The Changes of the Cognitive and Psychomotor Functions in the Chronic Cannabis Users after a Month of Remission (original) (raw)
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Short-term effects of cannabis consumption on cognitive performance in medical cannabis patients
Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 2019
This observational study examined the acute cognitive effects of cannabis. We hypothesized that cognitive performance would be negatively affected by acute cannabis intoxication. Twenty-two medical cannabis patients from Southwestern Ontario completed the study. The majority (n ¼ 13) were male. Mean age was 36.0 years, and mean level of education was 13.7 years. Participants were administered the same brief neurocognitive battery three times during a six-hour period: at baseline ("Baseline"), once after they consumed a 20% THC cannabis product ("THC"), and once again several hours later ("Recovery"). The average self-reported level of cannabis intoxication prior to the second assessment (i.e., during THC) was 5.1 out of 10. Contrary to expectations, performance on neuropsychological tests remained stable or even improved during the acute intoxication stage (THC; d: .49À.65, medium effect), and continued to increase during Recovery (d: .45À.77, medium-large effect). Interestingly, the failure rate on performance validity indicators increased during THC. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no psychometric evidence for a decline in cognitive ability following THC intoxication. There are several possible explanations for this finding but, in the absence of a control group, no definitive conclusion can be reached at this time.
Cannabis use and cognitive function: 8-year trajectory in a young adult cohort
Addiction, 2011
Aim To evaluate the relationship between change in cannabis use and changed cognitive performance over 8 years. Design We used survey methodology with a cohort design. Setting and participants An Australian community sample aged 20-24 years at baseline. Measures We assessed cognitive performance with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) (immediate and delayed), Spot-the-Word test (STW), Symbol Digit Modality test (SDMT) and Digit Backwards (DB). Groups of cannabis users were defined from self-reports across three waves as: 'never' (n = 420) 'remain light' (n = 71), 'former light' (n = 231), 'remain heavy' (n = 60), 'former heavy' (n = 60) and 'always former' (since start of study) (n = 657). Planned contrasts within mixed model repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for longitudinal analysis with an adjusted alpha of 0.01. Findings Data were obtained from 2404 participants with 1978 (82.3%) completing wave 3. At baseline there were significant differences between cannabis groups on CVLT (immediate and delayed) and SDMT. However, after controlling for education, gender, gender ¥ group and gender ¥ wave, there were no significant between-group differences and only CVLT immediate recall reached adjusted statistically significant longitudinal change associated with changed cannabis use (group ¥ wave P = 0.007). Specifically, former heavy users improved their performance relative to remaining heavy users (estimated marginal means: former heavy 6.1-7.5: remain heavy 6.4-6.6). Conclusions Cessation of cannabis use appears to be associated with an improvement in capacity for recall of information that has just been learned. No other measures of cognitive performance were related to cannabis after controlling for confounds.
Cognitive Performance in Adults with Cannabis Use Disorder
2021
Background: Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disorder. All types of substance directly and indirectly related with the influence on various cognitive functions. These cognitive functions varied from decision making to memory. Aim: 1) To assess the difference between cannabis and opium users in cognitive functions. Method: Sample: Agroup of 180 participants were selected from various drug treatment hospital located in Haryana and Punjab. Tools: Socio-demographic data sheet, Socio Economic Status Scale, Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Stroop Test, Number Letter Sequencing Test, Arithmetic Test and Digit Span Test, Memory Scale from AIIMS Battery, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results and Discussion: In the results it has been seen that both group differ significantly on processing speed of brain (t=2.15), response inhibition (t=3.32), cognitive interference (t=3.23). Further results also found that cannabis users were significantly differ on domains of Preservative E...
African journal of drug and alcohol studies, 2018
The present study examined some neuropsychological profiles of cannabis dependent users on long abstinence in Nigeria. Ninety participants were recruited for the study. Their ages ranged from 27-35 years with a mean age of 30.78. Five neuropsychological instruments were used for the study: Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT), Digit Symbol Modality Test (DSMT), Trail Making Tests A & B (TMT-A/B), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Rivermead Post Concussion Syndrome questionnaire (RPC). The findings of the study showed significant differences on verbal learning; RAVLT Trial 5: F(2,81) = 15.20, RAVLT Total Trial: F(2,81) = 11.06, Delayed verbal memory, F(2,81) = 10.94 all at P ≤ 0.05 level of testing with cannabis users performing worse than the psychiatric and healthy controls. Significant differences were also seen on processing speed: DSMT: F(2,81) = 3.53 with cannabis users performing worse than the healthy control but better than the psychiatric group. Drug users had significant less performance than the healthy control on TMT A; F(2,81) = 8.04 and TMT B; F(2,81) = 7.41 as measures of executive function. Also, drug users had significant worse complaints of somatic, cognitive and emotional symptoms following brain injury as measured by RPC; F(2,81) = 7.11 all at P ≤ 0.05 level of testing. Discussions of the study was based upon long term effects of cannabis use on neuro-cognition even after prolonged abstinence and reasons for the mixed findings surrounding this area of study. Implications of the study were also examined.
