A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia (original) (raw)
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Singapore medical journal, 2000
The aim of the study was to look into the epidemiology of serodiagnosed cases of leptospirosis at the University Hospital and compare two commercial ELISA Assays to the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Demographic data for all serodiagnosed cases for the years 1991-1997 were collected. From this data, 104 sera (n = 104) were selected as samples for comparative evaluation of the commercial ELISAs (INDX Dip-S-Ticks and PanBio ELISA) to the MAT test. Thirty two (n = 32) negative control sera were selected from serodiagnosed cases of other differential diagnosis of leptospira infection. The MAT test is a standard test that detects agglutination antibodies to leptospira biflexa, while the INDX Dip-S-Ticks is an ELISA dot test assaying for total anti-leptospira antibodies. The PanBio ELISA is a colorometric assay in test well strips to detect anti-leptospira IgM. The sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of tests were calculated at a MAT cut-off value of 1:320. Demographic data sh...
International Journal of Microbiology, 2016
Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with varied clinical outcomes and multiorgan involvement in humans. In this study conducted from July 2011 to December 2011, 178 serum samples from patients suspected of leptospirosis were tested by Panbio IgM ELISA at National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, out of which 51 (28.65%) were positive for anti-Leptospira IgM antibody. Leptospirosis was more common in people in their 2nd and 3rd decades of their life which together comprised 56.86% of the total positive cases. Most of those tested positive were farmers followed by students and housewives. Both animal contact and water contact seemed to play significant roles in disease transmission. Symptoms were vague with the most common being fever, headache, myalgia, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, and diarrhoea. Life style heavily dominated by agronomical and farming activities in Nepal is conducive to leptospirosis transmission. Leptospirosis seems to be a significant public...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014
Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira species and is distributed globally. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the serological 'gold standard' for diagnosis of leptospirosis but it is time-consuming and labour-intensive. An alternative serological method that is rapid, sensitive and specific is important for early treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. The use of local Leptospira isolation may improve the sensitivity and specificity of the test because it may varies from one geographical region to another region. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity and cutoff points for an in-house Immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a locally isolated Leptospiral strain IMR/175 as the antigen for the detection of anti-Leptospiral IgM. Methods: Serum samples from 270 patients with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis were subjected to the in-house IgM ELISA, MAT and Leptospirosis rapid test. The optimal cutoff values for positivity and negativity of the IgM ELISA were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and mean ± 2 standard deviation (SD) analyses of the ELISA values. Results: The area under the curve (AUC) which indicates the diagnostic performance of the in-house IgM ELISA was 0.953 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.928, 0.978). The sensitivity and specificity of 90.38% and 87.72% respectively were obtained with the cutoff point of 0.55. A higher sensitivity (96.15%) was obtained when the cutoff point was set at 0.45. Conclusions: The in-house IgM ELISA assay using local Leptospira isolation was shown to be sensitive and may be suitable to use for the serological diagnosis of leptospirosis for our local hospital setting.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2011
The study was conducted to evaluate the two rapid tests for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis namely Microplate Immunoglobulin M(IgM)-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) and IgM Rapid Leptocheck WB and the performance of each assay compared with that of the current standard, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The panels of 188 sera from 130 cases of leptospirosis from three different geographical locations were tested as well as 310 sera from healthy individual or individual with other infectious disease other than leptospirosis. Acute phase sera from cases (n=130) were collected <14 days after the onset of symptoms and convalescent phase sera (n=58) were collected ≥14 days after the onset of symptoms. By traditional method (two-by-two) contingency table, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV(Positive predictive value), NPV(Negative predictive value), Efficiency of test and (Kappa) value for agreement (with MAT) for the Rapid Leptocheck WB were 98.36%, 86.95%, 86.95%, 98.36%, 92.37% and 0.81 in acute phase of disease. Corresponding values for IgM ELISA were 96.82%, 88.05%, 88.40%, 96.72%, 91.53% and 0.88 respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV(Positive predictive value), NPV(Negative predictive value), Efficiency of test and (Kappa) value for agreement (with MAT) for the Rapid Leptocheck WB were 87.87%, 88%, 90.82%, 84.61%,86.20% and 0.85 in convalescent phase of the disease. Corresponding values for IgM ELISA were 91.42%, 95.65%, 96.96%, 88%, 93.10% and 0.81 respectively. These values for the 2 tests were comparable, indicating that there was no difference in their efficacies. The second-generation assay included in study (Leptocheck and ELISA) showed significantly higher sensitivity with early acute phase sera than the reference or first generation method (MAT) while retaining high specificity and should greatly improve the rapid detection of leptospirosis in the field.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012
The diagnostic utility of the Standard Diagnostics Leptospira IgM ELISA for detection of acute leptospirosis was assessed in febrile adults admitted in Vientiane, Laos. Using the cut-off suggested by the manufacturer [optical density (OD) ≥0.75], the assay demonstrated limited diagnostic capacity with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 41% compared with the Leptospira microscopic agglutination test, which is the serological gold standard. However, re-evaluation of the diagnostic cut-off to an OD of 1.7 demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy overall (sensitivity 70%; specificity 78%).
PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2022
Leptospirosis is among the most important zoonotic diseases in (sub-)tropical countries. The research objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the Serion IgM ELISA EST125M against the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT = imperfect reference test); to assess its ability to diagnose acute leptospirosis infections and to detect previous exposure to leptospires in an endemic setting. In addition, to estimate the overall Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in the Wiwa indigenous population in North-East Colombia. We analysed serum samples from confirmed leptospirosis patients from the Netherlands (N = 14), blood donor sera from Switzerland (N = 20), and sera from a cross-sectional study in Colombia (N = 321). All leptospirosis ELISA-positive, and a random of negative samples from Colombia were tested by the MAT for confirmation. The ELISA performed with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 77% - 100%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 83% - 100%) based on MAT confirmed Leptospira spp. positive and negative samples. In the cross-sectional study in Colombia, the ELISA performed with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 2-100%) and a specificity of 21% (95% CI 15-28%). Assuming a 5% Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in this population, the positive predictive value was 6% and the negative predictive value 100%. The Leptospira spp. seroprevalence in the Wiwas tested by the ELISA was 39%; however, by MAT only 0.3%. The ELISA is suitable to diagnose leptospirosis in acutely ill patients in Europe several days after onset of disease. For cross-sectional studies it is not recommended due to its low specificity. Despite the evidence of a high leptospirosis prevalence in other study areas and populations in Colombia, the Wiwa do not seem to be highly exposed to Leptospira spp.. Nevertheless, leptospirosis should be considered and tested in patients presenting with febrile illness.
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2006
The diagnostic utility of immunochromatographic (Leptotek) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Panbio) tests for the detection of Leptospira immunoglobulin M antibodies was assessed in febrile adults admitted in Vientiane, Laos. Both tests demonstrated poor diagnostic accuracy using admission serum (Leptotek sensitivity of 47.3% and specificity of 75.5%: ELISA sensitivity of 60.9% and specificity of 65.6%) compared to the Leptospira "gold standard" microscopic agglutination test.
Rapid Diagnosis of Leptospirosis by IgM ELISA in Resource Poor Settings. P
International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 2016
Background & Objectives: Early and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is important for proper and prompt treatment, which is life saving for patients with severe illness. IgM ELISA is particularly useful in making an early diagnosis, since it is positive in the first week of illness, a time when the clinical manifestations may be nonspecific. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of leptospirosis in Aligarh and to compare the efficacy of IgM ELISA to PCR and MAT as a rapid, sensitive and cost effective diagnostic tool for leptospirosis. Methods: Patients with acute febrile illness, acute renal failure and acute hepatitis were included in the study. Clinical & epidemiological history was evaluated on the basis of modified Faine’s criteria. ELISA, MAT and PCR using G1/G2 primer which amplifies a 285 bp fragment was done for confirmation of diagnosis. Results: Thirty one (14.9%) patients were found positive for specific anti-leptospira IgM antibodies by ELISA. On comparing th...
Usefulness of IgM-ELISA test for screening of Leptospirosis in Cuba
Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2020
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a common cause of acute febrile illness in many tropical regions of the world. Early diagnosis is essential, since untreated cases can progress rapidly and mortality rates are high in severe cases. According to the observations of the Cuban National Reference Laboratory, non-reactive serology’s are prevailing in most suspected cases of human leptospirosis. Objective: to apply the IgM-ELISA test for screening of IgM antibodies using sera from patients with the acute phase of the illness. Material and methods: in the current study, 31 pairs of sera and 140 single sera from 337 suspected patients with leptospirosis were tested by two methods, a commercial IgM-ELISA test for Leptospira and microagglutination test (MAT). Results: IgM-ELISA test results were concordant with MAT results in 90.0% (28/31) of paired sera and 88,6% (124/140) of single sera. The following serogroups: Icterohaemorrhagiae 23,74% (18/76), Pomona 22.3% (17/76), Canicola 13.1% (10/7...
Rapid Diagnosis of Leptospirosis by IgM ELISA in Resource Poor Settings
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.6\_Issue.3\_March2016/12.pdf, 2016
Background & Objectives: Early and accurate diagnosis of leptospirosis is important for proper and prompt treatment, which is life saving for patients with severe illness. IgM ELISA is particularly useful in making an early diagnosis, since it is positive in the first week of illness, a time when the clinical manifestations may be nonspecific. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of leptospirosis in Aligarh and to compare the efficacy of IgM ELISA to PCR and MAT as a rapid, sensitive and cost effective diagnostic tool for leptospirosis. Methods: Patients with acute febrile illness, acute renal failure and acute hepatitis were included in the study. Clinical & epidemiological history was evaluated on the basis of modified Faine's criteria. ELISA, MAT and PCR using G1/G2 primer which amplifies a 285 bp fragment was done for confirmation of diagnosis. Results: Thirty one (14.9%) patients were found positive for specific anti-leptospira IgM antibodies by ELISA. On comparing the results of IgM ELISA to MAT the sensitivity was 100% while specificity was 87.6%, while it was 100% and 97.3% respectively in relation to PCR. None of the patients had a Faine's score > 25 and 21(67.7%) patients had a score between 20-25. Interpretations &Conclusions: ELISA is a cost-effective, sensitive and specific test that can be used as a first line diagnostic test for early diagnosis of leptospirosis.