Ventricular pseudoaneurysm rupture – a potentially fatal complication of myocardial infarction (original) (raw)
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Ruptured ventricular pseudoaneurysm
Heart, 1998
A 73 year old man developed a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm following acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed triple vessel disease with total occlusion of the right coronary artery. On left ventriculography, a serpentine-like pseudoaneurysm was demonstrated that originated from the posterobasal wall of the left ventricle and extended to the right ventricular free wall. He underwent coronary artery bypass surgery with no plication of the pseudoaneurysm. An organised thrombus was also found within the cavity of the pseudoaneurysm. He was doing well approximately eight months after the operation. The prognosis might be determined by the organised thrombus, the serpentinelike structure of pseudoaneurysm, the coronary revascularisation, and the vigorous medical management. (Heart 1998;80:94-97)
Cardiac Surgery and Follow-up Diagnosis of the Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm Patient
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysms (LVP) are false aneurysms caused by the rupture of left ventricular wall as a complication of myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, congenital heart disease, and, more rarely endocarditis. It is a rare condition that initiates 3-14 days are myocardial infarction affecting 0.5% of the patients. The known risk factors to develop LVP are age, history of hypertension, deficiency of collateral circulation after myocardial infarction, and female gender. The current case report describes LVP in a 58-year old male patient with frontal acute myocardial infarction history. The patient was diagnosed using ECG, CINE-MRI, DE-IR analysis, and thorax-CT followed by urgent cardiac surgery. The diagnosis was an apical pseudoaneurysm caused by previous myocardial necrosis. The Immunohistochemistry suggested cardiac fibrosis. The patient was discharged asymptomatic for angina pectoris, dyspnea and palpitations, and prescribed warfarin against clotting, β-blocker/vasodilator, furosemide diuretic, angiotensin receptor blocker, and proton pump inhibitor medication. After six months of follow-up, the patient demonstrated the absence of preoperative symptoms.
Postinfarction Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm
Clinical Cardiology, 1997
Left ventricular wall rupture after myocardial infarction is a mechanical complication that may result in a pseudoaneurysm. Between January 1994 and October 1996, false or pseudoaneurysms were detected in 6 (0.0026%) of 2,600 consecutive patients (4 women, 2 men; mean age 59.4 years) undergoing cardiac catheterization at University Medical School, Debrecen, Hungary. All patients had a history of cardiovascular disease, with diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm confirmed by echocardiography. The average time from the occurrence of acute infarction to diagnosis was 37.0 days (range 3-80 days). All patients were in New York Heart Association functional class IV congestive heart failure; in four patients cardiogenic shock was present. Five patients underwent coronary angiography, which demonstrated multivessel disease and occlusion of the infarct-related artery (TIMI 0) without adequate collateral circulation (grade 0-1). Five patients had surgical repair of the false aneurysm, and, in three patients, concomitant coronary bypass grafting was performed. The 2-year mortality rate for all patients was 50%. Early diagnosis of false aneurysm is facilitated by echocardiography, and coronary angiography is required before surgery. Early surgical correction with coronary revascularization is advised.
Surgical Treatment of Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm
Medical Archives, 2014
Introduction: Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition because in most instances ventricular free-wall rupture leads to fatal pericardial tamponade. Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle is a cata strophic complication of myocardial infarction, occurring in approximately 4% of pa tients with infarcts, resulting in immediate collapse of the patient and electromechanical dissociation. In rare cases the rupture is contained by pericardial and fibrous tissue, and the result is a pseudoaneurysm. The left ventricular pseudoaneurysm contains only pericardial and fibrous elements in its wall-no myocardial tissue. Because such aneurysms have a strong tendency to rupture, this disorder may lead to death if it is left surgically untreated. Case report: In this case report, we present a patient who underwent successful repair of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, which followed a myocardial infarction that was caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. Although repair of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is still a surgical challenge, it can be performed with acceptable results in most patients.
Original Article, 2021
Introduction: Pseudoaneurysm may occur as a rare complication of myocardial infarction (MI) when a hemorrhagic process is covered by adherence of the visceral or parietal pericardium or of both, preventing the formation of cardiac tamponade. Pseudoaneurysm is prone to rupture because they are not easy to diagnose. Case presentation: Here, we report three cases of left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm (LVP) that all were related to MI. Two patients were managed conservatively, one of them was lost to follow-up, and the other one expired one month later. One patient underwent surgery, but he expired during post-operation period. Conclusions: High mortality rate of LVP emphasizes the importance of looking for it in cardiac evaluation of patients with history of MI. Due to available non-invasive modalities, the ability to differentiate LVP from other cardiac pathologies is improving. Still, the most recommended management of LVP is early surgery.
Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm and Rupture After Limited Myocardial Infarction
Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 2005
A 50-year-old man had a large lateral left ventricular wall pseudoaneurysm with rupture after a limited myocardial infarction. This was diagnosed by the combination of flow in and out of the aneurysm and pulsatile flow in the pericardial cavity using color flow and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. This report describes the case management, the use of echocardiography in this setting, and the implications of pseudoaneurysm formation. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:980.e1-4.)
2002
We report a very rare case of a 47-year-old man who had coronary spasm that resulted in a silent myocardial infarction, a ruptured myocardial wall, and a nonruptured left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. The patient presented with a 6-month history of dyspnea on exertion, without evidence of fixed coronary artery stenosis. Coronary angiography showed severe coronary spasm of the left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries; the spasm was relieved promptly by nitroglycerin. Echocardiography and left ventricular angiography revealed the large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm posterolateral to the left ventricle. We performed surgical resection of the pseudoaneurysm and patch repair of the ruptured left ventricular wall, with excellent results. We present this case because of the highly unusual sequence of events. Early surgical intervention resulted in the patient's recovery.