Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback (original) (raw)
2001, American Journal of Psychiatry
I. INtroduCtIoN this chapter addresses the question of how to classify the neuromodulation effects resulting from widely differing neurofeedback approaches developed over the last four decades. We have seen a proliferation of targets and objectives to which attention is directed in the training. With regard to clinical outcomes, however, one encounters a broad zone of commonality. Why is it that the premises and technological approaches within the neurofeedback network of scholars and clinicians are so disparate, yet they largely achieve common clinical goals? this in-depth analysis may lead us closer to the "essence" of neurofeedback and provide focus for further development efforts. In its most common applications, EEG feedback typically combines two challenges-one directed to the frequency-based organization of brain communication and one that targets inappropriate state transitions. these two challenges lead to very different rules of engagement. As such rules are unearthed, they must be understood in terms of an appropriate model of brain function. At a more philosophical level, an understanding of this whole process also takes us to the very cusp of the mind-body problem, the neural network relations that provide the nexus where our thoughts are encoded and interact directly and inseparably with network representations of psychophysiological states. this chapter will attempt to appraise the "state of the field" at this moment. the objective is to discern the commonalities among the various approaches on the one hand, and among the clinical findings on the other. this will lead to a codification of a "minimal set of claims" that could serve to cover the commonalities among the techniques, and it will lead to a simple classification scheme for the various clinical findings. the evidence in favor of such a minimal set of claims will be adduced largely by reference. Further, the classification of the various
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