Pakistan Relations with the world (original) (raw)
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Pakistan's Growing Relations with Russia: Factoring in the Role of the US
Strategic Studies, 2018
It is argued that there are no permanent friends or foes in the realm of international relations, only interests are primary and supreme. Every nation-state in the world adheres to this rule and Pakistan is no different. Given the roller-coaster nature of Pak-US relations, the former's foreign policy orientation has always remained buoyant with and peripheral to that of the latter. However, with the world shifting from unipolarity to multi-polarity, Pakistan needs to modify its foreign policy orientation according to the changing international and regional circumstances. Significant global player such as Russia has emerged, who has a revisionist stance towards the contemporary state of affairs. Recently, Russia has managed to reassert its significance globally as well as regionally. It is also rethinking its policy towards South Asia. Therefore, being a strategically important country in this region, it becomes imperative for Pakistan to forget the Cold War baggage and look towards a different relationship with the regional power based on cooperation and mutual trust while maintaining stability in its bilateral relations with the US. This research aims to surmise the bilateral relationships of Pakistan with both, the US and Russia, the recent emerging trends in these relationships and what options does Pakistan have for balanced and stable relations with Russia and the US to achieve and secure its foreign policy objectives.
Challenges and Opportunities in Pakistan-US Relations and it’s Impact on Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Research Journal for Societal Issues
This article illumination on Pakistan-US relations and various aspects of their common history. There have been many vicissitudes throughout history, which have led to the phenomena of trust and mistrust as well as perceptions and misperceptions. An outline of this research has been prepared with regard to the relations between convergence and divergence of interests. Due to numerous and complex factors, the history of relations between Pakistan and the US has often moved in a roller coaster pattern. The two state’s bilateral relations affected by this multifaceted relationship, which has two distinct co-dependency and trust deficit methods. This article aims to highlight the issues of miscellaneous opinions and policies between Pakistan and the US over the distinctive national and international contexts that directly link the interests of the two parties and outline causes of interaction between them to survive during essential times of vicissitudes. This article described the conv...
Various Phases of Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Review 1947-2016
Pakistan Journal of History & Culture, 2016
A country foreign policy is not only the first line of its national defence, but it also guarantees a nation rightful place in the international community. It is always the product of interaction of many forces like historical, ideological, economic, national interests and geo-political situation that determine the country's outlook in the world affairs. Pakistan foreign policy is no exception to such stated points. The most important issues in Pakistan's foreign policy are security, political independence, territorial integrity, sovereignty and social and economic development etc. Keeping in mind these issues along with its geo-strategic position, Pakistan has formulated its foreign policy over the years, and has passed through stages during its development. In the initial years of its independence, Pakistan followed an independent policy with the objectives of friendship with all countries. Then it played an important role in the cold war politics, and also remained a strategic partner in the Afghan resistance movement. It remained the most sanctioned country in the nineteen ninety and then played a front line role in the global counter terrorism strategy. This papers deals with various phases/periods of Pakistan foreign policy since its independence.
Pakistan’s Evolving Relations with China, Russia, and Central Asia
Since the events of 9/11, Pakistan has adopted a proactive and pragmatic approach in its foreign relations that helped the country to stage a diplomatic comeback at regional and global levels. Pakistan has been able to effectively transform the post-9/11 challenges into opportunities and as a result has become a frontline state in international efforts in the fight against terrorism. The international community has duly acknowledged Pakistan's contribution in the war against terrorism and its endeavors to create a stable regional environment by initiating processes to improve its relations with India and Afghanistan. Following the end of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and a change in Pakistan's Afghan policy, a major hindrance in improving relations with Russia and the Central Asian states has been removed and there are strong signs of improvement in bilateral relations. With China, Pakistan is moving extensively into economic cooperation, which has been a missing dimension in their comprehensive bilateral relations. To improve relations with all the countries of the neighboring regions in a mutually beneficial manner is one of the core objectives of Pakistan's foreign policy.
