Loss of Gibberellin Production in Fusarium verticillioides (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-A) Is Due to a Deletion in the Gibberellic Acid Gene Cluster (original) (raw)
Related papers
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005
Fusarium species have been identified within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Members of this species complex are the only species of the genus Fusarium that contain the gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic gene cluster or at least parts of it. However, the ability of fusaria to produce GAs is so far restricted to Fusarium fujikuroi, although at least six other MPs contain all the genes of the GA biosynthetic gene cluster. Members of Fusarium proliferatum, the closest related species, have lost the ability to produce GAs as a result of the accumulation of several mutations in the coding and 5 noncoding regions of genes P450-4 and P450-1, both encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, resulting in metabolic blocks at the early stages of GA biosynthesis. In this study, we have determined additional enzymatic blocks at the first specific steps in the GA biosynthesis pathway of F. proliferatum: the synthesis of geranylgeranyl diphosphate and the synthesis of ent-kaurene. Complementation of these enzymatic blocks by transferring the corresponding genes from GA-producing F. fujikuroi to F. proliferatum resulted in the restoration of GA production. We discuss the reasons for Fusarium species outside the G. fujikuroi species complex having no GA biosynthetic genes, whereas species distantly related to Fusarium, e.g., Sphaceloma spp. and Phaeosphaeria spp., produce GAs.
Phytochemistry, 2010
Several isolates of three Fusarium species associated with the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex were characterized for their ability to synthesize gibberellins (GAs): Fusarium sacchari (mating population B), Fusarium konzum (mating population I) and Fusarium subglutinans (mating population E). Of these, F. sacchari is phylogenetically related to Fusarium fujikuroi and is grouped in the Asian clade of the complex, while F. konzum and F. subglutinans are only distantly related to Fusarium fujikuroi and belong to the American clade. Variability was found between the different F. sacchari strains tested. Five isolates (B-12756; B-1732, B-7610, B-1721 and B-1797) were active in GA biosynthesis and accumulated GA3 in the culture fluid (2.76–28.4 μg/mL), while two others (B-3828 and B-1725) were inactive. GA3 levels in strain B-12756 increased by 2.9 times upon complementation with ggs2 and cps-ks genes from F. fujikuroi. Of six F. konzum isolates tested, three (I-10653; I-11616; I-11893) synthesized GAs, mainly GA1, at a low level (less than 0.1 μg/mL). Non-producing F. konzum strains contained no GA oxidase activities as found for the two F. subglutinans strains tested. These results indicate that the ability to produce GAs is present in other species of the G. fujikuroi complex beside F. fujikuroi, but might differ significantly in different isolates of the same species.Gibberellin biosynthesis is present in Fusarium sacchari and Fusarium konzum, two species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex, although this ability can differ significantly in different isolates. GA3 or GA1, respectively, are the main gibberellins synthesized. By contrast, Fusarium subglutinans is inactive in gibberellin biosynthesis.
Indian Phytopathology, 2019
The Gibberella fujikuroi complex (GFC), consists of more than 50 anamorphs and 11 sexually fertile biological species (mating populations MP-A to MP-K) in the genus Fusarium is responsible for devastating diseases of economically important agricultural and horticultural plants. This species complex is known for variety of secondary metabolites like fumonisins, fusaroproliferin, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid, and gibberellins. Further, secondary metabolites production varies among the closely related species of GFC. Therefore, production of a specific metabolite by the species of GFC may be informative for the species identification and phylogenetic characterization. Recently, genome of some members of GFC are sequenced which helped these species to link with the products of several biosynthetic clusters. This review presents the current status of research on identification and functional characterizations of novel secondary metabolite gene clusters. As detailed of secondary metabolites synthesis genes are characterized in Fusarium fujikuroi therefore, genes involved for the biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites were emphasized in F. fujikuroi along with other Fusarium spp. of G. fujikuroi species complex.
