Perinatal Predictors of Postpartum Depression: Results of a Retrospective Comparative Study (original) (raw)
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Polish Journal of Public Health
Introduction. Childbirth and its course have a significant impact on a woman’s mental functioning during the postpartum period and motherhood. The mother’s mental state affects not only her child’s life and health, but also the functioning of the entire family. The literature distinguishes several types of mental disorders that occur in the postpartum period, including postpartum depression. Aim. This study aims to determine the incidence of mood disorders in women up to 6 months postpartum. Material and methods. The research was carried out using a standardized questionnaire – the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) – designed to determine the severity of mood disorders in the postpartum period in women at the University Hospital in Zielona Góra. The survey was conducted among 100 women aged from 17 to 43. Results. The results of the analysis showed that in women who noticed mood disorders during pregnancy (n=11, i.e. 11% of the total and n=10, i.e. 10% of the total), there...
Peripartum Predictors of the Risk of Postpartum Depressive Disorder: Results of a Case-Control Study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Background: The study aimed at the identification of the risk factors present during delivery, which might be present in prophylactic programs concerning postpartum mood disorders. Material and Method: This was a retrospective comparative study. The study material included data retrieved from the medical records of patients hospitalized in the Teaching Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Professor Orłowski Hospital in Warsaw, in the years 2010–2017. The EPDS data of 604 patients were analyzed. The study group included 75 women who obtained at least 12 points in the EPDS and the control group was made up of 75 women who obtained no more than 5 points in the EPDS. Results: The women in whom we noted an increased risk of developing mood disorders had blood loss >1000 mL and had a significantly longer stage II and III of labor than the control group. Other risk factors were cesarean section, vaginal delivery with the curettage of the uterine cavity, slightly lower APGAR scores...
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, 2013
To determine the occurrences of depression experienced by women during the postpartum period and the risk factors that affect the development of this depression. Materials and methods: The study involved 330 women who had recently given birth in a hospital in 2007. The women were contacted 3 times in total: on postpartum day 1 (face to face) and in weeks 2 and 6 (by phone). The Edinburgh Scale of Postpartum Depression (EPDS) was used as the form for collecting data. According to the EPDS, women who have scored 13 points or above are sensitive to depression. Results: The EPDS scores of 16.7% of women on postpartum day 1 and 19.4% of women at postpartum weeks 2 and 6 were 13 points or above. It has been determined that the difference of the average of EPDS points is statistically significant according to the factors of educational status, age, desire for the pregnancy, and having difficulty in caring for the baby with the spouse (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It is important that nurses provide consultancy services for women about depression during postpartum period.
2018
Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of clinical depression which can affect woman after childbirth. PPD is very common among women and is a major public health problem. It is estimated that overall 10 to 15% women experience PND while it ranges from 3.5 to 63.3% in Asian countries. But it is one of the most underdiagnosed conditions due to lack of adequate number of studies on the subject. Hence the current study was conducted with an objective of assessing the prevalence of postnatal depression among subjects with normal and cesarean deliveries and to compare the socio-demographic profile between normal and cesarean deliveries. Materials and methods: The study was a cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Apollo institute of medical sciences and research (AIMSR), Chittor. The data collection for the study was done between January 2015 to November 2015. The study population included people who were undergoing normal and cesarean deliveries. Po...
