Consequences of smoking during pregnancy for mother and child Efeitos do tabagismo na gestação para a mãe e para a criança (original) (raw)
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Consequences of smoking during pregnancy for mother and child
2003
OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the consequences of maternal smoking METHODS: a prospective study of 1.103 pregnant women. A survey in the state Hospital San Martin, de La Plata, Buenos Aires determined general data. Newborn and placenta data were also reported. Mother and child cord samples were obtained to determine blood elements and flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subsets performed. Data from smoking (S) and non-smoking (NS) groups were evaluated through relative risk, chi square and Student's t test. RESULTS: of all patients, 887 were NS and 226 said they smoked over five-cigarettes/day (S). The S group showed a higher probability of premature deliveries when compared to the NS group, with newborns weighing under 2,5kg, small in relation to gestational age, with Apgar scores at the 5th minute under six and hyaline membrane syndrome; intrauterine death risk was higher in this group who attended less medical appointments than scheduled. Umbilical cord blood analysis indicated lower reticulocyte index for S mothers, neutrophil count and CD4/CD8 ratio and increased erythroblast, eosinophil, basophil, total and CD8+T lymphocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS: data could explain the observations by other authors related to an increased incidence of allergy and infections in newborns caused by maternal smoking.
Obstetric and perinatal effects of active and/or passive smoking during pregnancy
Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 2004
CONTEXT: Cigarette smoke, whether inhaled voluntarily or not, causes damage to the mother-infant pair. The antenatal period may present the best opportunity for performing effective anti-smoking campaigns. OBJECTIVE: To study the obstetric and perinatal effects of smoking on pregnancy and the infant. TYPE OF STUDY: Prospective study, interviewing pregnant women who were randomly selected at the maternity hospital as they were being discharged after giving birth. SETTING: Hospital Municipal Vereador José Storópolli, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 758 patients were interviewed regarding smoke inhalation before being discharged from the maternity hospital. The groups were formed by 42 active smokers, 272 passive smokers, 108 who inhaled smoke both actively and passively, and 336 non-smokers. The groups were compared regarding age, parity, school education, incidence of spontaneous abortion, rate of caesarian births, average gestational age at birth, rate of low birth weight and adequacy of weight in relation to the gestational age of newborn infants. For all variables we considered p < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS: There was a high rate (55.7%) of pregnant smokers, including 5.5% active, 35.9% passive and 14.3% active-passive smokers. Active and active-passive smokers were older and had higher parity. Active smokers had lower education levels and higher rates of previous spontaneous abortion. The weights of newborn babies were lower for smoking mothers. DISCUSSION: The study was performed among patients that were mostly of low economic, social and cultural levels, thus possibly explaining the high incidence of smokers. Worse still was that 35.9% of the non-smokers were actually passive smokers. These rates we report were similar to those from the literature. The typical receptiveness of teenage girls to unrestricted advertising in the media contributes towards an early start to acquiring the habit of smoking, including during pregnancy in our country. We emphasize the difficulties in quantifying exposure to cigarettes even among active smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoke, whether inhaled voluntarily or not, has an unfavorable effect on the mother-infant pair.
Objectives: to present the available evidences, from the national literature, about the main complications presented by newborns (NB) of smoker mothers in the neonatal period. Methodology: This study is an Integrative Review (IR) of literature, composed by articles obtained in scientific databases, using the descriptors: smoking, newborn, complications. The articles were organized through a form for data collection. Results: There were found 08 articles published between 2006-2016. The first category has approached the incidence of smoking during pregnancy. The second category has identified the complications presented by NB. Conclusion: The main complications found were: reduction of NB`s weight, cephalic length and perimeter, and insufficient birth weight, compared to infants from non-smoker mothers. It is extremely important the conduction of new researches in order to provide the implementation of interventions in mother`s and NB`s healthcare. RESUMO Objetivos: Apresentar as evi...
Effect of Active Smoking During Pregnancy on Women and Newborn Health
International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 2014
The aim of the study was to identify the effect of prenatal smoking on mother and newborn health. The study was carried out in 700 women, who delivered at Merkez Efendi Maternity and Children's Hospital between 1 st January, 2011 and 31 st December, 2011. Of the sample of women, 15.6% were current and 7.3% were quitting smokers. Women who continued smoking during pregnancy lived in households with husband who smoked and had higher rates of depressive symptoms and pregnancy included hypertension. Smoker women more likely reported to expose physical violence during pregnancy by their partner. Meconium in amniotic fluid was associated with women smoking status. Newborns who were exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally had deficits in weight (-186.6 gr), height (-0.9 cm) and head circumference at birth (-0.6 cm). In the study when women quit smoking during the first trimester, their infants have anthropometric measures similar to infants of nonsmokers. Smoking during pregnancy was related to low birth weight, height, and with small head circumference. Smoking cessation during pregnancy may have a greater impact on baby anthropometrics measures which were similar to infants of nonsmokers. To protect the health of their future unborn children, it would be optimal to target all women of reproductive age to quit smoking before they consider becoming pregnant.
