Predictor factors affecting emotional and behavioral problems in school-aged (6–12 years) children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Mental Health, 2022
Background: The current threat of Covid-19 pandemic is not only disrupting the economy but also creating psychological impact on the people. As a measure to control the spread, India imposed lockdown on various occasions. During this period only essential services were operational, while educational institutions remain closed. Due to social distance norms and restricted recreational activities, children are more prone to behavioural changes and it can also cause anxiety and depression. The current study focusses upon this aspect among school going children due to Covid-19.. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done on school going children, currently restricted to home. A semi-structured questionnaire which included (RCADS-25 scale for depression and anxiety) was administered to the parents through online platform. Bivariate logistic regression was used to test the significance of association between changes Impact of covid-19 and emotional status of Children and also between behavioural changes in children and presence of at least one sibling. Results: Majority of respondents were males (59%) and mean age was 9.9yrs. Majority (47.2%) belong to Middle school. Mean score of RCADS-25 scale was 15.61±9.4 for the study population. Worry was seen in 67.3% and frustration was seen in 32.4% for conduction of online classes. Irritability was seen 31.91% and restriction of outdoor activities caused loss of temper in 56.9% of the study population. Insomnia was often seen in 20% while 50% had sadness/empty feeling at some point of time. Lack of confidence was seen in 52.7% children. Majority (69.5%) were scared to sleep alone at night. Chi-square test for significance showed significant association between Parent's behaviour and mood changes in Children (O.R-2.43(1.1-5.33-95%C. I) p=0.04). Bivariate logistic regression showed significant association between Impact of covid-19 and emotional status of Children (O.R=2.967,95% C.I(1.582-5.564), p=0.001) and also between behavioural changes during pandemic and presence of at least one sibling(O.R =0.578,95% C.I 0.345-0.971,p=0.038). Conclusion: The behavioural changes of children due to Covid-19 is evident and necessary measures like counselling the parents are necessary.
Long-Term Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children in Jordan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Millions of children and adolescents have been affected worldwide by quarantine, school closures, and social distancing measures which have been implemented by many countries to control the spread of COVID-19. However, the long-term consequences of such procedures on children’s well-being are not clear. Therefore, this study investigated the psychological impacts of COVID-19 on Jordanian children between the ages of 5–11 years old. A total of 1309 parents with children between the ages of 5 and 11 years old filled in an online survey that included a set of questions to measure their children’s behaviour and emotions before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Being bored (77.5%), irritable (66%), likely to argue with the rest of the family (60.7%), nervous (54.8%), reluctant (54.2%), and lonely (52.4%) were the most frequently reported symptoms compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. Parents reported that screen use of ≥120 min a day was shown among 48.9% of children and 42% of children d...
2021
BACKGROUND: Reports from different parts of the world suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown and social distancing measures have heralded unprecedented mental health challenges among children and adolescents. To date, there is a dearth of studies emerging from the Arabian Gulf, where the majority of its population are children and adolescents. The study aims to examine the prevalence of anxiety-related disorders and their covariates among children and adolescents in an Arabian Gulf country, Oman. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analytic study carried out over two weeks (1st to 15th of August 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic across Oman. Parents were asked to complete the online survey, which consisted of the parent version of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED-41) scale and questions regarding basic socio-demographic information. Logistic regression was used to identify the contributing variables associated with anxiety-related disorde...
BMC Psychiatry, 2021
Background: The psychosocial impact of previous infectious disease outbreaks in adults has been well documented, however, there is limited information on the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults and children in the United Arab Emirate (UAE) community. The aim of this study was to explore anxiety levels among adults and children in the UAE and to identify potential risk and protective factors for well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Using a web-based cross-sectional survey we collected data from 2200 self-selected, assessed volunteers and their children. Demographic information, knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) using the (GAD-7) scale, emotional problems in children using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), worry and fear about COVID-19, coping mechanisms and general health information were collected. Descriptive analysis was carried out to summarize demographic and participant characteristics, Chi-square analysis to explore associations between categorical variables and anxiety levels and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of anxiety levels in adults and emotional problems in children. Results: The overall prevalence of GAD in the general population was 71% with younger people (59.8%) and females (51.7%) reporting highest levels of anxiety. Parents who were teachers reported the highest percentage of emotional problems in children (26.7%). Adjusted multivariable logistic regression for GAD-7 scores showed that being female, high levels of worry associated with COVID-19, intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine and smoking were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression for SDQ showed that higher emotional problems were reported for children in lower and higher secondary education, and parents who had severe anxiety were seven times more likely to report emotional problems in their children.
Cureus, 2021
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected many aspects of daily life. In Saudi Arabia, many studies, using a range of assessment approaches, have examined how the pandemic has affected the mental health of both the general public and healthcare workers. However, to develop effective public-health initiatives for such crisis events, it would also be relevant to determine the pandemic's impact on the behavioral, emotional, and social lives of Saudi children. Objective To assess, among Saudi children aged 3-15 years, the behavioral, emotional, and social changes that have occurred in their daily lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods This study featured a cross-sectional design. Potential participants were approached through the most popular social media in Saudi Arabia, and the final sample size was 651 parents. As, at the time of data collection, the members of the Saudi public were requested to avoid face-to-face meetings where possible, a well-designed electronic questionnaire featuring closed-ended questions was used. Results Descriptive statistics showed that the mean age of the parents was 29±7 years (range: 20-60 years); over half (58%) were female. During the COVID-19 outbreak, one-third of children had asked to sleep in their parents' beds. Furthermore, approximately 30% of children demonstrated increased irritability and mood swings when compared with the period before the pandemic. Concerning adaptive social behaviors, during the pandemic, 22% of children appeared calmer and 14% of children seemed more thoughtful. Our study reports more screen time, less physical activity, and reduced sleep time among children compared with the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has psychologically affected children. The present results highlight the need to reduce this psychological burden by enhancing children's emotional resilience and involving parents in health-promotion programs aimed at mitigating the negative impacts of such public-health crises.