The Prediction of Depression in the Postpartum Period
are Senior Lecturers at the University of Queensland. ABSTR ACT Eight thousand five hundred and fifty-six women enrolled in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy were surveyed to investigate the relationship between potential risk factors for depression and mood states in the postpartum period. Participants were followed from their first antenatal interview until 6 months postpartum. Level of depression was measured at the first interview using the Delusions Signs and Symptoms Inventory (DSSI) and again at 6 months postpartum. A second measure of depression, which was prototypical in nature and related to the maternity blues, was administered retrospectively to cover the 6 month period following parturition. the assessment of independent variables during pregnancy and/or the postpartum period included demographic data and several measures of: neonatal risk, stress and social adjustment. Having excluded from analysis, participants who were depressed at the initial interview a point prevalence for depression of 2.6% (measured by the DSSI) and a prevalence for severe and prolonged postpartum stress of 12.8% (using the prototype measure) was recorded. Data was analysed using categorical modelling techniques and multiple regression analysis. Linear models were constructed to predict, both, DSSI and prototype measures of depression. Predictor variables accounted for 17% of the variance in DSSI scores and only 7% in the prototype measure. Whilst stress and social support formed the core of both models, irrespective of the analysis used, neonatal risk variables were more strongly predictive of 'blues" related depression. Inconsistencies in results are discussed and the need to differentiate between postpartum depression and depression (unrelated to childbirth) occurring in the postpartum period is proposed. Implications for primary prevention are discussed. Recent evidence suggests that women face a greater risk of developing a psychiatric disorder during the postpartum period than has previously been thought. Further, the majority of these disorders have been categorised into three types of dysphoric mood state, namely, the maternity blues, postpartum depressive psychosis and postpartum (postnatal) depression (Hopkins, Marcus & Campbell, 1984.) The maternity blues have been described as a common transitory condition affecting between 50 and 80 percent of postpartum women (
Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 2014
There are various attempts to confirm variables that could predict postpartum depression in advance. This study determined antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression in women at risk of developing this disorder. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 2279 eligible women who attended at Mazandaran province' primary health centers from 32-42 weeks of pregnancy to eighth postpartum weeks. The women were screened for symptoms of depression using the Iranian version of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. An Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of > 12 indicated possible postpartum depression. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were used for data analysis. A total of 2083women during 32-42 weeks of gestation participated in this study and were followed up to 8-week postpartum. Four hundred and three (19.4%) mothers yielded scores above the threshold of 12. Depression and general health state in pregnancy based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression S...
POSTPARTUM MOOD DISORDERS: A THREAT TO NEW MOTHERS AND INFANTS
World journal of pharmaceutical research, 2023
Introduction: Postpartum mood disorders like postpartum depression (PPD) may affect women after child birth. History: It is often observed in patients who have past history of major depression post pregnancy and during pregnancy. It is difficult to recognise mothers suffering with postpartum depression that leads to delay in their treatment. Postpartum mood disorders have a negative impact on mother and child bonding which affects child growth and development. Treatment: Treatment protocol of the patient is based on the symptom severity. Mild cases of postpartum mood disorders, can be treated with psychotherapy. In moderate to severe cases, treatment protocol starts with psychotherapy and progress to pharmacotherapy. Pharmacological treatment for PPD is similar to major depression in terms of antidepressant dose. In severe cases of PPD, electro convulsive therapy (ECT) showed better results. Conclusion: The percentage of women suffering with PPD has increased drastically due to the situations like COVID restrictions, nuclear families, lack of help from family members, life style modifications, marital dissatisfaction, lack of support from partner, lack of idea in handling a baby.
Prevalence of Postpartum Depression; a longitudinal study
2015
Background: Mothers are highly vulnerable to depression within the first year after childbirth. Approximately 10-20% of mothers suffer from depression during this period, and half of these women with symptoms of prominent postpartum depression (PPD) remain undiagnosed. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is the most widely applied screening instrument for PPD evaluation. In this study, we evaluated EPDS scores (score ≥12) at discharge and 2, 28 and 42 days following delivery to determine the risk factors and prevalence of PPD in mothers of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: A sample of 682 women completed the EPDS scale upon admission and hospital discharge. PPD assessment was performed at days 28 and 42 following delivery via phone interviews. Results: Upon admission, the average EPDS score was 9.72 (SD=4.4) and 27.4% of women (n=187) had EPDS scores ≥ 12. At discharge and 28 and 42 days following delivery, the average scores were norm...
Can we predict postpartum depression in pregnant women?
Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2015
The study included 285 pregnant women. The first assessment was conducted during pregnancy and a second time at 24 weeks after delivery. The participants were asked to fill out a series of questionnaires, which included psychosocial variables and sociodemographic characteristics, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). After delivery, 276 mothers participated again in the study and filled out a similar series of questionnaires. Results: A significant difference was not found between the socio-demographic and obstetric factors of mothers. A significant relation was found between the BDI score, which is used in antepartum depression evaluation, and EPDS score, which is used on postpartum depression evaluation (rho: 0.433 to 0.645, p < 0.0001). In cases in which BDI score was more than 6 were selected, phenomena in which could develop PPD had 90.3% sensitivity and 45.3% specificity. Conclusions: The authors found that there was a correlation between EPDS score and BDI. The rate of PPD was found to be significantly higher in women, who had a depression history. Patients who have a potential risk of PPD should be evaluated during the postpartum period in terms of depression.