Journal of The International Neuropsychological Society, 2021
Objective: Cannabis use has increased dramatically across the country; however, few studies have assessed the long-term impact of medical cannabis (MC) use on cognition. Studies examining recreational cannabis users generally report cognitive decrements, particularly in those with adolescent onset. As MC patients differ from recreational consumers in motives for use, product selection, and age of onset, we assessed cognitive and clinical measures in well-characterized MC patients over 1 year. Based on previous findings, we hypothesized MC patients would not show decrements and might instead demonstrate improvements in executive function over time. Method: As part of an ongoing study, MC patients completed a baseline visit prior to initiating MC and evaluations following 3, 6, and 12 months of treatment. At each visit, patients completed a neurocognitive battery assessing executive function, verbal learning/memory, and clinical scales assessing mood, anxiety, and sleep. Exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) was also quantified. Results: Relative to baseline, MC patients demonstrated significant improvements on measures of executive function and clinical state over the course of 12 months; verbal learning/ memory performance generally remained stable. Improved cognitive performance was not correlated with MC use; however, clinical improvement was associated with higher CBD use. Analyses suggest cognitive improvements were associated with clinical improvement. Conclusions: Study results extend previous pilot findings, indicating that MC patients may exhibit enhanced rather than impaired executive function over time. Future studies should examine distinctions between recreational and MC use to identify potential mechanisms related to cognitive changes and the role of clinical improvement.
Smoked Cannabis' Psychomotor and Neurocognitive Effects in Occasional and Frequent Smokers
Journal of analytical toxicology, 2015
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive constituent in cannabis, impairs psychomotor performance, cognition and driving ability; thus, driving under the influence of cannabis is a public safety concern. We documented cannabis' psychomotor, neurocognitive, subjective and physiological effects in occasional and frequent smokers to investigate potential differences between these smokers. Fourteen frequent (≥4x/week) and 11 occasional (<2x/week) cannabis smokers entered a secure research unit ∼19 h prior to smoking one 6.8% THC cigarette. Cognitive and psychomotor performance was evaluated with the critical tracking (CTT), divided attention (DAT), n-back (working memory) and Balloon Analog Risk (BART) (risk-taking) tasks at -1.75, 1.5, 3.5, 5.5 and 22.5 h after starting smoking. GLM (General Linear Model) repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to compare scores. Occasional smokers had significantly more difficulty compensating for CTT tracking error compared with fr...
Cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning
• We examined the effects of cannabis use on neurocognitive functioning • We considered the role of alcohol use and premorbid IQ • Recent users performed most poorly on neurocognitive testing • Cannabis use severity was associated with lower neurocognitive performance • Past users performed more poorly on measures of executive function than non-users Objective: With the recent debates over marijuana legalization and increases in use, it is critical to examine its role in cognition. While many studies generally support the adverse acute effects of cannabis on neurocognition, the non-acute effects remain less clear. The current study used a cross-sectional design to examine relationships between recent and past cannabis use on neurocognitive functioning in a non-clinical adult sample. Method: One hundred and fifty-eight participants were recruited through fliers distributed around local college campuses and the community. All participants completed the Brief Drug Use History Form, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, and neurocognitive assessment, and underwent urine toxicology screening. Participants consisted of recent users (n = 68), past users (n = 41), and non-users (n = 49). Results: Recent users demonstrated significantly (p b .05) worse performance than non-users across cognitive domains of attention/working memory (M = 42.4, SD =16.1vs.M = 50.5, SD = 10.2), information processing speed (M = 44.3, SD =7.3vs.M = 52.1, SD = 11.0), and executive functioning (M = 43.6, SD = 13.4 vs. M = 48.6, SD = 7.