Running related Injuries of Irish runners (original) (raw)
Related papers
Annals of Research in Sport and Physical Activity, 2011
Until today, no systematic review exists on the epidemiology, etiology and prevention of running related injuries, in which a distinction is made between each running level. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review using three electronic databases. Data were pooled to become overall injury incidences and injury localizations. Injury incidence varies between 0.1 % and 2.6% ip<0.05l. Most common injuries sustained by long-distance runners were found to be AchiUestendinopathy, Iliotibial Friction Syndrome (ITBSl and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSSl. Most common risk factors are age, running history and injury history. The only significant measure for runners was the use of orthoses in the prevention of MTSS and stress fractures. Most of the suggested preventing strategies in running lack convincing evidence of Inonl randomized clinical trials or have not yet been investigated. Therefore, suggestions for prevention and future research were made.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Injuries in Recreational Runners: A Cross-Sectional Study
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte
Introduction The increased number of people who choose running as a form of exercise has been associated with a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To determine the prevalence and the factors that could be correlated with injuries among amateur runners in Recife, in the State of Pernambuco (PE), Brazil. Methods An observational, cross-sectional study, in which 300 (three hundred) amateur runners answered a social demographic questionnaire, as well as questions about training characteristics, footstrike and landing pattern, and history of running injuries. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the student-t test to compare means, and the Chi-squared to compare prevalences. Results The prevalence of injuries amongst runners in Recife-PE was 58.5% (n= 175), the knee being the most commonly injured site (37.3%). In both groups - runners with and without injuries – there was a higher number of male runners, with 72.4% and 72.6% respectively. There was no...
BMJ Open
IntroductionRunning injuries affect millions of persons every year and have become a substantial public health issue owing to the popularity of running. To ensure adherence to running, it is important to prevent injuries and to have an in-depth understanding of the aetiology of running injuries. The main purpose of the present paper was to describe the design of a future prospective cohort study exploring if a dose–response relationship exists between changes in training load and running injury occurrence, and how this association is modified by other variables.Methods and analysisIn this protocol, the design of an 18-month observational prospective cohort study is described that will include a minimum of 20 000 consenting runners who upload their running data to Garmin Connect and volunteer to be a part of the study. The primary outcome is running-related injuries categorised into the following states: (1) no injury; (2) a problem; and (3) injury. The primary exposure is change in ...
Journal of Physiotherapy, 2013
What is the incidence of running-related injuries (RRIs) in recreational runners? Which personal and training characteristics predict RRIs in recreational runners? Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: A total of 200 recreational runners answered a fortnightly online survey containing questions about their running routine, races, and presence of RRI. These runners were followed-up for a period of 12 weeks. Outcome measures: The primary outcome of this study was running-related injury. The incidence of injuries was calculated taking into account the exposure to running and was expressed by RRI/1000 hours. The association between potential predictive factors and RRIs was estimated using generalised estimating equation models. Results: A total of 84 RRIs were registered in 60 (31%) of the 191 recreational runners who completed all follow-up surveys. Of the injured runners 30% (n = 18/60) developed two or more RRIs, with 5/18 (28%) being recurrences. The incidence of RRI was 10 RRI/1000 hours of running exposure. The main type of RRI observed was muscle injuries (30%, n = 25/84). The knee was the most commonly affected anatomical region (19%, n = 16/84). The variables associated with RRI were: previous RRI (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.51), duration of training although the effect was very small (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.02), speed training (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.10), and interval training (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.88). Conclusions: Physiotherapists should be aware and advise runners that past RRI and speed training are associated with increased risk of further RRI, while interval training is associated with lower risk, although these associations may not be causative.
Factors contributing to running injuries: a narrative review
2011
The purpose of this paper is to highlight some common extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors associated with running injuries that should be considered in the management and prevention of running injuries. Background: Running is one the most common sports activity that is practiced throughout the world. This increase in popularity in running could gradually increase the incidence rate of injury thus contributing to overuse injuries. Research in the field of running injuries is vast and has been conducted over more than 40 years. It is however difficult to distinguish the exact cause of running injuries as the aetiologies are multifactoral and diverse. There are various factors (extrinsic or intrinsic) that could be associated to running injuries. Extrinsic factors such as training methods, training surfaces or incorrect running shoes have been identified as some common risk factors. Some intrinsic factors such as muscle strength, flexibility and malalignment of the leg have also been identified which could further explain the aetiology of running injuries. Many researchers have identified various contributing factors to running injuries however there is a lack of conclusive evidence on the identified factors. Thus, the acquiring knowledge and scientific evidence about the risk factors related to common running injuries are important as it could assist in the treatment and prevention of long-term injuries. To reduce the high incidence rates of running injuries and to promote independence in injury management, a rehabilitation programme consisting of a training programme which gradually increases mileage, frequency, resting periods, appropriate running shoes for different foot types; heel lifts to adjust malalignments of the leg; flexibility and strengthening programmes of the lower limb and the selection of appropriate training surfaces and terrain is needed.
