Retention of methyl iodide on metal and TEDA impregnated activated carbon using indigenously developed setup (original) (raw)
Related papers
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021
HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License
Methyl Iodide Gas Removal from the Air by Activeated Carbon Imprignated with Amine Salts
2012
Background:Control of radioactive emissions from nuclear power plants, particularly radioactive iodine compounds before discharge to the environment is important. Methods: In this study, methyl Iodide vapour adsorbtion capacity was evaluated on the basis of the activated carbon and TEDA (tri ethylene di amine), and HMTA (Hexa methylen tetra amine) impregnated activated carbon bed . Results: The amounts of chemisorption and physical adsorption of methyl iodide were measured in different humidity levels (0 & 65%) for base and HMTA,TEDA-impregnated activated carbons. The physical adsorption of methyl iodide in the presence of water vapor was low. The significant amount of chemisorption even in high humidity conditions confirmed the effectiveness of TEDAimpregnation for trapping methyl iodide permanently.
Research Article, 2020
In current study, ASZM-TEDA carbon (Carbon impregnated with Copper, Silver, Zinc, Molybdenum and Triethylenediamine) was successfully prepared with non-ammonium water soluble salts using incipient wetness method and TEDA was impregnated on raw activated carbon (RAC) by sublimation process. Aim of this study was to access the adsorption capability of RAC and ASZM-TEDA carbon for SO2 and NO2 gases. For characterization of material, XRD, SEM, EDX spectroscopy, EDX mapping, TGA, BET surface area analyzer and Boehm titrations were used. Results indicate that ASZM-TEDA carbon, prepared with non-ammonium salts, provided satisfactory protection against challenge gases. Using the FTIR based gas analyzer, a significant increase in breakthrough time of ASZM-TEDA carbon was observed i.e. 29.0% for SO2 and 18.7% for NO2 gases as compared to RAC and breakthrough time was 210 and 197 min, respectively. Adsorption capability of ASZM-TEDA carbon was found to be 390 mg NO2 /g-C and 448 mg SO2 /g-C. In comparison with RAC, ASZM-TEDA carbon showed enhanced adsorption capability up to 31.5% for NO2 and 55.9% for SO2.
Research Articles, 2021
Impregnated activated carbons (IACs) have been prepared successfully from aqueous solution of copper, zinc, silver and molybdenum for the removal of toxic gases from air. First, the activated carbon was impregnated by imbibing limit method with single metal, then a combination of 2 to 4 metals was used. The aim of this study was to access the adsorption capability of raw activated carbons (RAC) and IACs for SO 2 and NO 2 gases. Different techniques such as XRD, TEM, SEM, EDX mapping, AAS and BET surface area analyzer were used for characterization of materials. Results indicate that IACs provided satisfactory protection against challenge gases. Using the FTIR based gas analyzer, a significant increase in breakthrough time of all IACs was observed as compared to RAC. The maximum breakthrough time was achieved with four metals (Cu, Zn, Ag and Mo) impregnated on activated carbon i.e. 120.5 min for SO 2 and 139.0 min for NO 2 , which were 13 and 25 times high respectively, in comparison with RAC. Adsorption capacity was found to be 320 mg SO 2 /g-C and 380 mg NO 2 /g-C. In comparison with RAC, ASZM2 carbon showed enhanced adsorption capability up to 30 times for SO 2 and 40 times for NO 2 .
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2020
This study proposed a novel activated carbon which was prepared from coal spills by physical activation. It was activated in tube furnace at 500 °C with nitrogen injection. Based on Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses, the coal spills-based activated carbon (CSFAC) was expected to have more pores and cavities compared to the untreated coal spills (UCS). This preliminary study focused on adsorption kinetics and isotherms by investigating separately the effects of two independent variables i.e. contact time and initial Cu(II) ions concentration. The temperature of ion solution was set at 30 °C (1 atm) and initial pH 5. The Cu (II) ions adsorbed onto the CSFAC and USC had best fitting to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with R 2 being 1.000 and 0.978, respectively. The Cu(II) ions equilibrium adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of the CSFAC were 90.909 mg/g and 0.093 g/mg.min respectively and they tracked well Freundlich adsorption isotherms with R 2 being 0.811 and 0.917, respectively. The Freundlich-based pore volume and adsorption intensity were 3.861 L/mg and 1.132 respectively. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of the CSFAC were approximately 50.848 m²/g and 0.018 cc/g respectively. Based on this research, CSFAC was found to be a good potential candidate to be used in water treatment in the near future.
