Electrical conductivity and acidity of honey (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
This study was performed to compare the physico-chemical properties of flower, sunflower, cotton and pine honeys The pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, ash, free acidity and total phenolic content of honey samples varied from 3.788 to 4.870, 24.812% to 26.875%, 0.351 mS/cm to 1.447 mS/cm, 0.095% to 0.876%, 22.040 meq/kg to 42.700 meq/kg and 64.792 mg GAE/100g to 131.528 mg GAE/100g, respectively. The highest potassium (K) content was found in pine honey (3191.955 ppm), while calcium (Ca) contents of honey samples change between 22.056 (flower) and 92.715 ppm (cotton); phosphorus (P) contents of samples ranged from 31.705 ppm (sunflower) to 171.378 ppm (pine honey). In addition, sodium (Na) contents of honey samples were found between 101.680 ppm (flower) and 169.709 ppm (pine honey. It was determined that the most predominant mineral was potassium and pine honey is a good source of K.
Carbohydrate composition and electrical conductivity of different origin honeys from Lithuania
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2010
The main task of this study was to characterize Lithuanian honeys obtained from various sources by their carbohydrate composition and electrical conductivity and to determine if there is any dependence between these characteristics and pollen content. Twenty six samples of honey collected in Lithuania in 2006 during flowering season were analyzed by gas chromatography. Botanical source of honey samples was established by the melissopalynological method: 15 of analyzed samples were unifloral rape (winter and spring), 7 willow and 4 polyfloral honeys. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, turanose, trehalose, palatinose, cellobiose, raffinose and panose were identified and quantified in all samples. Glucose was predominant in 22 out of 26 samples. The mean values of fructose and glucose varied from 329.2 to 400.0 and from 346.0 to 426.3 mg/g honey, respectively. The amount of sucrose was 0.7-2.5 mg/ g. Some correlations between sugar concentration and the content of pollen were established. The ratios of fructose/glucose, maltose/isomaltose, maltose/turanose, sucrose/turanose, which may be used as indicators for honey authenticity, were calculated. In addition, electrical conductivity was measured and it was found that it varied from 0.27 to 0.89 mS/cm. Unifloral rape honeys had the lowest electrical conductivity. Data obtained was thoroughly compared with previously published results and it was found that the characteristics of Lithuanian honeys in most cases meet international requirements for natural honey. However, the information on honey sugar composition and electrical conductivity was not sufficient for the reliable determination of the botanical origin of honey.
Characterisation of Serbian unifloral honeys according to their physicochemical parameters
Food Chemistry, 2012
The characterisation of three unifloral Serbian honeys (acacia, sunflower and linden) was carried out based on some common physicochemical parameters (water content, electrical conductivity, free acidity, optical rotation and pH). A total of 201 honey samples, collected during the 2009 harvesting season, were analysed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to highlight the data structure and to find the relationships between the physicochemical parameters and the botanical origin of honey. The variables that best discriminated the samples were electrical conductivity (ranging from 0.10 to 0.76 mS/cm), free acidity (ranging from 7.80 to 42.70 meq/kg) and pH (ranging from 3.17 to 5.85). LDA resulted in a classification model with a high predictive power, allowing further assessment of unknown samples of the three unifloral honeys. Determination of geographic origin of acacia honey samples based on physicochemical properties and chemometrics was attempted.
Measurements and Analysis of the Electrical Conductivity of Selected Honey Samples in Nigeria
Asian Journal of Physical and Chemical Sciences, 2017
Honey is a natural complex food product produced by bees from nectar of plants and from honeydew. It is a unique sweetening agent that can be used by humans without processing. The study is based on the determination and analysis of the electrical conductivity of this natural product with change in temperature. A total of six honey samples were selected, with one sample each from Makurdi, Sapele, Yola, Saki, Sokoto and Owerri for analysis of electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the samples was measured with digital Conductivity/TDS/Salinity meter (PEN TYPE AZ-8361) and the data obtained were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the level of significance, where p ≤ 0.01 The results obtained showed that the average electrical conductivity values of the honey samples varied from 9.7-111.6 × 10-6 S/cm and therefore presented electrical conductivity values which are characteristic of nectar honey.
Moisture and Acidity as Indicators of the Quality of Honey Originating from Vojvodina Region
Archives of Veterinary Medicine, 2015
The color, aroma and fl avor are major sensory characteristics of honey, which are mainly determined by the botanical origin of honey as well as by processing and storage conditions. Increased moisture content above the maximum permitted level could result in honey spoilage, which aff ects its sensory properties. The higher water-in-honey content, the greater possibility of yeast fermentation and thus the change of the fl avor and color ofhoney. Fermentation process results in alcohol formation and, in the presence of oxygen, the alcohol will break down to acetic acid and water, which causes honey to have sour taste. Thus, moisture content of honey is a critical parameter for its quality as it aff ects the stability of honey and its resistance to microbial spoilage during storage. Physicochemical analysis of moisture content and acidity of honey play an important role in determining the overall characteristic of honey and final assessment of its quality. In this study, the investiga...