A step towards understanding the mechanisms of running-related injuries
2014
Objectives: To investigate the association between training-related characteristics and running-related injury using a new conceptual model for running-related injury generation, focusing on the synergy between training load and previous injuries, short-term running experience or body mass index (> or <25 kg m −2 ). Design: Prospective cohort study with a 9-month follow-up. Methods: The data of two previous studies using the same methodology were revisited. Recreational runners (n = 517) reported information about running training characteristics (weekly distance, frequency, speed), other sport participation and injuries on a dedicated internet platform. Weekly volume (dichotomized into <2 h and ≥2 h) and session frequency (dichotomized into <2 and ≥2) were the main exposures because they were considered necessary causes for running-related injury. Non-trainingrelated characteristics were included in Cox regression analyses as effect-measure modifiers. Hazard ratio was the measure of association. The size of effect-measure modification was calculated as the relative excess risk due to interaction. Results: One hundred sixty-seven runners reported a running-related injury. Crude analyses revealed that weekly volume <2 h (hazard ratio = 3.29; 95% confidence intervals = 2.27; 4.79) and weekly session frequency <2 (hazard ratio = 2.41; 95% confidence intervals = 1.71; 3.42) were associated with increased injury rate. Previous injury was identified as an effect-measure modifier on weekly volume (relative excess risk due to interaction = 4.69; 95% confidence intervals = 1.42; 7.95; p = 0.005) and session frequency (relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.44; 95% confidence intervals = 0.48; 4.39; p = 0.015). A negative synergy was found between body mass index and weekly volume (relative excess risk due to interaction = −2.88; 95% confidence intervals = −5.10; −0.66; p = 0.018). Conclusions: The effect of a runner's training load on running-related injury is influenced by body mass index and previous injury. These results show the importance to distinguish between confounding and effect-measure modification in running-related injury research. (L. Malisoux). to elucidate the mechanisms involved in RRI generation, 6,7 a prerequisite for successful injury prevention measures. To date, evidence on RRI aetiology is virtually non-existent. One of the main reasons regularly highlighted is the absence of largescale prospective cohort studies. In addition, the conceptual and statistical approach used for data-analysis has been given insufficient attention. The classical way used by many authors is to run regression analyses, where all variables thought to be related to injury are first tested separately for their association with RRI. Next, those below a certain p-value are included in a final adjusted model. This approach implies that each included variable is a confounder for the outcome and is directly associated with it.
Physical Activity and Health, 2021
Introduction: Running is an extremely popular pastime and competitive sport. There is a general consensus that runners present a high incidence of injury. This study aims to discover the prevalence of injury to the lower extremity among runners and any associated risk factors which correlate with the development of lower extremity injuries. Methods: An inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen search results. From an original 184 search results, 24 research papers were selected for the final study. The PRISMA checklist was adhered to in the research process. EndnoteX9 was used to filter through all search results and to achieve the final study selections, in line with the appropriate criteria. Results: Overall, a mean incidence of 37% was displayed for running related injuries to the lower extremity. Females displayed a greater mean incidence of injury than males, 39.7% vs 34.3%. Injury prevalence presented greatest at the knee region (24.3%), but this differed when results were split into male and females. Females presented the greatest prevalence of injury at the calf/lower leg, whilst males presented greatest incidence of injury at the hip/pelvis/upper leg region. Risk factors for developing injury which were identified throughout the research included; having <5 years running experience, being previously injured in the last 12 months and running >3 times per week. Conclusion: This systematic review is in agreement with the literature which has repeatedly illustrated that female runners present a greater incidence of injury than male runners.
The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2017
Background: Long-distance running is a popular recreational exercise. It is a beneficial activity for health and wellness. However, the running can also cause injury, particularly in the lower extremities. There is no consensus in the literature on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause these musculoskeletal injuries. In theory, most injuries are caused by methodological errors, the type of footwear and terrain. Objective: To identify the factors associated with injuries in recreational runners based on evidence. Method: The data sources used were: PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science. Compiled the English-language articles identified by keywords, titles of medical affairs and research of electronic databases above. With this research from the review process, controlled trials were grouped in a study population consisted of recreational runners. Results: Evidences suggest that injuries are common for runners. Many variables can contribute to the injury process, among th...
The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2018
Objectives: Running is increasingly popular, but also carries a high injury risk, especially in novice runners. This study investigates differences in incidence and characteristics of running-related injuries (RRIs) between novice and experienced runners in the open population, in order to adapt to more specific needs for future prevention programs. Methods: Data were obtained from Injuries and Physical Activity in the Netherlands (IPAN), a Dutch questionnaire on injuries, physical activity, and sports. A representative sample of runners (n = 4621) from IPAN, including 1405 novice runners, was used to assess injury incidence rates, anatomical site, onset and need for medical attention of RRIs. Participants who started running during the past 12 months were defined as 'novice' runners. 'Experienced' runners are participants who had been running for more than 1 year. Results: Of the 4621 runners, 41,8% were female. The average age was 34.2 years. From 2010 to 2013, a total of 416 injuries were reported. The incidence of RRIs was significantly higher in novice runners compared with experienced runners: 8.78 (8.59-8.96) vs. 4.24 (4.11-4.37) per 1000 h running. In both novice and experienced runners, most RRIs were located at the knee (30.5%) and lower leg (17.8%), with the Achilles' tendon less frequently injured in novice runners (2.3% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.031). Novice runners sustained more medical attention injuries (36.8%) than experienced runners (29.2%) (p > 0.132). Conclusions: In total, over 30% of all (novice and experienced) runners, suffered from RRI within 1 year. Novice runners reported more injuries per 1000 h of running in comparison to experienced runners. A tendency toward receiving medical attention more frequently was found in novice runners compared to experienced runners. In view of this higher injury incidence of RRIs and healthcare consumption in novice runners, more studies are needed to develop effective injury prevention programs for novice runners.