Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure in men and women aged 17 to 80 years: the Allied Irish Bank Study (original) (raw)
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24-h ambulatory blood pressure in 352 normal Danish subjects, related to age and gender*
American Journal of Hypertension, 1995
This study was conducted to determine age and sex stratified normal values for 24-h ambulatory blood pressure. A sample of 352 healthy subjects (all white) were randomly selected from the community register and stratified by sex and age groups in decades from 20 to 79 years of age. Persons with a history of hypertension, cerebral apoplexy, diabetes, myocardial or renal disease, and who were taking blood pressure-influencing medication were excluded. Ambulatory blood pressure was recorded over 24 h, with measurements taken every 15 rain from 07:00 to 22:59, and every 30 min from 23:00 to 06:59. Systolic blood pressure increased only slightly with age and was significantly higher in men than in women. The diastolic blood pressure increased only slightly with age in both sexes until the 50 to 59 years age group and declined thereafter. The diastolic blood pressure was not different for the two sexes. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were approximately 15% lower during the night regardless of age or sex. Ambulatory blood pressure during the daytime was on an average of 5 mm Hg lower than office blood pressure, but the mean difference between the two measurements increased with age. The variability of the difference also increased with age. In conclusion: Normal values for ambulatory blood pressure are presented in a randomly selected age-and gender-stratified population.
Variation of ambulatory blood pressure in healthy middle-aged men
Journal of Human Hypertension, 1997
The majority of the reference data on ambulatory blood 84.4 ± 7.7 mm Hg (95% CI 82.5, 86.4). The corresponding values for systolic and diastolic pressures during sleep pressure (ABP) monitoring is based on fixed, predefined times for waking hours and sleep. Our aim was to deter-were 101.2 ± 8.5 mm Hg (95% CI 99.1, 103.4) and 71.7 ± 7.7 mm Hg (95% CI 69.7, 73.6). The difference between mine the level of ABP according to diary entries when awake, at work, at home and during sleep in a sample day and night was 19.2 ± 7.0 mm Hg for systolic and 12.7 ± 6.0 mm Hg for diastolic pressure. The number of men of normotensive, middle-aged men. The dipping-status was also determined. All measurements were taken with whose systolic and diastolic pressure dropped less than 10% while asleep (non-dippers) was eight (13%) and 15 a non-invasive auscultatory device on a normal working day. A total of 62 clinically healthy, normotensive men (24%), respectively. If the mean ±2 standard deviation interval is considered, the range of normality averaged without a history of elevated BP were included. The mean resting BP of the group was 122/73 mm Hg. The 102-139/69-100 mm Hg when awake, 84 -118/56-87 mm Hg when asleep and 97-132/66-95 over 24 h. The 24-h systolic BP (SBP) was 114.4 ± 8.6 mm Hg (95% CI 112.3, 116.6), while the diastolic BP (DBP) was 80.4 ± 7.2 awake-sleep pressure difference did not correlate with the 24-h average. mm Hg (95% CI 78.5, 82.2). SBP when awake was 120.5 ± 9.4 mm Hg (95% CI 118.1, 122.9) and diastolic pressure Keywords: ambulatory blood pressure; healthy men; non-dippers ive, clinically healthy men without a history of
Age-specific differences between conventional and ambulatory daytime blood pressure values
Hypertension, 2014
Mean daytime ambulatory blood pressure (BP) values are considered to be lower than conventional BP values, but data on this relation among younger individuals <50 years are scarce. Conventional and 24-hour ambulatory BP were measured in 9550 individuals not taking antihypertensive treatment from 13 population-based cohorts. We compared individual differences between daytime ambulatory and conventional BP according to 10-year age categories. Age-specific prevalences of white coat and masked hypertension were calculated. Among individuals aged 18 to 30, 30 to 40, and 40 to 50 years, mean daytime BP was significantly higher than the corresponding conventional BP (6.0, 5.2, and 4.7 mm Hg for systolic; 2.5, 2.7, and 1.7 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all P<0.0001). In individuals aged 60 to 70 and ≥70 years, conventional BP was significantly higher than daytime ambulatory BP (5.0 and 13.0 mm Hg for systolic; 2.0 and 4.2 mm Hg for diastolic BP; all…
Hypertension, 1999
Previous studies have reported results on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in Europe and Japan, but no data exists from South America. In this study, we conducted a population survey to identify reference values and to compare ambulatory blood pressure with clinic, home, and self-measured values. A random sample of 2650 adults was selected among 190 000 people covered by our prepaid healthcare institution. Clinic (physician and nurse) and home (nurse) blood pressure measurements were performed 3 times each, with semiautomatic electronic equipment. Self-measurements were performed by the subjects manually activating the ambulatory device. We analyzed 1573 individuals who were not receiving antihypertensive therapy from 1921 participants. Self-measurement was available in a subgroup of 577 participants younger than the whole sample. Normal ambulatory blood pressure limits were estimated as those that best correlated with 140/90 mm Hg at clinic. Estimated values were 125/80 mm Hg for 24-hour ambulatory (range: 122 to 128 and 77 to 83 mm Hg) and 129/84 mm Hg for daytime ambulatory (range: 127 to 132 and 81 to 86) blood pressure, depending on gender and age. Ambulatory and clinic blood pressures increased with age. The age-dependent increase in ABP was similar in women and men. Average blood pressure at clinic was 124/79 mm Hg by physician and 123/78 mm Hg by nurse. Nurse measurement at home was 125/78 mm Hg, daytime ambulatory was 121/77 mm Hg, and 24-hour ambulatory was 118/74 mm Hg. The values of the subgroup with self-measurement were physician 119/77 mm Hg; nurse at clinic 118/77 mm Hg; nurse at home 121/78 mm Hg; self-measured 115/72 mm Hg; daytime ambulatory 119/77 mm Hg; and 24-hour ambulatory 115/73 mm Hg. This study shows that a 24-hour ABP average value of 125/80 mm Hg and a daytime ABP average value of 129/84 mm Hg are suitable upper limits for normality. Higher limits would yield an artificially higher prevalence of white coat hypertension. Most subjects showed higher blood pressure levels when measurements were performed by healthcare personnel at a clinic or at home than when self-measured at home.
