Recent Advances and Prospects of Organic Reactions “On Water” (original) (raw)
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A Mini-Review on Organic synthesis in Water
MOJ Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry, 2017
The use of water as solvent in organic synthesis is one of the most powerful tool of green chemistry as it reduces emission of toxic chemicals in the environment thereby reducing pollution. Reactions can be carried out under mild conditions minimizing chemical waste with easy work up procedure enabling recycling of the catalyst. This review briefly highlights some important reactions carried out recently in water.
Chemistry – A European Journal, 2013
The water paradigm has changed in organic chemistry. [1] Multiple organic reactions have been implemented in the form of watercompatible processes with a net gain in efficiency and instrumental simplicity. [2] Most of these reactions are currently performed either as homogeneous solutions or easily-stirred aqueous suspensions. Homogeneity requires either the use of water soluble reactants or the aid of an organic co-solvent and are governed by hydrophobic and/or hydrogen-bond (H-bond) interactions. [3] Aqueous suspensions involve reactants that are insoluble in water and at least one of them is a liquid [4] (the socalled "on water" [4a] or in the presence of water [4b] conditions). Although there is no general agreement on the chemical bases governing these reactions nor the exact place where they occur, experimental evidences suggest that these reactions must be occurring at the organic-water interface, [5] and as a consequence, they should be influenced by the properties of water molecules and reactants at these interfaces. [6] Although several protocols based on covalent organocatalysis have been successfully developed in water or in the presence of water, [7] the implementation of non-covalent based protocols has proved to be more problematic due to the polar properties of the water molecule and its hydrogen bond disruptor capacity. However, recent reports [8] have shown that the development of these reactions can be feasible in a productive manner. In a seminal communication, Schreiner and col. [8a] established that hydrogen bonding thiourea-based catalysis can be accomplished in the presence of water and even amplified by hydrophobic hydration. [9] More recently, Rueping and col. [8b] reported the first example of an asymmetric BrØnsted acid-catalyzed organic reaction in the presence of water, using the hydrophobic hydration Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chemeurj.org/ or from the author.
Catalyst-free In water On Water green chemical methodologies in organic synthesis
Chemical Society Reviews , 2013
Catalyst-free reactions developed during the last decade and the latest developments in this emerging field are summarized with a focus on catalyst-free reactions in-water and on-water. Various named reactions, multi-component reactions and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are discussed including the use of various energy input systems such as microwave- and ultrasound irradiation, among others. Organic chemists and the practitioners of this art both in academia and industry hopefully will continue to design benign methodologies for organic synthesis in aqueous media under catalyst-free conditions by using alternative energy inputs based on fundamental principles.
Benign by design: catalyst-free in-water, on-water green chemical methodologies in organic synthesis
Chemical Society Reviews, 2013
Catalyst-free reactions developed during the last decade and the latest developments in this emerging field are summarized with a focus on catalyst-free reactions in-water and on-water. Various named reactions, multi-component reactions and the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds are discussed including the use of various energy input systems such as microwave-and ultrasound irradiation, among others. Organic chemists and the practitioners of this art both in academia and industry hopefully will continue to design benign methodologies for organic synthesis in aqueous media under catalyst-free conditions by using alternative energy inputs based on fundamental principles.
Reaction Solvent Selection: The Potential of Water as a Solvent for Organic Transformations
Organic Process Research & Development, 2007
The increasing need for more sustainable strategies in organic synthesis has led to a growing interest in the use of water and other nonclassical solvents. This short review focuses on the potential use of water as a reaction solvent, highlighting advantages and the range of reactions that can be carried out in water.
Beyond Organic Solvents: The Role of Water in Green Chemistry
Since using solvents in organic synthesis is believed to be the foundation of chemical processes, the detrimental effects of traditional organic solvents involving health, environmental, and economic challenges have turned into an important issue for scientists. As a result, water has emerged as a promising and sustainable option in line with green chemistry criteria. Applications of water-based chemistry, clearly demonstrate the upward trend of reactivity, selectivity, and economic advantages. This mini-review investigates the growing use of water as a reaction solvent, focusing on two major approaches; "on-water" reactions and "in-water" reactions. Considering all its benefits have been mentioned, aqueous reactions face some challenges such as solubility issues, reaction condition optimization, and wastewater treatment. This article also includes some suggestions for overcoming these challenges. However, constant innovation and multidisciplinary collaboration are required to overcome the present limitations and challenges. Further attempts should target reducing environmental impact, increasing process efficiency, and promoting cross-disciplinary research to suggest greener and safer chemical processes.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007