Removal of gas-phase elemental mercury by iodine- and chlorine-impregnated activated carbons
Atmospheric Environment, 2004
Gas-phase Hg 0 adsorption experiments were carried out using iodine (I)-and chorine (Cl)-impregnated granular activated carbons in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. To verify the effect of chemical loading contents on removal of mercury, different concentrations of chemicals such as KI and HCl were applied. In addition, two types of impregnated activated carbons (ACs) were tested at different temperature conditions. The characteristics of impregnated ACs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy for surface morphology and chemical contents. BET analysis for surface area and X-ray spectroscopy for identification of mercury compounds on the carbon surface were conducted.
2012
APPENDIX 4. Adsorption of Cl-VOCs on SILP materials in fix bed reactor . . . . El apartado de resultados y discusión se ha organizado en forma de un compendio de contribuciones científicas publicadas en revistas internacionales como resultado del trabajo de investigación realizado durante el desarrollo de la presente Tesis Doctoral. Estos resultados se pueden clasificar en dos grandes bloques: el primero de ellos se centra en el tratamiento de LIs en fase acuosa y el segundo en la preparación, caracterización y aplicación de materiales avanzados basados en LIs sobre una matriz sólida, principalmente CAs. De este modo, el primer bloque de resultados consta de 3 publicaciones, en las que se propone una guía para la retención de LIs de corrientes acuosas, basada en la adsorción sobre CAs comerciales. El Artículo I presenta las isotermas de adsorción de 17 LIs sobre un CA comercial en fase acuosa. Se ha utilizado el método químico-cuántico COSMO-RS para describir las interacciones intermoleculares existentes en estos sistemas trifásicos (LI-agua-CA). También se muestra la caracterización de los sistemas mixtos (LI/CA). Por último, se propone la regeneración del CA, junto con la recuperación del LI, utilizando acetona como disolvente. El Artículo II extiende el espectro de LIs estudiados a un total de 27, así como el número de materiales adsorbentes, que incluye 12, con propiedades estructurales y químicas diversas. Esta variedad de LIs permite evaluar la influencia tanto del anión como del catión, así como del efecto de la porosidad y la naturaleza química del adsorbente en el proceso de adsorción. Además, gracias al estudio de las interacciones intermoleculares mediante COSMO-RS, se proponen funcionalizaciones optimizadas del CA que favorecen la adsorción de los LIs hidrofílicos, a priori refractarios a la adsorción sobre los CAs comerciales ensayados. El Artículo III describe un estudio cinético de la adsorción de un LI de referencia bajo diferentes condiciones de operación, como temperatura, tamaño de partícula, agitación y concentración inicial de LI, así como el tipo de CA utilizado. El estudio cinético permite establecer los mecanismos que determinan el proceso de adsorción y evaluar cómo afectan las condiciones de operación a las etapas controlantes. La evaluación conjunta de las 3 contribuciones sirve de guía para definir las características del material adsorbente y las condiciones de operación que favorecen la adsorción tanto en términos termodinámicos como cinéticos. ENIL systems open up new application fields which may include separation processes, catalytic or electrochemical. As a further contribution of this Doctoral Thesis a systematic characterization of these novel materials based on IL and AC was proposed (both SILP as ENIL). In this sense, it was established that elemental analysis (EA) allows to immediately and accurately quantify the incorporation of imidazolium-based IL on the support, a technique that has been usefully proved in a wide variety of solids. Meanwhile, the nitrogen adsorption/desorption and mercury porosimetry to assess the distribution of IL in the porous structure on the support, having observed a hierarchical IL incorporation on the solid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission (TEM) enable to observe the placing of IL on the solid matrix, and also to assess the morphology of these materials, showing that the outer surface is covered by high amounts of IL. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) detects certain elements present in advanced material, such as P, F or B. