Ionic Liquids as “Green Solvent and/or Electrolyte” for Energy Interface (original) (raw)
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Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023
Ionic liquids (ILs), known as green designer solvents, have shown tremendous application potential in various elds of science and technology. Their unusual and unique physicochemical properties have attracted researchers worldwide from interdisciplinary research areas. ILs possess high boiling point and low volatility, that makes them suitable environmentally benign candidates for many potential applications. The more important aspect associated with ILs is their physicochemical properties can be effectively changed for desired applications just by tuning the structure of the cationic and/or anionic part of ILs. Furthermore, these environmentally benign designer materials can be used as both electrolytes as well as solvents depending on the requirement. Owing to thedistinctive properties such as low volatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, better ionic conductivity, ILs are nowadays immensely used in variety of energy applications, particularly in the development of green and sustainable energy storage and conversion devices. Suitable ILs are designed for speci c purposesto be used as electrolytes and/or solvents for fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors(SCs) and solar cells. Herein, we have highlighted the utilization of ILs as unique green designer materials in Li-batteries, fuel cells,SCs and solar cells. This review will enlighten the promising prospects of these unique environmentally sustainable materials for next-generation green energy conversion and storage devices.
Potentialities of ionic liquids as new electrolyte media in advanced electrochemical devices
Ionics, 2006
This paper reviews the various classes of ionic liquids (ILs) in view of their established and expected applications in advanced electrochemical devices, such as lithium batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. In this respect, particular attention is devoted to aprotic and protic ILs, with a related discussion in terms of their thermal and transport properties. In addition, the role in the electrochemical technology of a new class of ILs having cation and anion tethered in an intramolecular form is stressed. Due to their emerging importance, IL-based polymers are finally reported and discussed. A conclusion, where the expected evolution of the ILs research and development is evaluated, is also included.
Ionic liquids and their solid-state analogues as materials for energy generation and storage
Nature Reviews Materials, 2016
Salts that are liquid at room temperature, now commonly called ionic liquids, have been known for more than 100 years; however, their unique properties have only come to light in the past two decades. In this Review, we examine recent work in which the properties of ionic liquids have enabled important advances to be made in sustainable energy generation and storage. We discuss the use of ionic liquids as media for synthesis of electromaterials, for example, in the preparation of doped carbons, conducting polymers and intercalation electrode materials. Focusing on their intrinsic ionic conductivity, we examine recent reports of ionic liquids used as electrolytes in emerging high-energy-density and low-cost batteries, including Li-ion, Li-O 2 , Li-S, Na-ion and Al-ion batteries. Similar developments in electrolyte applications in dye-sensitized solar cells, thermo-electrochemical cells, double-layer capacitors and CO 2 reduction are also discussed.
Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and Conversion Materials and Devices
Chemical reviews, 2017
Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions and can be further defined as molten salts having melting points lower than 100 °C. One of the most important research areas for IL utilization is undoubtedly their energy application, especially for energy storage and conversion materials and devices, because there is a continuously increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. In this article, various application of ILs are reviewed by focusing on their use as electrolyte materials for Li/Na ion batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, Li-oxygen batteries, and nonhumidified fuel cells and as carbon precursors for electrode catalysts of fuel cells and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Due to their characteristic properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity, ILs appear to meet the rigorous demands/criteria of these various applications. However, for further development, specific applications for which these characte...
Communications Chemistry
The development of efficient CO2 capture and utilization technologies driven by renewable energy sources is mandatory to reduce the impact of climate change. Herein, seven imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) with different anions and cations were tested as catholytes for the CO2 electrocatalytic reduction to CO over Ag electrode. Relevant activity and stability, but different selectivities for CO2 reduction or the side H2 evolution were observed. Density functional theory results show that depending on the IL anions the CO2 is captured or converted. Acetate anions (being strong Lewis bases) enhance CO2 capture and H2 evolution, while fluorinated anions (being weaker Lewis bases) favour the CO2 electroreduction. Differently from the hydrolytically unstable 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Triflate was the most promising IL, showing the highest Faradaic efficiency to CO (>95%), and up to 8 h of stable operation at high current rates (−20 ...