Evaluating the Physicochemical Properties of Some Kosovo’s and Imported Honey Samples
Applied Sciences
This study evaluated the physicochemical properties (moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), proteins, insoluble solids, and ash) of 45 Kosovo’s and imported honey samples, using methods provided by national and international standards. The moisture values of all honey samples analyzed were below 20%. The free acidity was above 50.0 meq kg−1 in 14 out of 33 samples (42%) collected in Kosovo, while 2 out of 12 imported honey samples (16.7%) showed higher values than 50 meq kg−1. In this study, 7 out of 33 honey samples (21%) from Kosovo and one out of 12 honey samples from imports had soluble solids content below 80 °Brix. In terms of HMF, 5 out of 33 Kosovo honey samples (15%) and 4 out of 12 imported honey samples (33%) exceeded 40 mg/kg, which is the maximum content of HMF set in standards. The values of some physicochemical parameters (free acidity, HMF, and soluble solids) of local and imported honey samples are not within the quality li...
Determination Of Sugar Adulteration In Honey Using Conductivity Meter And pH Meter
Natural honey is one of the highly required natural products because of its unique, highly nutritive and medicinal properties. These properties are attributed to the different substances that are encapsulated within a bee. Honey and its bye products are economy booster for marketers and farmers in the honey business. Due to its economic importance, adulteration of honey often takes place by altering the physicochemical, rheology and taste of honey, resulting in reduction of its nutritive, medicinal value and other quality factors. Several methods had been used in determining adulteration in honey, these methods includes attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIS) and multivariate methods (MM), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and open ended coaxial probe (OECP). In this work, sugar syrup at different proportions were used to adulterate pure honey, the adulterated honey was then investigated using conductivity and pH meter method to understand the level of the adulteration of the honey. Findings from the measurement showed that conductivity of samples ranges from 0.10-44.9 µS/m. The conductivity of pure honey was greater than all adulterated proportions. The acidity of the honey was found to decrease with increase in adulterant proportion from 3.25-2.96. Furthermore, the resistivity of the samples increases with increases in adulterant. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the electrical conductivity of the honey decreases as percentage of adulterant increases.
2016
The aim of this work was to characterise 36 samples of bee honeys from some geographical zone of Romania, which were collected two years consecutive 2012 and 2013, by physico-chemical characteristics together with content of chemical elements. For this purpose physico-chemical characteristics together with elemental content were evaluated. Physicochemical parameters: pH, electrical conductivity, ash content, refractive index and water content, were analysed using the Harmonised Methods of the International Honey Commission. Concentrations of K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were determined by analytical techniques of high accuracy and sensitivity: Atomic Absorbtion Spectrometry (AAS) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), combined with Internal Standard Technique. The obtained results indicate a good quality level, that demonstrates an adequate extracting and processing of honey.
Physicochemical characterization of natural honeys from different regions in Slovakia
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2014
This study is intended to determine the physicochemical characteristics of Slovakian honeys, and compare them with specifi cations described in the Codex Alimentarius Standard, the European Honey directive, the Slovak Codex Alimentarius and Slovak standard No. 1/2006. In addition, we tried to fi nd out correlations between individual constituents of honeys. Physicochemical characterization was carried out following the harmonized methods dictated by the International Honey Commission IHC. Honey samples (n=50) were collected from three honey types (blossom, blends, honeydew), and from the three main Slovakian geographical regions (named 'east', 'middle' and 'west'). The physi co che mi cal evaluation included moisture, reduced sugars, proline, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), conductivity, diastase and invertase activity, pH and water activity, following the techniques proposed by the European Honey Commission (EHC). The moisture content in the honey varied from 15.26 to 17.65 %, HMF levels ranged from 21.83 to 63.00 mg. kg −1 , the diastase activity varied from 21.01 DN to 36.67, invertase activity varied from 121.73 to 164.11 U. kg −1 , the proline content varied from 426.56 to 531.79 mg. kg −1 , the fructose content values were found from 36.33 to 40.20 g. 100g −1 , the glucose content values ranged from 27.67 to 31.00 g. 100g −1 , the values of saccharose content were from 0.15 to 0.37 g. 100g −1 , the conductivity varied from 29.48 to 97.24 mS. cm −1 , the pH value varied from 4.06 to 4.80 and the water activity content varied from 0.55 to 0.57. Signifi cant diff erences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between HMF and fructose, glucose and saccharose and conductivity and pH, signifi cant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between fructose and glucose and signifi cant diff erences (P ≤ 0.001) were found between HMF and conductivity. Between blossom honey and honeydew honey were found statistical signifi cant diff erences in HMF (P ≤ 0.05) and conductivity between honeydew honey and blossom honey (P ≤ 0.001). Among regions were determined statistical diff erences between HMF and invertase (P ≤ 0.05) and conductivity (P ≤ 0.01).
Physicochemical characteristics of Bulgarian bee honey: Part 1
2022
Lazarov, S., Veleva, P. & Zhelyazkova, I. (2022). Physicochemical characteristics of Bulgarian bee honey: Part 1. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 28 (2), 349–354 The present study investigates 59 representative samples of monofloral honey (Аcacia 12 pcs., Coriander 12 pcs., Limetree 12 pcs., Rapeseed 11 pcs., Sunflower 12 pcs.) and 30 samples of multifloral honey, crop 2019, from various apiaries on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. The changes in the following physicochemical parameters (Active acidity (pH); Electrical conductivity, μS/sm; Water content, %; Refractive index; Fructose + Glucose (F+G) content, %) have been studied. The obtained average values of the above parameters conform to the requirements of Council Directive 2001/110/EC relating to honey and Regulation on requirements to bee honey intended for human consumption. Statistically significant differences have been observed between the physicochemical parameters of monofloral and multifloral honey. The values of the c...