Biosorption of carcinogenic metal ions using the immobilized microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides on a lignocellulosic matrix: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and mechanism (original) (raw)
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An efficient carcinogenic metal biosorbent was prepared by immobilizing microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides (AP) within Sugarcane Bagasse (SB) lignocellulosic matrix. The immobilization technique enhanced the biosorption of nickel by 32.25% at equilibrium compared with free Auxenochlorella protothecoides. The maximum metal biosorption capacity of free and immobilized Auxenochlorella protothecoides was calculated to be 42.08 and 62.1 mg /g, respectively. The removal efficiency of nickel ions was evaluated with Box-Behnken factorial design using three parameters: pH solution, contact time, and biosorbent concentration. Under optimum conditions, the RSM- DF platform determined the maximum metal elimination rate of 97.96% with the following optimal set of factors: pH 5.06, biosorbent concentration of 1.6 g/L, and contact time of 53.33 min. In the experimental design of the nickel bioprocess, the equilibrium adsorption isotherms were analyzed using sixteen models of two-, three-, a...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
The purpose of this research was to removed heavy metal of Copper (Cu2+) with biotechnology using mixed-microalgae of Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus bound in Na-Alginate. The effect of contact time and temperature on biosorption rate to achieve the highest efficiency were studied. Mixed-microalgae were dried in the oven, hulled, and trapping onto alginate polymer to forming an immobilized biosorbent or beads. The decrease of Cu2+ concentration was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Optimization of parameters was conducted by photobioreactor in batch system using concentrations of 20 mg/L Cu which were containing wastewater, biosorbent concentration of 0.5 g/g, pH 4 with setting of contact time (60, 120, 180) minutes and temperature (25, 35.45) oC. The results show that the maximum biosorption occurred at pH 4, temperature 35oC, contact time 180 minutes and removal efficiency of 96.4% was achieved. The research proved that immobili...
Biosorption of metal ions on lignocellulosic materials: batch and continuous-flow process studies
Metal adsorption capacities of bioadsorbents, derived from low-cost agricultural waste, were assessed. Batch and column experiments were conducted for evaluation of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) sorption kinetics on to modified (by treating with base and acid) and unmodified sugarcane bagasse and corn cob. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson equations were used to understand metal adsorption behavior and Elovich and Lagergren's pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics equations were used for estimation of adsorption kinetics parameter. The suitability of the models to experimental data was reflected by high r 2 values. Among sorption models, Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson were proved equally good and Cd, Cr, and Pb adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm. Batch adsorption experiment showed that the metal adsorption ability of the treated materials was higher than that of untreated. The adsorp-tion sequence was Pb > Cr > Cd. Pseudo-second-order kinetics model was found suitable in describing the obtained data. Result of the column adsorption experiments supplement the batch results and revealed the role of agricultural waste materials in remediation of heavy metal-polluted water.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
In this study, biosorption of Fe (II), Mn (II), and Zn (II) ions, from aqueous solution with free (non-immobilised) and Ca-alginate beads with immobilised Chlorella vulgaris biomass was investigated. Effects of pH, metal ions concentration, biosorbent dosages and contact time on the biosorption of selected metallic ions were studied. The maximum biosorption of Fe (II) 129.83, Mn (II) 115.90 and Zn (II) 105.29 mg/g was achieved with Ca-alginate immobilised microalgal biomass at optimum pH of 6.0, biomass dosage, 0.4 g/L, and contact time of 300 min and at 25 o C temperature. The biosorption efficiency of freely suspended and immobilised C. vulgaris biomass for the heavy metals removal from the industrial wastewater Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) was validated. The metallic ions biosorption on the Ca-alginate immobilised microalgae followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and the experimental data were well fitted to the Langmuir and D-R isotherm models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters, ΔG o , ΔH o and ΔS o exhibited that the biosorption of all tested metal ions onto freely suspended and Ca-alginate immobilized algal cells was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature under observed conditions. The biosorption mechanism of C. vulgaris illustrated by FTIR and XPS showed bands conforming to C-N,-OH, COO- ,-CH, C=C, C=S and-C-groups are closely related with the binding of heavy metals. The SEM showed porous morphology which greatly helps in the biosorption of heavy metals. This study confirmed that immobilisation of C. vulgaris in alginate beads constitute a favorable, effective, economical and biodegradable biosorbent material for the removal of heavy metal pollution in the environment.