Consequences of Smoking during Pregnancy on Maternal Health
Journal of Women's Health, 2009
Objective: To estimate the incidence of maternal cardiovascular and pulmonary events and the prevalence of other comorbid conditions among pregnant smokers. Methods: We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for pregnancy-related discharge codes for the years 2000-2004. The prevalence of various conditions and the incidence of various complications were compared between smokers and nonsmokers. Results: The majority of smokers were young and white and had public insurance. Smokers were more likely to have experienced deep vein thrombosis (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 1.6), stroke (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.5), pulmonary embolus (OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.1, 3.0), and myocardial infarction (OR 4.6, 95% CI 3.3, 6.4). They were 3 times more likely to have experienced influenza or pneumonia (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.7, 3.2) and 15 times more likely to have bronchitis (OR 15.2, 95% CI 12.8, 18.2). They were more likely to suffer from a number of comorbidities, including asthma (OR 4.0, 95% CI 3.7, 4.2) and gastrointestinal ulcers (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.6, 5.5). Although they were less likely to have experienced gestational diabetes (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9, 1.0), preeclampsia (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.8, 0.9), or eclampsia (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6, 0.9), they were more than 5 times as likely to have experienced an ectopic pregnancy (OR 5.4, 95% CI 4.6, 6.3).
A Review on Effect of Smoking During Pregnancy
International journal of innovative research in engineering and management, 2022
The early phases of a child's neurodevelopment have a major influence on their future human resources and health. On the other hand, the effects of prenatal risk factors on child neurodevelopment remain little known. This study looks at the effects of mother smoking while pregnant on baby neurodevelopment between the ages of 3 and 24 months, as well as the links to socioeconomic status (SES). The information comes from a one-of-a-kind group of South American teenagers. Smoking has a major deleterious influence on neurodevelopment, with the effects being particularly obvious in those of poor socioeconomic status. The study's results highlight the need of early interventions that begin before and continue throughout pregnancy to promote newborn development and current human capital attainment. Even when people get the best results, the majority of people still smoke while they're pregnant, even though they know that smoking can hurt them and their unborn child. The act of smoking is associated with severe stress, such as that caused by a demanding job or child care responsibilities, according to recent studies. Pregnant women who smoke do it for a variety of reasons, including controlling their weight growth or coping with negative emotions like as loss.
Journal of Clinical and Translational Research, 2022
Background: Tobacco use is one of the most important causes of obstetric and perinatal pathologies. Its frequency during pregnancy is high and could be related to various socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the mothers. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the trend and prevalence of smoking in pregnant mothers in our area over the years and the socio-cultural or obstetric factors associated with smoking as well as the repercussions on the newborns related to its consumption. Methods: Retrospective study of 18,959 mothers of healthy newborns in the maternity ward of the regional hospital during the years 2002–2019. The variable under study was maternal smoking during pregnancy compared with various maternal, obstetric, and perinatal factors. Results: A mean percentage of 20.4% of the mothers smoked, with significantly decreasing percentages over the years. There was a significant association between smoking and mothers’ age, origin, level of education, the occurrence...
Smoking and Pregnancy — A Review on the First Major Environmental Risk Factor of the Unborn
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013
Smoking cigarettes throughout pregnancy is one of the single most important avoidable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes and it represents the first major environmental risk of the unborn. If compared with other risk factors in the perinatal period, exposure to tobacco smoke is considered to be amongst the most harmful and it is associated with high rates of long and short term morbidity and mortality for mother and child. A variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes are linked with cigarette consumption before and during pregnancy. Maternal prenatal cigarette smoke disturbs the equilibrium among the oxidant and antioxidant system, has negative impact on the genetic and cellular level of both mother and fetus and causes a large quantity of diseases in the unborn child. These smoking-induced damages for the unborn offspring manifest themselves at various times in life and for most only a very limited range of causal treatment exists. Education, support and assistance are of high importance to decrease maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as there are few other avoidable factors which influence a child's health that profoundly throughout its life. It is imperative that smoking control should be seen as a public health priority.
Tobacco Smoke and Pregnancy Outcome: Literature Review
Medico-Legal Update, 2020
Pregnant women have a risk for tobacco smoke both actively and passively. Various effects of tobacco smoke on pregnancy have been investigated. Pregnant women are usually exposed to enviromental tobacco smoke (ETS) in various places with different duration of time. Cigarette smoke has a severe effect not only on pregnant women but also on the fetus. This is a literature review. Various references were collected from online database including reports, journals, mostly in the last 10 years. The journals were mostly from the scholarly journals. The articles were screened according to the research objectives. The keywords used are tobacco smoke, environmental tobacco smoke and pregnancy outcome. Tobacco smoke can effect the immunity, hormonal and metabolic system of the pregnant woman, therefore disturbing the growth of the fetus. Tobacco smoke also known to increase the risk of premature birth and reduce gestational age. Tobacco smoke cause several problems in newborn such as respiration distress, low birth weight (LBW), neural disorder, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and congenital anomaly. The effect of tobacco smoke, actively of passively, have worse outcome for the pregnant women and their babies.
Study of Tobacco Smoke and Pregnancy Outcome
Introduction. Pregnant women have a risk for tobacco smoke both actively and passively. Pregnant women are usually exposed to enviromental tobacco smoke (ETS) in various places with different duration of time. Cigarette smoke has a severe effect not only on pregnant women but also on the fetus.Methods Various references were collected from online database including reports, journals, mostly in the last 10 years. The journals were mostly from the scholarly journals. Results. Tobacco smoke can effect the immunity, hormonal and metabolic system of the pregnant woman, therefore disturbing the growth of the fetus. Tobacco smoke also known to increase the risk of premature birth and reduce gestational age. Tobacco smoke cause several problems in newborn such as respiration distress, low birth weight (LBW), neural disorder, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and congenital anomaly. Conclusion. The effect of tobacco smoke, actively of passively, have worse outcome for the pregnant women and their babies.