Phytochemistry, 2005
Gibberella fujikuroi is a species-rich monophyletic complex of at least nine sexually fertile biological species (mating populations, MP-A to MP-I) and more than 30 anamorphs in the genus Fusarium. They produce a variety of secondary metabolites, such as fumonisins, fusaproliferin, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid, and gibberellins (GAs), a group of plant hormones. In this study, we examined for the first time all nine sexually fertile species (MPs) and additional anamorphs within and outside the G. fujikuroi species complex for the presence of GA biosynthetic genes. So far, the ability to produce GAs was described only for Fusarium fujikuroi (G. fujikuroi MP-C), which contains seven clustered genes in the genome all participating in GA biosynthesis. We show that six other MPs (MPs B, D, E, F, G, and I) and most of the anamorphs within the species complex also contain the entire gene cluster, except for F. verticillioides (MP-A), and F. circinatum (MP-H), containing only parts of it. Despite the presence of the entire gene cluster in most of the species within the G. fujikuroi species complex, expression of GA biosynthetic genes and GA production were detected only in F. fujikuroi (MP-C) and one isolate of F. konzum (MP-I). We used two new molecular marker genes, P450-4 from the GA gene cluster, and cpr, encoding the highly conserved NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase to study phylogenetic relationships within the G. fujikuroi species complex. The molecular phylogenetic studies for both genes have revealed good agreement with phylogenetic trees inferred from other genes. Furthermore, we discuss the role and evolutionary origin of the GA biosynthetic gene cluster.The existence of the gibberellin biosynthetic gene cluster, the expression of the genes and the ability to produce gibberellins were analyzed in several Fusarium species of the Gibberrella fujikuroi species complex.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2005
Gibberella fujikuroi is a species complex with at least nine different biological species, termed mating populations (MPs) A to I (MP-A to MP-I), known to produce many different secondary metabolites. So far, gibberellin (GA) production is restricted to Fusarium fujikuroi (G. fujikuroi MP-C), although at least five other MPs contain all biosynthetic genes. Here, we analyze the GA gene cluster and GA pathway in the closest related species, Fusarium proliferatum (MP-D), and demonstrate that the GA genes share a high degree of sequence homology with the corresponding genes of MP-C. The GA production capacity was restored after integration of the entire GA gene cluster from MP-C, indicating the existence of an active regulation system in F. proliferatum. The results further indicate that one reason for the loss of GA production is the accumulation of several mutations in the coding and 5 noncoding regions of the ent-kaurene oxidase gene, P450-4.
The P450-1 gene of Gibberella fujikuroi encodes a multifunctional enzyme in gibberellin biosynthesis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2001
Recent studies have shown that the genes of the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis pathway in the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi are organized in a cluster of at least seven genes. P450 -1 is one of four cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in this cluster. Disruption of the P450 -1 gene in the GA-producing wild-type strain IMI 58289 led to total loss of GA production. Analysis of the P450 -1-disrupted mutants indicated that GA biosynthesis was blocked immediately after ent-kaurenoic acid. The function of the P450 -1 gene product was investigated further by inserting the gene into mutants of G. fujikuroi that lack the entire GA gene cluster; the gene was highly expressed under GA production conditions in the absence of the other GA-biosynthesis genes.
Improved GA 1 production by Fusarium fujikuroi
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2003
Recent studies into gibberellin A 1 (GA 1) showed it to be physiologically more active than GA 3 in plants of great agricultural interest, such as tomatoes, rice, peas, and sweet cherries. We describe here a simple procedure for obtaining large quantities of GA 1 (1,500 mg/l) by incubating the FKMC1995 strain of Fusarium fujikuroi in a standard complex medium (SCM). We also compare the GA production of this strain with that of two other wild-type strains of F. fujikuroi (IMI58289, m567) in SCM and low-nitrogen medium and discuss the possible biogenetic mechanisms involved in the over-accumulation of GA 1 by FKMC1995.
Production of gibberellic acids by an orchid-associated Fusarium proliferatum strain
Fungal Genetics and Biology, 2008
The rice pathogen Fusarium fujikuroi is well known for its ability to produce the plant hormones gibberellins (GAs). However, the majority of closely related Fusarium species is unable to produce GAs although the GA gene cluster is present in their genomes. In this study, we analyzed five orchid-associated Fusarium isolates for their capacity to produce GAs. Four of them did not produce any GAs and were shown not to contain any GA biosynthetic genes. However, the fifth isolate, which has been identified as F. proliferatum based on five molecular markers, produced significant amounts of GAs in contrast to previously characterized F. proliferatum strains. We focused on the molecular characterization of two GA-specific genes, ggs2 and cps/ks, both inactive in F. proliferatum strain D-02945. Complementation of a F. fujikuroi Dggs2 mutant with the ET1 ggs2 gene fully restored GA biosynthesis, confirming that the orchid-associated isolate contains an active gene copy. A possible correlation between GA production and their role in plant-fungal interactions is discussed.