Influence of Mycotoxin Binders on the Oral Bioavailability of Doxycycline in Pigs (original) (raw)
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2021
M ycotoxins existence in rabbit fodder has toxic effects on animal health. Mycotoxin binders are feed supplements adsorb mycotoxins in the intestine to prevent oral mycotoxins from being absorbed. Concerns about an unspecified association with oral veterinary drugs were raised in 2010 by the European Food Safety Authority. This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of esterified glucomannan yeast extract (0.1% for 15 days) as a mycotoxin binder (EGM) on doxycycline (DOX) bioavailability and residues in different rabbits tissues after oral administration at a dosage of 6 mg kg b.wt; single dose for oral bioavailability study and for 15 successive days for evaluation tissue residue of doxycycline. Pharmacokinetic investigation of DOX in group received DOX alone shows that AUC0−inf, Tmax and Cmax are diminished significantly when EGM is used with DOX as a feed additive. The 67% decline in AUC0−24 in the group fed EGM results in a significant decrease in oral bioavailabi...
PK and PK/PD of doxycycline in drinking water after therapeutic use in pigs
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2005
A commercial doxycycline formulation was administered in drinking water to 12 pigs at the recommended dose of 10 mg/kg daily for 5 days. The mean plasma concentration at steady-state was 1.37 ± 1.21 lg/mL, which was reached at 68 ± 27.2 h postadministration. Absorption and elimination halflife values were 7.20 ± 2.42 and 7.01 ± 2.10 h, respectively. Most plasma concentrations during dosing were higher than the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) described for the main porcine bacterial pathogens of the respiratory tract (Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae). It is concluded that when pigs were treated with doxycycline in drinking water at the recommended rate, therapeutically effective concentrations were achieved throughout the treatment period, supporting the clinical use of this tetracycline in the control of respiratory infections. However, inter-animal differences were marked.
Journal of animal science, 1991
Steady-state plasma levels were determined for oxytetracycline (OTC), doxycycline (DC), and minocycline (MC) after medication with different in-feed concentrations. Each concentration of the three tetracyclines was examined in six pigs. The animals were housed in individual pens and fed twice daily with an interval of 12 h. All pigs consumed their feed within 1 h after it was provided. Concentrations of 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,400 mg of OTC per kilogram of feed induced steady-state plasma levels ranging from .13 to .22, .19 to .50, .39 to 1.43, and 1.41 to 2.14 micrograms/ml, respectively. On a feed intake basis, pigs received 13, 26, 54 to 81, and 108 mg of OTC per kilogram of BW per day, respectively. Steady-state plasma levels after medication with 200, 400, and 800 mg of DC or MC per kilogram of feed ranged from .37 to .89, .71 to 1.14, and 1.62 to 3.18 micrograms/ml for DC and from .21 to .60, .43 to 1.05, and 1.19 to 2.62 micrograms/ml for MC. Pigs consumed 7, 13, and 26 mg of ...
Effects of Single and Repeated Doses on Disposition and Kinetics of Doxycycline Hyclate in Goats
Animals, 2020
The aims of this study in goats were to determine the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline hyclate following single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral administrations of 20 mg/kg and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and accumulation of doxycycline hyclate after repeated oral administrations at a 20 mg/kg dose every 24 h for 5 days. Six healthy male goats were used for the study. The study was performed in four periods according to a longitudinal study with a 15-day washout period. Plasma concentrations of doxycycline were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed by a non-compartmental method. IM injection of doxycycline caused swelling and pain due to irritation in the injection site. After IM and oral administrations, terminal elimination half-life (t1/2λz) and mean residence time (MRT) were prolonged and areas under the curve (AUCs) were low. The mean bioavailability of IM and oral administration was 51.51% and 31.39%, respectively. Following repeated oral administration, the a...
2019
A fast and sensitive HPLC method was validated in order to analyze doxycycline in plasma and milk of sheep and in plasma of rabbits. The samples were processed with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). After the centrifugation step, a supernatant containing extracted doxycycline and internal standard oxytetracycline was injected into the HPLC system with PDA detection. The method showed linearity in the range of 0.125 - 2.5 µg/mL for ovine plasma, 0.125 – 5.0 µg/mL for ovine milk, and 0.125 – 1 µg/mL for rabbit plasma. The inter-assay precision varied between 5.69 – 13.55 %. Values for intra-assay precision were between 0.62 – 8.67 %. Accuracy was higher than 90% in all of the tested concentrations in the three types of biological matrices. The mean extraction recovery was higher than 90 % for all matrices. In order to handle only with free drug concentrations, microfiltration of standard solutions with low (0.25mg/mL), medium (0.5mg/mL) and high (1.0mg/mL) concentration was performed. A per...
Pharmacokinetics of an injectable long-acting parenteral formulation of doxycycline hyclate in pigs
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2013
Based on its ideal PK/PD ratios, doxycycline hyclate (DOX-h), a time-dependant antibacterial, is ideally expected to achieve sustained plasma drug concentrations at or slightly above the MIC level for as long as possible between dosing intervals. Pursuing this end, a poloxamer-based matrix was used to produce a 10% long-acting injectable preparation (DOX-h-LA) and its serum concentrations vs. time profile investigated after its injection to pigs in the pericaudal s.c. by parallel design. Results were compared with the forced oral bolus dose and i.v. pharmacokinetics of DOX-h. For this study, 12 recently weaned pigs per group were included in this trial, and a dose of 20 mg/kg was injected in all cases. DOX-h-LA showed the greatest values for bioavailability (115.38%); maximum serum concentration (Cmax) value was 1.5 AE 0.2 with a time to reach Cmax of 3.41 AE 0.04 h and an elimination rate constant of 70.93 AE 0.87 h. Considering minimum effective serum concentration of 0.5 lg/mL, a dose interval of at least 5 days can be achieved for DOX-h-LA, whereas p.o. and i.v. dosing of DOX-h may only last 11 and 15 h, respectively. Pigs were slaughtered on day 30 after this trial, and no visible remnants of the preparation were detected neither fibrosis was observed after a thorough macroscopic and histopathological analysis.
Residues Depletion of Doxycycline in Rabbit Tissues Using HPLC
Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 2015
This work was performed to quantitatively determine doxycycline residues in different tissues of rabbits (kidneys, spleen, liver, muscles, heart and lungs) and sera following multiple oral doses of the drug using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Moreover, the study aimed to estimate the withdrawal time of this drug in rabbit tissues. Twenty five healthy male New Zealand rabbits ranging from 2-2.5 kg body weight were used. Twenty one rabbits were given doxycycline directly into the stomach at a dosage of 10 mg/kg BW once daily for five successive days. Samples were analyzed at 1 st , 3 rd , 5 th , 7 th , 9 th , 15 th and 21 st day after last oral dose. The results indicated a widespread distribution of doxycycline in the samples, which remained within the detectable limit till the 3 rd day in most tested tissues. While in kidneys, spleen and liver, doxycycline remained till the 5 th day following the last oral administration of the drug. Therefore, it is recommended that rabbits treated with doxycycline must be slaughtered after the fifth day of drug administration to be safe for human consumption.