Assessment of Household Management Practices of Drinking Water in Two Selected Rural Communities of Plateau State (original) (raw)
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International journal of research - granthaalayah, 2021
The study examined the water sanitation facilities utilization among the rural households of south west Nigeria. The study specifically described the socioeconomic characteristics of the rural household heads; identified various sources of water supply and their providers; examined the rural household heads' knowledge of water source contamination; examined respondents' awareness of adequate water treatment methods and the awareness of waterborne disease. The population of the study comprised of all the rural households in Ondo and Oyo States in Southwestern of Nigeria. The sampling procedure employed was multistage sampling technique to select 355 household heads comprising a total of 167 rural household considered out of 278 rural households from the selected cells in Oyo state while a total of 188 rural household heads selected out of 314 rural household heads from the selected cells in Ondo State for the study. The data for the study were analyzed with descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistical tool such as logistic regression analysis model The mean age of the respondents from Ondo State was 47 years while that of respondents from Oyo State was 45 years. Rain water collection was the major source of improved water supply from Ondo State (87.4%) and Oyo State (86.7%). In both Ondo and Oyo States, the knowledge of water source contamination is still on moderate level. Households in Ondo State (WMS = 2.98) and Oyo State (WMS = 2.91) were more aware of boiling of water as the major adequate water treatment methods. In both states, the awareness of adequate water treatment methods is still on moderate level. In both States, the awareness of water-borne diseases is still on moderate level, majority had favourable attitude towards utilization of water sanitation facilities while the level of utilization of water sanitation facilities is still on moderate level. The result of the Regression analysis model indicated that years of schooling (t=-3.758***; p=0.000) and households' size (t=-2.089**; p=0.037) were significantly related to utilization of water sanitation facilities. It was therefore concluded that the utilization of water sanitation facilities was influenced by income level, knowledge of water source contamination, awareness of adequate water treatment methods, awareness of water-borne diseases, household size. The local council being the agency saddled with water provision, should be more empowered in terms of resources and facilities in order to be able to do their work of water provision and water sanitation information dissemination effectively.
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2023
Introduction: Globally there is progress in safe water access. However, in sub-Saharan Africa only 57% of the population has an improved water supply, this resulting in water borne diseases. In area where safe water access is limited household water treatment was best alternative. However, the household water treatment practice in west Guji zone community does not studied yet. Thus this study aimed to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among rural community in west Guji Zone. Methods and material: A community based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from June-July 2021. Semi-Structured questionnaire was used for interviewing the respondents. The study participants were selected by simple random sampling method. The raw quantitative data were coded and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and the data were exported to SPSS version 26 for Bivarate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Results: The result of the study shows that, only 35.8% of the study participant was practicing household water treatment. The most commonly practiced household water treatment methods were; chlorination (44.9%), boiling (24.5%) and cloth filter (19.5%). Factors significantly associated with household water treatment were educational status (P-0.001, AOR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.41-5.02), Income (p < 0.001, AOR-4.10, CI-5.22-10.22), and knowledge of household water treatment methods (P-0.04, AOR 1.56, CI 1.24-3.67). Conclusion: From the finding it was evident that the household water treatment practice was limited. Besides, the educated people, households with high monthly income and have knowledge about household water treatment were associated with household water treatment.
