Uterine Cervical Smear Patterns In Females Attending A Teaching Hospital In Rural Eastern Uttar Pradesh, INDIA (original) (raw)
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Background: Cervical cancer caused by infection with a sexually transmitted agent human papillomavirus (HPV), can be readily prevented by identifying and treating women with HPV-induced precancerous lesions of the cervix. Objective: To study the profile of cervical smear cytology in rural women in western Maharashtra. Methods: The study was designed to look at the previous reports of the Pap smear present at the health center Pravaranagar in rural area of Western Maharashtra. The reports of 186 smears were analyzed. Results: Maximum numbers of the women (70.43%) were less than 40 years of age. Majority of the women were from lower socioeconomic status. There were 29.03 % Pap smears, negative for intraepithelial lesion. Intraepithelial neoplasia of various grade and invasive cervical carcinoma were diagnosed in some cases. Other infections were also detected on Pap smear like bacterial vaginosis, candidial infection and trichomonas vaginalis infestation. Conclusion: An Awareness and education program needs to be implemented to target women about cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. The goal of any screening programme should be to pick up majority of the precursor lesions and not frank cancers; it is desirable to initiate Pap smear screening in women from lower socioeconomic status before the 40 years of age.
Study of cytological pattern of pap smears and detection of cervical cancers in Gujarat, India
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
duction: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It can be preventable and diagnosed early with adequate and repetitive cytological screening by pap test. The conventional cervical cytological screening is the most common technique used throughout the world. Objective: To characterize the age and pattern of Pap smear abnormalities in a population of Gujarat, India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Gujarat India. All previously collected pap smear from 2011 -2014 was evaluated for cytological pattern and during this duration total 1100 pap smear was evaluated. Results: The mean age of patients with abnormal smears was 37.5 years. The mean parity was 4.34. There were 46 (4.18%) unsatisfactory smears and 1054(95.82%) adequate smears. Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were reported in 69 (6.54%), 111(10.53%), and 55 (5.21%) women respectively. Atypical glandular cell and squamous cell carcinoma were reported in 10 (0.94%) and 5 (0.47%) respectively Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of Pap smears screening for early detection of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Pap smear testing is a very useful, simple, economical and safe tool to detect preinvasive cervical epithelial lesions. Hence, on a routine basis, every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear and this must be continued even in post-menopausal period as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
Evaluation of spectrum of cervical lesions by PAP smear in rural medical college
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Introduction: Heart of India lies in the rural population and health care systems are reaching many of these rural areas. But still in some of the Indian rural population, measures of health and living standards are low. Rural women are also vulnerable to many risk factors. The incidence of premalignant lesions of cervix may be higher due to these risk factors. Pap smear is the best and economical screening method for detection of cervical premalignant lesions. Objective: To understand the spectrum of lesions and prevalence of precancerous lesion in one of the rural areas in Maharashtra Materials and Methods: All pap smears received in the Department of Pathology, Indian Institute of Medical Science and Research, Warudi, Maharashtra from January 2018 to May 2018 are evaluated and the findings are correlated with age. Results: Out of the 252 cases that were studied, 4.76% of cases (n=12) showed epithelial cell abnormality. 85.7% of cases (n=216) were Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy in which 33.7% cases (n=85) showed inflammation. 8.3% cases (n=21) showed the presence of an organism Conclusion: Pap smear test is the simplest, painless and cost-effective screening tool for cervical cancer. Awareness is needed among the rural population about this gold standard test for cervical cancer screening.
IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research, 2021
Context: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in the world after breast cancer and is the most common gynecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap Smear is a simple and cost effective screening tests for early diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The reporting of the pap smear was based on 2014 Bethesda system Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective two year study done in a tertiary Hospital in TSM Hospital from June 2016 to June 2018. All Pap smears received from women were included in our study. Total of 450 pap smears were stained by conventional papanicolaou technique and reported by Bethesda system 2014. Results: Out of 450 cases, 411 cases (91.3%) were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion/malignancy, 31 cases (6.9%) were showing epithelial cell abnormality and 8 cases (1.7%) were unsatisfactory. In negative fo...
