Characterization of Directed Diffusion Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network (original) (raw)
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Energy-efficient differentiated directed diffusion (EDDD) in wireless sensor networks
2006
A number of routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent years. Considering energy-efficiency as the primary objective, most of routing protocols focus on reducing the number of packet transmissions by clustering, leveraging geographical information, and so on. These routing protocols in sensor networks have the limitation of lacking application contexts for filtering or aggregation. To remedy this, Directed Diffusion (DD) , which utilizes application contexts in data dissemination, is proposed. However, DD cannot support time-sensitive traffic nor perform energy-balancing to increase network lifetime. To bridge this gap, this paper extends DD as follows: (1) real-time (RT) filters to provide better end-to-end (ETE) delay performance for real-time traffic, (2) best-effort (BE) filters to achieve global energy balance and to prolong network lifetime, (3) RT-repairs to fast recover node/link failure for RT traffic. The extended DD is dubbed energy-efficient differentiated directed diffusion (EDDD). Comprehensive simulation experiments show that EDDD has the following advantages: (1) differentiates dissemination service for RT and BE traffic, (2) achieves lower delay for RT traffic than DD, (3) exhibits substantially longer network lifetime than DD. q
Energy-efficient Secure Directed Diffusion Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 2013
In wireless sensor networks, it is crucial to design and employ energy-efficient communication protocols, since nodes are battery-powered and thus their lifetimes are limited. Such constraints combined with a great number of applications used in these networks, pose many challenges (limited energy, low security…) to the design and management of wireless sensor networks. These challenges necessitate a great attention. In this paper, we present a new version of Directed Diffusion routing protocol which provides both security and energy efficiency together in wireless sensor networks.
Network lifetime is an important issue in wireless sensor networks. One of the main problems in directed diffusion is the implementation of flooding diffusion used to forward interest and discover the routing map that reduces network lifetime through high energy consumption. The main purpose of this study is to limit flooding for the purpose of increasing network lifetime. In this paper, interests are classified based on their content; and the network is divided geographically. A counter is assigned to each Geographical location that will determine the use of Flooding for a potential existence of a source and to use Rumor for else where. Using the above mentioned recommendations, energy consumption would decrease due to the reduction in Flooding; and consequently, network lifetime would increase.
Nodes' credit based directed diffusion for wireless sensor networks
For data gathering in wireless sensor networks, sensors extract useful information from environment; this information has to be routed through several intermediate nodes to reach the destination. How information can effectively disseminate to the destination is one of the most important tasks in sensor networks. Problem arises when intermediate nodes fail to forward incoming packets. Due to limited power and slow processor in each node, algorithms of sensor networks must be designed carefully. Directed Diffusion (DD) is a typical data-centric algorithm which has been used to provide efficient data transmission. We enhance this algorithm based on nodes' credit by using five factors. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm is more energy efficient and reliable than DD and has the ability of traffic load distribution.
Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
2000
Advances in processor, memory and radio technology will enable small arid cheap nodes capable of sensing, communication and computation. Networks of such nodes can coordinate to perform distributed sensing of environmental phenomena. In this paper, we explore the directed diffusion paradigm for such coordination. Directed diffusion is datacentric in that all communication is for named data. All nodes in a directed diffusion-based network are applicationaware. This enables diffusion to achieve energy savings by selecting empirically good paths and by caching and processing data in-network. We explore and evaluate the use of directed diffusion for a simple remote-surveillance sensor network.
An Integrative Comparison of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Wireless Sensor Network, 2012
Many advances have been made in sensor technologies which are as varied as the applications; and many more are in progress. It has been reasonable to design and develop small size sensor nodes of low cost and low power. In this work, we have explored some energy-efficient routing protocols (LEACH, Directed Diffusion, Gossiping and EESR) and their expansions (enhancements), and furthermore, their tactics specific to wireless sensor network, such as data aggregation and in-network processing, clustering, different node role assignment, and data-centric methods. After that we have compared these explored routing protocols based on different metrics that affect the specific application requirements and WSN in general.
Comparison of Flooding and Directed Diffusion for Wireless Sensor Network
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of thousands of tiny sensor nodes having the capability of wireless communication, limited computation and sensing. In this paper, all the components of a sensor node are discussed in brief. Also, a comparison of two routing protocols Flooding and Directed Diffusion on the basis of throughput, energy consumption and network lifetime is presented.
A WSN is a specialized wireless network made up of large number of sensors and at least one base station. The foremost or the main difference between WSN and the traditional wireless networks is that sensors are extremely sensitive to energy consumption. Energy saving in the crucial issue in designing the wireless sensor networks ... Since the radio transmission and reception consumes more energy, one of the most or the main significant issue in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. It is preferable to dispense the energy throughout the wireless sensor network so to maximize the lifetime of sensor nodes. So it is essential to design effective and energy aware protocols in order to enhance the life time of the network. A wireless sensor network may have network structure based or protocol operation based routing protocol. In this paper, a review on hierarchical based routing protocol which is further a sub-type of the network structure based routing protocol in WSNs is carried out. Major issues which are considered in WSNs are Energy consumption and network life time.