2019
Background:Clean water is an essential element for human health, wellbeing and prosperity. Every human being has the right to access safe drinking water. But, due to different problems, this is still faced the global challenge. The discontinuity of drinking water supply enforces households either to use water storage material or to use water from unimproved sources. Human life depends on clean and healthy environment. However, low environmental standards lead to reduced life expectancy. Most peoples who live in the developing countries are under risk of getting clean water and any form of sanitation services. Because of this, millions of peoples are suffering from diseases associated with poor water supply. Nowadays, it needs emphasis on the accessibility of drinking water and factors which determine the supply of safe drinking water for urban households. Objectives: This study aimed to assess sociodemographic, economic and water source types that influences households drinking water supply, and identify the determinants of water source types using practice, quality and sanitation perception among urban households in North-West Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among urban households from February to March 2019. An interview-based pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each kebeles from the households. Epi info version 7.2.1.0, and R Version 3.2.2 were used to enter and analyze the data; respectively. Descriptive statistics with frequency (counts and simple percentages) and chi-square and binary logistic regression were performed. P-value of less than 5% was taken as a significant factor. Results: 418 households were participated. On average, there were about 4.53 persons per each household. The most frequently used water source is pipe water (78.95%). Fetching water was the responsibility of females and children. Majority of the population of the town had no alternative sources, since traditional water sources were disturbed by animal and human wastes. Due to high scarcity of water supply, traditional water sources were used by the residents. The time taken from home to traditional water sources was about 55.74% of the population had got their water for a trip of 15-30 minutes and 35.17% of the population, 31-45 minutes, was much longer than the country average. About 44.50% of the population got their water supply partially per week. 91.15% of the population was under the problem of water scarcity in the town. About 85.65% of water scarcity was happened due to weak administration of the concerned government bodies. From the four hundred eighteen (418) households were participated in the study, 78.95% households were used improved and 21.05% households were used unimproved water sources. Household drinking water sources are significantly determined by Age(χ 2 = 20.392, df=3), Educational status(χ2 = 19.358, df=4), Source of income (χ2 = 21.777, df=3), Monthly income (χ2 = 13.322, df=3), Availability of additional facilities (χ2 = 98.144, df=7), Cleanness status (χ2 = 42.979, df=4), Scarcity of water (χ2 = 5.1388, df=1) and Family size (χ2 = 9.934, df=2). The logistic regression analysis also indicated, as those factors are significantly determined (p≤ 0.05) the water source types used by households. Factors such as: availability of toilet facility, household member type and sex of the head of the household are not significantly determine the water source is either from improved or unimproved sources. Conclusion: The water supply was inadequate, and the quality was poor. The median consumption was found to be 30 liters per household per day and 6.62 l/p/d, lower than the national and WHO minimum water consumption level of 20 l/p/d. Nine out of ten persons was under the problem of water scarcity in the town. The concerned government bodies should provide adequate and quality potable water facilities for the town residents. Based on the findings, we suggest that the local government shall give attention to the improved sources of water to be accessible for the wellbeing of the community.
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
Globally, about 435 million people depend on unimproved drinking water sources, and 144 million people still rely on surface water. Specifically, a significant part of the population in Ethiopia depends on unimproved water sources. Studies have examined household water treatment practices in the country, but there is limited research regarding the population that depends on unimproved water sources. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate household water treatment practices and related factors for the households that depend on unimproved water sources in the Ameya district of the Oromia Regional State in Southwest Ethiopia. A community-based, cross-sectional study was used to assess the water treatment practices and related factors for the households that use an unimproved water source in the Ameya district of the Oromia Regional State in Ethiopia. The study used a multistage sampling technique and included a total of 413 households. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package f...
Journal of Agricultural Extension, 2014
The study assessed the role of intra-household water management practices in transforming water resources available for agricultural activities in Benue State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 160 respondents used for the study. Data were collected using interview schedule. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis. Findings of the study showed that majority (67.8%) of the respondents indicated that women provided drinking water in their households; also majority (71.3%) indicated that women provided water for cooking and majority (66.1%) stated that women also provided water for laundry (66.1%), bathing (65.5%), and home cleaning (65.5%), while greater proportion (26.4%) indicated that boys were responsible for watering of livestock. The result showed that reducing the number of baths per household member (1.98), reducing the number of times dishes are wished per day (M=1.97), watering of gardens in the morning and evening only to reduce evaporation (1.95) gray water re-use (M=1.91), use of alum in purifying water (M=1.56), and use of water closet toilets (M=1.54) were among the water demand management strategies employed by households in the area. Strategies for improving water availability for households in the area include: participatory risk assessment involving local people and all other stakeholders (M=3.90), engaging the beneficiary community for which water provision is planned (M=3.88), encouraging local watershed management (M=3.88), mainstreaming gender in community water management (M=3.79) among others. It was recommended that gender mainstreaming in community water management be encourage so that both men and women will be involved in issues relating to water provision, policy and decision making for the development of water supply infrastructure.
