Common Reed and Maize Silage Co-Digestion as a Pathway towards Sustainable Biogas Production (original) (raw)
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Sustainability, 2016
This paper analyses the comparative advantage of using silage maize or grass as feedstock for anaerobic digestion to biogas from a greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation point of view, taking into account site-specific yield potentials, management options, and land-use change effects. GHG emissions due to the production of biogas were calculated using a life-cycle assessment approach for three different site conditions with specific yield potentials and adjusted management options. While for the use of silage maize, GHG emissions per energy unit were the same for different yield potentials, and the emissions varied substantially for different grassland systems. Without land-use change effects, silage maize-based biogas had lower GHG emissions per energy unit compared to grass-based biogas. Taking land-use change into account, results in a comparative advantage of biogas production from grass-based feedstock produced on arable land compared to silage maize-based feedstock. However, under current frame conditions, it is quite unrealistic that grass production systems would be established on arable land at larger scale.
Biogas Production Potential from Reeds
Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
Aim of this research was to study the use of reeds for biogas production. Reeds from the Pape lake area were selected for anaerobic digestion experiments in laboratory. Reeds were chopped and prepared in four groups from 1 mm up to 20 mm. Their chemical and physical properties were analyzed. The results show more methane can be extracted from green reeds 0,281 lCH4/gDOMadd and from dry reeds 0,226 lCH4/gDOMadd-the smaller reeds were chopped the greater methane yield. Experiment results show reeds are more useful in biogas production when in cofermentation with other raw materials. Profitable biogas extraction from reeds can be accomplished in adjunction with sapropel and fertilizer production.
Biogas production from reed canary grass and silage of mixed oats and barley
2009
There is a need to find acceptable crops for energy production for the climatic and soil conditions of Latvia. Average annual dry matter yields from fodder red canary grass, oats and barley mixed or maize vary 711.2 t ha, 5-8 t ha or 12-16 t ha under the climatic conditions of Latvia. Reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L), oats-barley silage and maize silage were investigated for biogas production in anaerobic digestion process in 6 digesters of volume 5l operated in batch mode at the temperature of 38°C. Average biogas yields from reed canary grass, oats-barley silage or maize silage was 263 l kgVSd , 527 l kgVSd -1 or 553 l kgVSd -1 respectively. Average methane content was 48 %, 56 % or 53 % in biogas from reed canary grass, oats-barley silage or maize silage respectively.
Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2018
In this study, biogas production efficiencies of mixtures obtained by adding corn silage (CS) to citrus industrial wastes at different ratios were determined. Orange (OJPW) and tangerine processing juice wastes (TJPW) (crusts and shells) were selected as materials in the study. 25%, 50%, 75% of CS was added to these selected wastes. Changes in the obtained mixture chemical properties (dry matter, dry organic matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude oil, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF)), biogas production and methane content in the biogas were investigated. The results of the study showed that the highest crude protein content was found in 100% TJPW (10%), raw fat percentage in 100% TJPW (5.14%), dry matter content in 100% CS (93.56%), ADF in 100% CS (22.74%) and the NDF in a mixture of 25% OJPW + 75% CS (45.08%). The highest methane production was determined for a mixture of 100% TJPW and 50% TJPW + 50% OJPW (0.46 m 3 kg-1 ODM). Also the highest biogas production was determined in a mixture of 50% OJPW + 50% TJPW (0.90 m 3 kg-1 ODM). The mixing of CS in TJPW and OJPW reduced significantly the production of methane and biogas in the mixture. As a result of the statistical analysis, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in both methane and biogas production of agricultural wastes.
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
Excessive cultivation of maize (Zea mays L.) as a biogas substrate has fired debate about potential land-use change effects of bioenergy cropping systems. Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a perennial biogas crop that provides more environmental services than maize. This study investigated (i) how to replace maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate in a large-scale biogas plant located in southwest Germany, and (ii) how to optimize the energy and material cycles of such a biogas plant given the new feedstock. The biogas plant produces 1000 m 3 biogas per hour with plans for it to be combined with a large dairy farm (1000 dairy units). It was found that the substitution of maize with cup plant as a biogas substrate results in a methane yield reduction of 10% to 20% due to lower biomass yields. However, there exists a strong potential to increase both biomass yields and biogas substrate quality of cup plant by optimizing establishment procedures and better genotypes. Furthermore, cup plant provides food and shelter for open land animals, including birds and insects, and could hence be a suitable alternative to maize for large biogas plants, being more environmentally beneficial. Extracting proteins from cup-plant biomass could also help replace soy with locally produced protein for feeding cattle. Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising tool for closing nutrient cycles and for extracting phosphate from digestate, but more research is needed before it can be put into practice.
A Review of Biogas Production Optimization from Grass Silage
Int'l Conf. on Chemical Engineering & Advanced Computational Technologies (ICCEACT’2014) Nov. 24-25, 2014 Pretoria (South Africa)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic materials offers an alternative source of renewable energy, as bio-methane has a potential to replace fossil fuels for energy production for heat and power, vehicular fuel and as well as valuable material recovery. In addition AD can address pollution problems by minimizing and utilizing biodegradable waste. This a well-researched and technologically advanced technique with various successful small to large scale plants in the developed world. For developing countries, not much success has been reported due to operational and maintenance challenges, low biogas production and public perceptions among other several contributing factors. This paper reviews AD process optimization focusing on parameters such as temperature, pH, loading rate, hydraulic retention time and agitation. Several studies have shown optimum biogas production from grass in mesophilic, alkaline or neutral conditions at retention times of about 30 days. This review is the background and basis of our current work on optimizing biogas production from selected South African grass species.
Environment, Soil, and Digestate Interaction of Maize Silage and Biogas Production
Agronomy, 2024
In this study are presented the possibilities of using maize silage for biogas production. An experiment with maize silage took place over three years (2016–2018) in two localities, Ilandža, Alibunar municipality (L1—Locality 1) and Dolovo (L2—Locality 2), Serbia, and using two variants: a control with no digestate (C) and a variant with digestate, which was organic manure from biogas facilities (AD). In the AD variant, 50 t ha−1 of digestate was introduced into the soil just before sowing the maize. The following traits were examined: plant height (PH), biomass yield (BMY), biogas yield (BGY), and methane yield (MY). The effects of the studied factors (year, fertilization, and locality) on the biogas yield were significant (p < 0.5). The most favorable year for biogas production was 2016 (207.95 m3 ha−1), while the highest values of maize plant height, biomass, and methane yield were recorded in 2018 (2.48 m, 51.15 t ha−1 dry matter, and 258.25 m3 ha−1). The digestate exerted a significant influence (p < 0.5) on the values of all the tested maize parameters in all three experimental years. The biomass yield was positively associated with the plant height, biogas, and methane yield (r = 0.62 *; r = 0.70 *; r = 0.81 **) and positively but nonsignificantly associated with temperature (r = 0.42) and precipitation (r = 0.12). The application of the digestate before sowing improves the anaerobic digestion of maize silage and biogas production.
Ecological Engineering, 2015
This paper shows that common reeds used in phytoremediation plants can successfully disposed of in anaerobic digestion reactors. At mesophilic condition the following were investigated: biogas yield resulting from an anaerobic co-digestion campaign of mixtures of cattle slurry, cheese whey and aboveground biomass of Phragmites australis, rates of production of methane, removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and bio-methane yield (BMY). The resulting concentration of methane in the biogas was between 53-56%. Maximum removal efficiencies for COD was 70%. The mixture of 50% cattle