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) assess the thermal stability of these materials mixed, concluding that its stability and the IL decomposition mechanism are influenced by the chemistry surface of the solid support. Another objective of this work is the use of molecular simulation tools to support the experimental research lines, which are of particular interest in the field of ILs, due to the large number of possible ion combinations. Molecular simulation refers to a set of useful computational methods which describe the matter behavior from information from its molecules. Among the available models, the COSMO-RS method has great potential for application to the development of new processes based on ILs. COSMO-RS predict thermodynamic properties from quantum-chemical calculations based on simple molecular models without previous experimental data. Its implementation has yielded valuable information regarding different parts of this Doctoral Thesis, as predicting properties of ILs (density, viscosity, molecular volume) and their mixtures (G-L equilibrium data, L-L, L-S and G-S) for validation and experimental justifications for their behavior. On the other hand, allows the design of IL or AC with suitable properties for the retention of gaseous pollutants, by calculating the equilibrium constants, key information for G-L separation operations or G-S (Henry's constant and partition coefficients). This simulation provides an efficient procedure for selecting the anion-cation ion pair for optimal properties of IL, thus avoiding lengthy and expensive experimental studies and to evaluate the effect of the surface oxygen groups in ACs SUMMARY XXII for a suitable functionalization of face for further application as adsorbent materials. Moreover, the intermolecular interactions understanding based on excess enthalpies of binary mixtures including IL is show as useful for the design of systems in order to gaseous ammonia separation based on ILs or adsorption of ILs from aqueous phase using AC with different chemical nature.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
In Malaysia, issues of pharmaceutical pollutant have been highlighted recently. Acetaminophen (analgesic) also known as paracetamol that usually used to reduce moderate pain such as headaches, menstrual periods, cold/flu aches and fever. There are a large amount of acetaminophen has been detected in sewage treatment plants in Malaysia. Unfortunately, sewage treatment plants are not effective enough to overcome this kind of pollutant. Therefore, in this research study, a new approach applying adsorption concept is introduced. Thin activated carbon coating (TACC) for adsorption of acetaminophen (ACT) was investigated. The TACC is formulated using Epoxidized Neutral Rubber (ENR-50) and poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) as binders with activated carbon as an adsorbent, then was coated on white cotton fabric via brushing technique. Characterization analysis using SEM-EDX and BET analysis were performed. The pore volume and surface area of the TACC are 0.07 cm 3 /g and 64.3 m 2 /g, respectively. The TACC was evaluated through varies parameters including different initial concentrations and temperatures. The amount of ACT as adsorbate, 50 mg/L, able to be adsorbed up to 33.3 mg/g into TACC within 5 h. The result of equilibrium and kinetic studies indicated that Freundlich isotherm model and pseudosecond-order, respectively, are best fitted the adsorption of ACT onto TACC. It was decisive that the adsorption process of ACT on TACC is spontenoous (∆G⁰ <0) and exothermic (∆H⁰ <0) through thermodynamic studies.
An IGC Study of the Role of Washing Procedures on the Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbons
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to study the influence of different washing treatments (acid, basic and combined washings) on the adsorption properties of two different activated carbons (steam-and chemically-activated). Chemical and textural characterization was carried out by the use of nitrogen adsorption, ICP-MS and temperature programmed desorption methods. The adsorption capacity and the interaction strength (sub-divided into dispersive and specific components) were determined by IGC.
Modification of Activated Carbon for Enhancement of Gas Contaminant Removal: A Review
Activated carbon is used in numerous environmental applications for gas contaminants uptake. The major factors that determine the application of activated carbon for specific application are surface area, pore size and surface chemistry of the carbon. Therefore, effectiveness of activated carbon is dependent on modification of its properties to enhance its affinity towards specific gas contaminants. This is due to the diversity in nature and properties of the contaminants. The activated carbon surface functional groups and pore structure are strongly dependent on the methods of activation and the nature precursor used. Therefore, the main focus of researchers is to develop or modifies the activation techniques in an optimal manner using appropriate precursors for specific applications. This paper aims at reviewing some of the techniques used in modification of the activated carbon to enhance its adsorptive property towards specific gas contaminants uptake. From literature, it's revealed that modification increase contaminant uptake by more than factor of two.