Increasing Effectiveness of Heavy Metal Sorption by Biosorbent Microalgae Beads
Journal of Ecological Engineering
This research was conducted to overcome the Cu 2+ heavy metal pollution in the environment through a biotechnological approach with heavy metal sorption process by microalgae beads. Biosorbent in form of beads was produced from Chlorella sorokiniana, Monoraphidium sp., and Scenedesmus obliquus tropical microalgae mobilized with Naalginate polymer. The sorption process is observed on a controlled batch culture with variations of temperature (25, 35, and 45 °C), and observation periods (200 th , 220 th , 250 th , 270 th min) as contact time. The absorption efficiency on each temperature variation reaches more than 90%, but the highest absorption efficiency rate is at 92.20% on 35 °C temperature and 200 minutes of contact time. Biosorbent beads with 2-3 mm of diameters show the best sorption ability than the 3-4 mm and 4-5 mm ones. Sorption process is also evident with the existence of intensity alteration on amide, ketone, and sulfhydryl function groups which were consistently weakened until the end of the sorption process. The beads utilized in this research are potentially reusable as biosorbent. Thus, further examination is required to acknowledge the maximum reutilization rate of the beads as biosorbent on heavy metal absorption process.
PLOS ONE, 2018
In the present study, a comprehensive approach to the biosorption process was proposed. Biosorption of Cr(III), Mn(II) and Mg(II) ions by a freshwater macroalga Cladophora glomerata was examined using several advanced techniques including FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry) and SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy). The enriched biomass can become a valuable, bioactive feed additive for different breeds of animals. Additionally, the collected algal biomass was soaked in water in order to reduce the content of carbohydrate, what is especially important for animals with metabolic disorders. The content of starch was reduced by 22% but additionally some elements-mainly Si, K and P were removed from the biomass. It was shown that the natural macroalga had better biosorption properties than soaked. Cr(III) ions were sorbed by the biomass in the highest extent, then Mn(II) and finally Mg(II) ions. The content of chromium in the enriched algal biomass increased almost~200 000 times, manganese~75 times and magnesium~4.5 times (both for Mg(II) ions used from magnesium sulphate, as well as from magnesium chloride) when compared to the natural Cladophora glomerata. In the case of the soaked biomass the increase of the content of elements in the enriched biomass was as follows~17 165 times for Cr,~25 times for Mn and for Mg~3.5 times for chloride and 3.8 times for sulphate. The type of magnesium salt (chloride or sulphate) had no significant effect on the algal sorption capacity. The proposed mechanism of the biosorption is ion exchange in which mainly potassium participated. The applied FTIR analysis enabled the identification of the functional groups that participated in the biosorption process-mainly carboxyl and hydroxyl. The main changes in the appearance of the spectra were observed for the following wavenumbers-3300-3400; 2900; 1700; 1400-1500 and 1200-1300 cm-1. The application of SEM-EDX proved that the metal ions were sorbed on the surface of both tested algae.
Comparison Between Biosorbents for the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Water Research, 1998
This study compared the ability of a brown seaweedEcklonia maxima, a dealginatedseaweed waste, alginatefibre and waste linseedfibre to removecopper, nickeland cadmiumfrom singleand mixed metal ion solutions. All experiments were conducted using metal ion solutions of 10mg/litre in concentration. The study has shown that alginate fibregenerallyexhibitedthe best overallmetalion uptakeandcadmium ionswerethemosteffectively sequestered bythesebiosorbents. Thestudyindicates that theuptakeofthesemeta[ionsis selective oncesaturationof thebiosorbent hasbeenachieved, with copperionsbeingadsorbedin preference to cadmiumandnickelions.
