sites in four rivers belonging to Vardar basin: Kriva, Zletovska, Bregalnica and Vardar. The aim of the study was to differentiate between various types of organic contamination characteristic for different types of anthropogenic activities, such as mining, agriculture, and urbanization. Depending on the studied river, 9-16% of analyzed compounds were detected. The highest total levels of organic contaminants were recorded in agriculturally impacted Bregalnica River (1839-1962 ng L-1) and Vardar River downstream from the city of Skopje (1945 ng L-1), whereas the lowest level was found in the mining impacted Zletovska River (989 ng L-1). The principal organic contaminants of the Bregalnica River were herbicides (45-55% of all detected compounds; 838-1094 ng L-1), with the highest concentrations of bentazone (407-530 ng L-1) and molinate (84-549 ng L-1), common herbicides in rice cultivation. The main organic contaminants in the other rivers were drugs (70-80% of all detected compounds), with antibiotics as a predominant drug class. The highest drug concentrations were measured in the Vardar River, downstream from Skopje (1544 ng L-1). Screening of surface water by UHPLC-QTOF-MS was proven as a practical tool for fast collection of comprehensive preliminary information on organic contamination of natural waters, which can present a significant contribution in the monitoring and preservation of good ecological status of freshwater ecosystems.