Cytopathological pattern of cervical pap smears -a study among population of North Malabar in Kerala
2016
Background: India, the second most populous country in the world accounts for about 25% of cervical cancer deaths. Only limited studies are available on the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in various populations in India, especially in North Kerala. We have undertaken the present study, with the intention to estimate the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology smears in this region so that appropriate screening strategies can be planned. Methods & Materials: A one year retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Pathology of a private medical college to evaluate all the pap smears reported during September 2012 to August, 2013. Smears were assessed according to the revised 2001 Bethesda system. A total of 2028 cases were analyzed. Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities was calculated in percentages. Results: Out of total 2028 patients, 49 (2.41%) cases revealed epithelial abnormalities. The most frequent epithelial cell abnormality was Low grade Squamous Intra epithelial Lesion (32 cases, 1.58%). Nearly half of the patients with abnormal pap smears presented with a normal looking cervix. Epithelial abnormality was more prevalent in post-menopausal age group. Conclusion: Our hospital based study shows a relatively low prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormality which is similar to that seen in the developed world. Every woman above the age of 30 must be subjected to Pap smear even with a normal looking cervix and this must be continued in post-menopausal period, as most of patients with epithelial abnormalities in our study falls in this group.
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
According to WHO (world health organisation), Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in females and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. 1 Global report published by WHO in 2014, shows that around 2,66,000 women died from cancer of cervix in the year 2012. 2 Therefore this cancer is taking a toll on the health of women worldwide. Among the South-Asian countries, India has the highest age standardization incidence of cervical cancer at 22, compared to 19.2 in Bangladesh, 13 in Sri lanka and 2.8 in Iran. So it is very important to understand the epidemiological pattern and diagnose cervical cancers at an early stage. 3 Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of pre-cancerous, cancerous and benign lesions of cervix. 4 It is a sensitive test for early screening of cervical lesions and most
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2017
Background: Cancer cervix is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. According to National Cancer Registry Program of India, cancers of cervix and breast are leading malignancies in Indian women. The morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced with an active cervical smear screening programme. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of women about cervical smear testing, to establish a cervical smear screening program and to evaluate the cervical cytological abnormalities. It was done to determine the applicability, limitations and utility of this screening in a district hospital. Materials and Methods: A total of 287 married women were included in our study. Knowledge about Pap smear testing was determined through printed questionnaires. Pap smear screening was performed on every woman in our study group. Detailed clinical data and cytology reports were noted in a proforma. Results: About 92% women of our study group had never heard or undergone Pap smear screening before. Maximum number of patients was in 4th decade. Of the 287 smears, 276(96.16%) were adequate. Normal smear were 78(27.18%), inflammatory 168(58.54%), whereas epithelial cell abnormalities were seen in 26(9.05%) cases. The 26 abnormal cases comprised of 17(5.92%) cases with ASC-US, 5(1.74%) cases of LSIL, 1(0.35%) cases of HSIL, 3(1.04%) cases of squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions: Epithelial cell abnormality in our study group was less than Western countries. There is poor knowledge about Pap smear screening. Pap smear study can be easily done through a chain built between the primary health care unit and district hospital and laboratory.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. In India it is the second most common cancer after breast carcinoma. PAP smear is the best screening method to reveal spectrum of lesions in cervix ranging from inflammatory to the neoplastic process. Because of easy accessibility of cervix, cervical screening is helpful for ready diagnosis of 90 % to 96 % cytological abnormalities even in the pre-invasive stage. We wanted to evaluate the importance of PAP smear examination as a preliminary method accommodating histopathology and assess the spectrum of lesions. METHODS The study was done to identify the target age groups for the early detection of cancerous cervix by PAP smear examination. The study was done on patients who attended government general hospital (GGH), Ongole, from January 2018 to December 2019. Lesions were categorized based on 2014 Bethesda system as negative intraepithelial lesion for malignancy (NILM) / Inflammatory, benign, premalignant, and ma...
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2012
Objective: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the 2nd most common cancer in women. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in the developing countries. Cervicovaginal cytology (Pap) is an effective means of screening for cervical lesions. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical lesions with respect to clinicopathological and social aspect of cancer screening in rural India. Material and Methods: This was hospital based study of 930 Pap smears. The time period was from June 2004 to June 2009. The patients presented with leucorrhoea, low back pain, irregular vaginal bleeding, dyspareunia were included. Unsatisfactory smears and patients without clinical history and age were excluded from the study. The 2001 Bethesda system of interpretation of smears was used as a guideline. Result: In this study, leucorrhoea was the main common complaint (69.3%) followed by low backache (33.5%). Majority (36.5%) of the patients belongs to 3-4 decades with mean...