Eco-Friendly Recycling of Lithium Batteries for Extraction of High-Purity Metals (original) (raw)
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Journal of Analytical Techniques and Research (Fortune Journals), 2024
Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are becoming increasingly common due to their widespread use in various energy-related applications. These batteries contain valuable metals such as cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li), which are in high demand and have limited long-term supply. To recover these valuable metals and avoid environmental pollution, the recycling of spent LIBs using different methods, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, direct recycling, and biohydrometallurgy (bioleaching), has been widely explored. Each method has advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost-effectiveness and the recovery of Co and Li from spent LIBs. Thus, a comprehensive and critical analysis of recent studies on the performance of different recycling methods for the extraction of Co and Li from spent LIBs is necessary for the development of novel and practical strategies for effective metal extraction. Specifically, this review focuses on the current advancements in the application of existing recycling methods and emerging recycling technologies in terms of sustainability, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness for the recovery of Co and Li from spent LIBs. This review also identifies standardization of LIB design, automation of disassembly of SLIBs and involvement of artificial intelligence/machine learning in the recycling process as some of the best practices for the sustainable recovery of valuable metals from SLIBs and the minimization of pollution from SLIBs.
Separation of Valuable Metals in The Recycling of Lithium Batteries via Solvent Extraction
Minerals
With the development trend and technological progress of lithium batteries, the battery market is booming, which means that the consumption demand for lithium batteries has increased significantly, and, therefore, a large number of discarded lithium batteries will be generated accordingly. Solvent extraction is a promising approach because it is simple. Solvent extraction is low in time consumption and is easy to industrialize. This paper is focused on the selective recovery of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), and manganese (Mn) contained in leachate obtained by digesting a cathodic material from spent lithium batteries with hydrochloric acid. After leaching the cathodic material, Mn was selectively extracted from leachate by using solvent extraction with D2EHPA diluted in kerosene in an optimized condition. Afterward, Co was extracted from the Mn-depleted aqueous phase using Cyanex272 diluted in kerosene. Finally, the raffinate obtained via a stripping reaction with H2SO4 was used in the ...
2018
This paper presents a comparison of various approaches evaluated to process spent lithium ion batteries to extract metals. The leaching was carried out with sulphuric acid in presence and absence of reductant, thus defining the role of reducing agent (NaHSO3 and H2O2) in assisting dissolution of all metals, especially Co and Mn. As the direct process incurs all metals in solution and employs high concentration of acid, a two-step process (acid baking and leaching) was attempted to lower acid consumption indicating benefits in the selective dissolution of metals viz., Co and Li (in 1st stage) over other metals (Ni and Mn in 2nd stage).
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their prominent applications in consumer electronics and they may also reduce our dependence on oil, by their use in electric vehicles (EVs). This paper selectively reviews the existing recycling technologies for treating the spent LIBs in order to recover the valuable products and an illustration of combined recycling processes is presented. The primary LIBs contain toxic materials which may lead to thermal runaway and exothermic reactions. Hence an emphasis has been placed on the safety tests that need to be monitored in these batteries especially their use in hybrid EVs. All types of physical, chemical, biological and electrochemical methods have been reviewed with respect to recovery of some valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, etc. The article concludes with a recent investigation of the recovery of valuable metals from spent batteries in the form of nanomaterials and its implications for the future. A brief discussion about the cost of LIBs and its patent publications have been done in order to assess the scope of LIBs’ applications in EVs.
Waste minimization and recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries – a review
Environmental Technology Reviews
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have received increasing attention in recent years due to their prominent applications in consumer electronics and they may also reduce our dependence on oil, by their use in electric vehicles (EVs). This paper selectively reviews the existing recycling technologies for treating the spent LIBs in order to recover the valuable products and an illustration of combined recycling processes is presented. The primary LIBs contain toxic materials which may lead to thermal runaway and exothermic reactions. Hence an emphasis has been placed on the safety tests that need to be monitored in these batteries especially their use in hybrid EVs. All types of physical, chemical, biological and electrochemical methods have been reviewed with respect to recovery of some valuable metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, etc. The article concludes with a recent investigation of the recovery of valuable metals from spent batteries in the form of nanomaterials and its implications for the future. A brief discussion about the cost of LIBs and its patent publications have been done in order to assess the scope of LIBs’ applications in EVs.