Design of Ionic Liquids for Electrochemical Applications
Australian Journal of Chemistry, 2004
Zwitterionic liquids composed of a tethered cation and anion were synthesized and their thermal properties and ionic conductivity were investigated as novel ionic liquids especially for electrochemical applications. We prepared nine zwitterions in this study. In addition, this paper includes 36 kinds of zwitterions already reported in order to discuss the relationship between the zwitterion structure and their properties. Most zwitterions melt above 100°C; their melting points are generally higher than that of simple ionic liquids. When an equimolar amount of lithium salt (LiTFSI, LiBETI, LiCF3SO3, LiBF4, or LiClO4) was added to the zwitterion, the mixture showed only a glass transition temperature Tg. The Tg values of the zwitterionic liquid/salt mixture showed the lowest value of –37°C when mixed with LiTFSI. This mixture also showed the highest ionic conductivity of 8.9 × 10–4 S cm–1 at 100°C. There is a good relationship between Tg and the ionic conductivity of the zwitterionic ...
Synthesis and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Clean Energy and Environment: A Review
Ionic liquids (ILS) are typically referred to as "green" or "designer" solvents. These solvents consist entirely of ionic species exhibiting many fascinating properties, such as non-flammability, low vapour pressure, wide electrochemical window and thermodynamic kinetic stability. Moreover, these remarkable properties can also be adjusted by using various synthesis methods. The application of ILs solves many major problems in green energy production and environment including solar energy, biomass and CO2 adsorption. Although, given our current state of knowledge, the applications of ILs are unpredictable; they have nonetheless rapidly attracted enormous attention in the fields of modern physical chemistry, materials science, applied technologies and engineering. This review focuses on the basic ILs synthesis methods and the latest advancements in the clean energy and environmental application of ILs.
Energy applications of ionic liquids
Energy Environ. Sci., 2014
Ionic liquids offer a unique suite of properties that make them important candidates for a number of energy related applications. Cation-anion combinations that exhibit low volatility coupled with high electrochemical and thermal stability, as well as ionic conductivity, create the possibility of designing ideal electrolytes for batteries, super-capacitors, actuators, dye sensitised solar cells and thermoelectrochemical cells. In the field of water splitting to produce hydrogen they have been used to synthesize some of the best performing water oxidation catalysts and some members of the protic ionic liquid family co-catalyse an unusual, very high energy efficiency water oxidation process. As fuel cell electrolytes, the high proton conductivity of some of the protic ionic liquid family offers the potential of fuel cells operating in the optimum temperature region above 100 C. Beyond electrochemical applications, the low vapour pressure of these liquids, along with their ability to offer tuneable functionality, also makes them ideal as CO 2 absorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture. Similarly, the tuneable phase properties of the many members of this large family of salts are also allowing the creation of phase-change thermal energy storage materials having melting points tuned to the application. This perspective article provides an overview of these developing energy related applications of ionic liquids and offers some thoughts on the emerging challenges and opportunities.
Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids [Working Title]
The breathtaking pace of the development of smart and wearable gadgets, electric vehicles and many other ultraportable devices has ushered into the era of rapid development of rechargeable batteries with enhanced safety, high-performance, high gravimetric and volumetric energy density. New battery chemistries are being constantly explored to identify better electrolytes that are environmental-friendly, nonflammable, reusable and most importantly ultra-customizable for high-performance applications. Ionic liquid, by virtue of its unique set of tunable properties, is a natural choice from both academic and industrial perspectives. A general guiding principle of ionic liquid synthesis proceeds via an appropriate selection of precursors from the ionic liquid toolbox and reaction with the alkyl halide followed by the metathesis or simple acid-base reaction yielding the final ionic liquid. This study is a complete and extensive treatise on the usage of the ionic liquids in the electrolyte...