Clinical physiology (Oxford, England), 1998
A series of standardized laboratory tests [10 min sitting and supine, 9 min standing, dynamic; cycle ergometer (ERG) and isometric exercise; handgrip (HG)] were performed during intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) recording in 97 healthy unmedicated men, initially classified as normotensive (NT, n = 34), borderline hypertensive (BHT, n = 29) or mildly hypertensive (HT, n = 34) by repeated office blood pressure (OBP) measurements. After testing, a 24-h intra-arterial ambulatory BP (IABP) recording was obtained while subjects performed their normal activities. Day and night periods were analysed as well as 24-h averages for systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) using Pearson correlations and multiple linear regressions. In normotensive subjects, the supine SBP predicted IABP measurements best (r range 0.39-0.69, P < 0.05-0.001). In multiple regression, supine SBP explained 49% of 24-h SBP variance (F = 12.4, P = 0.001). For BHT, supine SBP was also the best predictor (r range 0.0...
The Diurnal Blood Pressure Profile: A Population Study
American Journal of Hypertension, 1992
This population study included 399 subjects, of whom 370 (93%) showed a significant diurnal blood pressure (BP) rhythm. The nocturnal BP fall was normally distributed and averaged 16 ± 9 mm Hg systolic and 14 ± 7 mm Hg diastolic (mean ± SD). The amplitude of the diurnal BP curve followed a positively skewed distribution, with a mean of 16 ± 5 mm Hg for systolic BP and 14 ± 4 mm Hg for diastolic BP. The daily BP maximum occurred at 15:54 ± 4:47 for systolic BP and at 15:11 ± 4:20 for diastolic BP. Thirty-four subjects were reexamined after a median interval of 350 days. The test for the presence of a significant diurnal rhythm was discordant in only two subjects. Repeatability (twice the standard deviation of the differences between paired recordings expressed as a percentage of the mean) varied from 11 to 25% for the 24 h, daytime, and overnight BP, and from 76 to 138% for the parameters describing the diurnal BP rhythm. In nine subjects with an initial night/day ratio of mean BP < 0.78, the nighttime BP was significantly increased at the repeat examination, whereas the opposite tendency was observed in nine subjects with an initial ratio > 0.87. In conclusion, the distribution of the nocturnal BP fall is unimodal. The reproducibility of the ambulatory BP is satisfactory for the level of BP and for the presence of a diurnal BP rhythm, but not for the parameters of the diurnal BP curve. Thus, one 24 h recording is insufficient to fully characterize an individual's diurnal BP profile. Am J Hypertens 1992;5:386-392 KEY WORDS: Ambulatory blood pressure, diurnal blood pressure profile, nocturnal blood pressure fall.
Circadian Blood Pressure Profile and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Non-Dippers
2020
Introduction: Ambulatory blood pressure accurately reflects a patient's actual blood pressure than casual or office blood pressure. This study aims to describe the circadian blood pressure profile of hypertensive patients and to identify the associated cardiovascular risk factors in non-dippers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st January 2008 to 30th June 2008 among hypertensive patients attending Family Medicine Clinic HUSM. Schiller BR-102 plus was used to get 24 hours blood pressure (BP) reading. Mean of two offices BP were also taken. Non-dippers are defined as a systolic or diastolic nocturnal drop of less than 10%. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 12. Results: 105 patients were recruited with mean (SD) age of 51.8 (9.34) year old. The mean (SD) 24-hour systolic and diastolic BP was 128.4 (12.7) mmHg and 79.7 (8.74) mmHg respectively. Mean (SD) daytime systolic and diastolic BP was 132.1 (11.72) mmHg and 82.4 (9.41) mmHg while for the night time were 123.3 (12.78) mmHg and 76.2 (9.01) mmHg. Mean (SD) systolic and diastolic office BP was 144.2(15.16) mmHg and 90.2(9.71) mmHg. Percentage of non dippers were 68.6% for systolic and 61.9% for diastolic. Conclusion: Mean 24 hours and daytime ambulatory BP was normal but the mean night time diastolic and office BP was above-normal value. Majority of the patients were categorized as non dippers. Therefore, using ambulatory BP is clinically important to get a better understanding of blood pressure fluctuations over 24-hour periods compared to simple clinical measurements.