Iconic Research And Engineering Journals, 2019
Access to safe portable water by households is very crucial for both health and developmental issues at the national, regional and local levels. The Biu plateau region is principally underlain by crystalline and sedimentary rocks, and the most reliable sources of domestic water are from underground water since most surface water sources are seasonal. The area usually experiences water scarcity due to the seasonal nature of rainfall being responsible for underground recharge, and the associated problem of climate change worsened by insecurity that has ravaged the region for the past 8 years. Household heads were randomly selected and interviewed from 48 settlements across the 5 Local Government Areas that constitute the Biu plateau region located in the southern part of Borno State. The study reveals that households have to travel long distance sometimes over 10km in order to obtain their daily water supply. The mean per capita household water consumption in the Biu plateau region is generally below 25 litres per person per day which falls far below World Health Organization minimum standard. In some communities, as high as 10 man-hours are used daily by women and children in the process of water procurement for domestic purposes leading to conflicts among water users over water points are common at both household and community levels. Using the correlations test at 5% significant level, there was no significant relationship between the income of household heads and the other factors of domestic water supply and consumption in the Biu plateau region. As a way forward to the daily challenges households in the region face, this paper recommends for greater individual participation in the provision of domestic water sources so that per capita consumption rate can be increased significantly in the long run.
OMO International Journal of Sciences
World Health Organization data on the burden of disease suggest that approximately 3.2% of thedeaths (1.8 million) and 4.2% of the disability-adjusted-life years (61.9 million) worldwide areattributable to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. The present study, therefore, aimed to assesshousehold water handling practices and associated factors among households of Chencha district,southern Ethiopia, 2017. Community based cross-sectional study design and a multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Data was collected by trained data collectors using pretested questionnaire administered in face to face interviews after getting ethical clearance from ethical review board of Arba Minch University and informed verbal consent from participants. Data entry and clearing was made by using EpiData version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentages was used. Crude and adjusted ...
2018
BACkGRounD: Household water treatment practice or managing water at the point-of-use provides a means of improving drinking water quality and preventing diarrheal diseases. However, evidence regarding household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia are limited. This study was, therefore, designed to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among households in Southern Ethiopia. METHoDS: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 627 households in Southern Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about household water treatment practice and associated factors among selected households through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between independent and dependent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the level of association. RESulTS: This study revealed that the level of household water treatment practice was 34.3% with 95% CI (30.7-38.1) and boiling was the most common method of household water treatment in the study area. Educational status of having formal education (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.34-3), withdrawing water from storage vessel by dipping (AOR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.2-2.87) and frequency of fetching water 3 or more times and above a day (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.45-4.88) were significantly associated with household water treatment practice. ConCluSion: Household water treatment practice is low in the study area. Educational status of having a formal education, drawing water by dipping, and those who collect their drinking water 3 or more times a day were predictors of household water treatment practice. Thus, efforts should be made to increase the level of household water treatment practice especially among those with no formal education and further studies should be conducted to understand the behavioral factors associated with household water treatment practice.
Environmental Health Insights
Background: Household water treatment practice or managing water at the point-of-use provides a means of improving drinking water quality and preventing diarrheal diseases. However, evidence regarding household water treatment practice and associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in Southern Ethiopia are limited. This study was, therefore, designed to assess household water treatment practice and associated factors among households in Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 627 households in Southern Ethiopia. A stratified random sampling technique was used in this study and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data about household water treatment practice and associated factors among selected households through face-to-face interviews. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between independent and dependent variab...
House Hold Water Management -Findings of Water Sanitation Survey From Kozhikode District
Background: WHO (2019) cites that, Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1 calls for universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water. The target is tracked with the indicator of "safely managed drinking water services"drinking water from an improved water source that is located on premises, available when needed, and free from faecal and priority chemical contamination. So in order to identify the household water management practices a house hold survey on household water management was undertaken Materials and method. water sanitation survey was carried out to assess the household water management which included the assessment of common sources of water supply to rural households, storage of water, purification and disinfection of water and prevention of water pollution among 250 adults from 250 rural households .Participants were selected using systematic random sampling From 3 different wards of a panchayat from Kozhikode district, Kerala. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Findings of the study showed that More number of the sample are in the age group of 50 to 59(40.4%).The minimum number of participants are in the 20 to 29 age category that is nine percentage .The mean age of participants was 47. 25+-9.306.majority were females (73.2%).majority had high school education (46%) have no job 55.6% and belong to APL Category (61.2%). the main water supply to rural household is well water supply i.e. 88.4%. Majority took less than 5mts to get water (77.6%). majority 78% took less than 10 meter to fetch water .the main method of storing water for household purpose is in plastic containers (50.4%) all house hold have RCA type of latrine.