This study deals with the dimensions of Pakistan's foreign policy right from its inception in 1947 up to the 9/11 Incident. Being a founding father of the nation Quaid-i-Azam set the directions for all departments of the newly born state including its foreign policy. Later on the policy was further developed by the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaqat Ali Khan and the Foreign Minister of Pakistan Zaffarullah Khan. The regional and international challenges resulted in Pakistan's alliance and reliance on the US and the Western World. Consequently Pakistan joined the US sponsored pacts i.e. SEATO and CENTO in 1954 and 1955 respectively. In 1960s Pakistan's relations with China were developed and border agreement was signed between the two countries in 1963 and during Indo-Pak War of 1965 China supported Pakistan on all stages. In 1970s Pakistan's foreign policy saw the new dimensions in the wake of separation of East Pakistan 1979and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1979. These developments influenced Pakistan greatly and brought Pakistan in the laps of US and the Western World. On the other hand cordial and friendly relations were also developed with the Muslim World especially the Arabs. Likewise Pakistan's stance over Nuclear Issue in 1990s, Kargil Crisis and 9/11 Incident is one of the hot issues of present study.
New Trends and Paradigm Shifts in Pakistan and Pakistan-India Relations: Pakistan's Perspective
Journal of International Relations and Foreign Policy, 2013
Pakistan's foreign policy is a story of constrains and compulsions rather than the leeway to exercise fair options. Its geographic location dictated, most of the choices it made, which also resulted in Pakistan getting entangled in super power rivalry. The last five plus years, Pakistan has faced the most serious challenges ever. This has resulted in several paradigm shifts and new trends that have emerged in the polity of Pakistan. These challenges can be turned into opportunities, if the new developments are consolidated. They may have a favorable impact on Pakistan itself and on its regional relations. The most prominent of these are the democratic transition in Pakistan, the changing Pakistan-US relationships, the situation in Afghanistan and imperatives of economic globalization. The paper takes into account and discusses their impact on Pak-India relations: Pakistan and India are on the dialogue table for the sixth time. This paper is an attempt to analyze how these paradigm shifts and new trends emerging in Pakistan, may actually result in sustainable better relations between the two protagonists of the region.
Historical Perspective of Pakistan USA Relations; Lessons for Pakistan
The United States and Pakistan established diplomatic relations in 1947 the US agreement to provide economic and military assistance to Pakistan and the latter's partnership in the CENTO and SETO strengthened relations between the two nations. However, that US suspension of military assistance during the 1965, 1971, 1975, generated a white spread feeling in Pakistan that the United States was not a reliable ally. The soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 highlighted the common interest of Pakistan and the United States in peace and stability in South Asia. The purpose of this paper is to analyze Pakistan US relationship in historical perspective, highlighting lesson that Pakistan should learn from its past's experiences with the US and recommended a viable strategy for the future.
Determinants of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy with Respect to Russia’s Past, Present and Future
Global Political Review, 2016
Pakistan and Russia have a history of divergence and ambiguity in their foreign policies. Since Independence Pakistans policy towards Russia remained complex and contradictory. Historically there were highs and lows in their relationship, but uncertainty prevails in their approaches. This was due to Pakistans western inclination and Russias pro-India alliance. However, the relationship was revitalized in the last 2 decades as both states see strategic interest in improving the relationship. Russia has started to exert itself as a superpower in the current geopolitics whereas Pakistan has also managed to improve its status as a regional player with respect to geostrategic location, its proximity to hot waters and its role in Afghanistan. However, Pakistans foreign policy realignment took 50 years to adjust to improve the Pak-Russia relationship. One needs to assess the determinants of Pakistans foreign policy with respect to Russia with historical contradictions and current reality.
Pakistan’s Foreign Policy: Initial Perspectives and Stages
Global Regional Review
Pakistan is a state like other states of the world. When it came out from the British net the initial stages were very tough for it. It was considered that it will rejoin India. But the administration of that time took sincere initiatives to manage the affairs gradually. Cold war started at that time between the Communist and Capitalist blocks. Newly established states joined one of them. Pakistan was also one of them. Its foreign policy principles, rules and regulations are highlighted in this paper. All these steps are discussed below gradually with the help of primary and secondary sources. It is concluded that Pakistan had no choice to join the capitalist block because of its financial position that forced it to take such decisions as compared to India. But security and sovereignty were never compromised in every era and at every stage.