Journal of Dental Health and Oral Research, 2023
Background: In this COVID-19 pandemic era, complete shut-down/ Lock down of the entire world and almost all the countries has led to an impact on almost everyone, especially school children. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on emotional, physical and social well-being of school children and their parents, with an objective to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine, income, depression, anxiety, well-being, and other psychological issues. Materials and Methods: It was an online survey questionnaire in English language which was conducted through a survey link (google form) and was sent through WhatsApp, to the parents of different school children of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, India, in the year 2021. The link was designed in such a way, that only 1 response can be generated using one device. Results: Males had more behavioral change as compared to female students. The change in behavior is seen in high percentage in government school children in comparison to private school children. School children had negative effect on death of close relatives. Conclusion: The present survey suggests that more than half of the school children and their parents were experiencing stress and other behavioural changes due to lockdown and the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic. The students are finding out ways to deal with such uncertain situation and trying hard to adjust with the new normal.
Malahayati International Journal of Nursing and Health Science
Background: The COVID-19 virus or coronavirus disease is a virus that infects human respiration which was first discovered in Wuhan, China in 2019 and has spread throughout the world. Social distancing can cause acute stress and anxiety for children.Purpose: To analysis of emotional behavior disorders (anxiety) in children during covid 19 east Lampung, IndonesiaMethod: A quantitative, using a cross-sectional approach. The population is mothers who have children aged 5-11 years as respondents and can observe changes in their children's behavior during social restrictions because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The location is in Sumur Kucing village in 2021. A sample of 70 respondents was obtained using the snowball technique. Data collection techniques were carried out using a questionnaire. Statistical test analysis used is univariate and logistic regression.Results : The demographic data of respondents were mostly female 47 (67.1%), aged 7 years with an average (mean) of 7.41 years ...
Factor Related to Anxiety Among Parents of Children Under Five Years of Age During COVID-19 Pandemic
Advances in social science, education and humanities research, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak emerged and caused a crisis in various sectors. Widespread local quarantine is done as an effort to stop the spread of the virus. This may be particularly difficult for parent who have children as a vulnerable group especially children under five years of age, because playing and interaction is necessity to achieve optimal growth and development. Therefore, Parents somewhat dealing with those adversity may experience psychological problem such as anxiety. This study aimed to determine factors related to parent anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study conducted among parent of children under five years of age during COVID-19 pandemic period. A total 92 participants Were involved in this study. This study assessed parent anxiety using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Score Scale (HARS), social support using The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), history of COVID-19 in family, and socioeconomic status in family. The prevalence of parent anxiety, high perceived social support during COVID-19 pandemic, history of COVID-19 in family, was 67,4%, 37%, and 55,4%, respectively. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed that parent education (OR = 11,1; p = 0,032) and perceived social support (OR = 118,9; p = 0,000) was the higher risk factor of parent anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. Our finding showed high prevalence of anxiety among parents. Low perceived social support and parent with lower education are more likely to experience anxiety. Meanwhile perceived social support during local quarantine was in higher condition. This study suggests that psychological health among parents of children under five years old need to be concerned by multi-sector intervention such as health care provider, local government, and family involvement. Parents psychological health will affect children growth and development.
Early Detection of Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Caring : Indonesian Journal of Nursing Science, 2022
Children's emotional and behavioral problems differ from one another with the same background. Both decrease children's interaction, learning process, and behavior. The indicators of emotional problems verily affect children's behavior which causes them to be vulnerable in facing daily life obstacles. In terms of the learning process, they will have difficulty interacting and controlling their emotions and behavior. This study aims to identify emotional and behavioral problems of school-age children from SDN 060866 Medan Timur during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study used quantitative research with descriptive methods. Non-probability sampling using a total sampling technique was conducted with a total sample of 97 people. The sampling results showed that 52.6% of students sit in class VI, 51.5% are aged 12 years old, 61.9% are male, 56.7% are Javanese, 88.7% students with high-school graduated fathers, and 77.3% of students with high-school graduated mothers. The study's results indicate that 71.1% of students with emotional problems are in the borderline category and 71.1% in the normal category of behavioral problems. Therefore, it is imperative to detect children's emotional and behavioral problems early. It will prevent further problems so the children can grow and develop properly.
Socio-emotional behavior in children-How Covid-19 lockdown Impacted them
isara solutions, 2021
In the Unprecedented period, starting from the outbreak of Covid-19 to clamping of Lockdown, the young children at home were prone to be affected as their regular lifestyle was constrained within the four walls of their home causing distress, disruption in their flow of physical activities and a breakdown in their education. During this specific stage between 4-12 years of age, children learn to socialize with others, which was deployed due to social distancing and lockdown. The children due the lockdown were forbidden from playing outdoors, developing social relations, peer and social interaction that lead to a lot of emotional and behavioral challenges and anxiety, which deprive the cognitive development. This study examines to understand the impact of Covid-19 lockdowns on the socio-emotional behavior of children between (4-8) years of age and (9-12) years of age. The data was collected by the parents of 400 children of (4-12) years of age. The tool used to collect and analyze the data was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results revealed that males had more complaints with regard to boredom and felt exhausted when compared to females. It also revealed that during the Covid-19 lockdown both children between 4-8 years of age had experienced higher level of emotional symptoms when compared to children between 9-12 years of age.