This research purposes to study the role of microalgae in tropical environment -isolated from Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Setiabudi, Jakarta, Indonesia -on biosorption of Cu(II) ion in heavy metal wastewater. The effects of pH and contact time on the rate of metallic biosorption were examined to reach the greatest biosorption efficiency. Microalgae diversity analysis through phenotypic approaches showed that the microalgae community was comprised of 3 species of Chloropyceae i.e Ankistrodesmus braunii, Chlorella sp., and Scenedesmus quadricauda var quadrispina. Immobilized biosorbent from microalgae was prepared by oven-drying, grinding, and entrapping the microalgae biomass into polymeric matrix of alginate. The sorption properties of biosorbent was characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and SEM micrograph analysis. The optimization of sorption parameters was conducted in batch systems using Cu(II)-artificial wastewater of 300 ppm with pH arrangement of 2-7 and the contact time arrangement of 60, 90, 120, 180, 240 minutes. During the experiment, the Chlorophyceae free and Na-alginat immobilized biomass were added. The research showed that either free and immobilized biomass could adsorb Cu(II) metal ion and reduce its concentration into 25-50 ppm. A maximum biosorption by the alginate-immobilized biosorbent obtained at pH 3,0 and contact time of 180 minutes with 43% absorption efficiency. Sorption properties of microalgae biomasses were indicated by various functional groups presence on biosorbent that could bind heavy metals compared to others. The research proved that the alginateimmobilized biosorbent was highly effective for the treatment of Cu(II)-artificial wastewater and that tolerant cholorophyceae could act as an effective biosorbent in further optimization.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2011
In this study, microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda was entrapped in calcium alginate/ polyvinyl alcohol composite hydrogel beads by phase-inversion techniques. The composite biosorbents were used for removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from single component and binary systems using cellfree composite beads as a control system. The effects of the experimental conditions (such as pH, initial metal ions concentrations, temperatures, contact time, and biosorbent concentrations) on Cu(II) and Cd(II) removal efficiencies were studied. The maximum metal ions on the bare and algal biomass immobilized in alginate beads were observed between pH 5.0 and 6.0. The biosorption of metal ions by the bare and composite beads increased as the initial concentration of the metal ions increased in the medium. The biosorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) on the composite beads appears to be slightly temperature dependent. The maximum biosorptions of metal ions onto microalgae entrapped in composite beads were 0.970± 0.028 and 0.682±0.017 mmol/g for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions, respectively. The equilibrium experimental data for two metallic species fitted well by the Langmuir model. The values of ΔG°at all temperatures are negative, indicating the spontaneous nature of the biosorption process. When the metal ions competed (in the case of the biosorption from their mixture), the amounts of biosorption onto microalgae cells entrapped in beads were 0.857±0.033 mmol/g for Cu(II) and 0.593±0.024 mmol/g for Cd(II). Under noncompetitive and competitive conditions, the affinity order of ions for biosorbents was Cu(II) > Cd(II).
Study of Physical Chemistry on Biosorption of Nickel by Using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa
Oriental journal of chemistry, 2011
In the present study, the biomass generated from the dried Chlorella pyrenoidosa was used for evaluating the biosorption characteristics of Ni ions in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed on these leaves and it was found that the amount of metal ions adsorbed increased with the increase in the initial metal ion concentration. In this study effect of agitation time, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, pH & biomass dosage were studied. Maximum metal uptake was observed at pH= 5. Maximum metal uptake (q max ) was 142.86 mg/g .The biosorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model .The adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 1 h. The kinetic of biosorption followed the second – order rate. The biomass could be regenerated using 0.1 M HNO 3 . A positive value of ∆H° indicated the endothermic nature of the process. A negative value of the free energy (∆G°) indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. A positive value of ...