Molecular mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a systematic review (original) (raw)
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Long Non-Coding RNAs in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy
Oncology Research and Treatment
Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in humans; however, it is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and responsible for most deaths from endocrine cancer. Long noncoding (Lnc)RNAs are defined as non-coding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Their expression deregulation plays an important role in the progress of cancer. These molecules are involved in physiologic cellular processes, genomic imprinting, inactivation of chromosome X, maintenance of pluripotency, and the formation of different organs via changes in chromatin, transcription, and translation. LncRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Several studies have shown that these molecules can interact with microRNAs and prevent their binding to messenger RNAs. Research has shown that these molecules play an important role in tumorigenicity, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. In thyroid cancer, several lncRNAs (MALAT1, H19, BANCR, HOTAIR) have been identified as contributing factors to cancer development , and can be used as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis or even treatment. In this article, we study the newest lncRNAs and their role in thyroid cancer.
LncRNAs as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Thyroid Cancer
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common cancer of endocrine system. TC can be subdivided into 4 different entities, papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Among them, anaplastic thyroid cancer has the poorest prognosis. Exploring new therapeutic approach may entail favorable prediction as well as increasing overall survival rate of patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have vast implications in different cancer types. Although they are not transcribed into proteins, they can act as a harness in regulating a plethora of biological functions. They have been implicated in a decisive role in gene expression via modulation of both coding and non-coding RNAs. This article discuss the multi-facet role of lncRNA in thyroid cancer biology.
Identification of new long non-coding RNAs associated with medullary thyroid cancer
Oral health and care, 2019
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represents just 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies. In contrast to the familial MEN2, little is known about the etiology of sporadic MTC. New approaches are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of sMTC. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are wellrecognized post-transcriptional regulators of genetic expression and recent studies have described multiple aberrantly expressed non-coding RNAs in thyroid cancers. In the current study we have aimed to perform the first screening of multiple lncRNAs in tumoral tissues from MTC patients by qRT-PCR. Our analysis showed the association of 15 lncRNAs from which 6 where new in association with this disease (RMST, SNHG16, FTX, GAS5, IPW, MEG3). The association of these new lncRNAs with overall survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve.
Roles of Non-Coding RNAs on Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas
Cancers
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains as one of the most aggressive human carcinomas with poor survival rates in patients with the cancer despite therapeutic interventions. Novel targeted and personalized therapies could solve the puzzle of poor survival rates of patients with ATC. In this review, we discuss the role of non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression in ATC as well as how the changes in their expression could potentially reshape the characteristics of ATCs. A broad range of miRNA, such as miR-205, miR-19a, miR-17-3p and miR-17-5p, miR-618, miR-20a, miR-155, etc., have abnormal expressions in ATC tissues and cells when compared to those of non-neoplastic thyroid tissues and cells. Moreover, lncRNAs, such as H19, Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5), Urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1), Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), etc., participate in transcription and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in ATC cells. Dysreg...
RMRP, RMST, FTX and IPW: novel potential long non-coding RNAs in medullary thyroid cancer
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 2021
The relevant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer is currently a matter of increasing interest. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor (2–5% of all thyroid cancer) derived from the parafollicular C-cells which secrete calcitonin. About 75% of all medullary thyroid cancers are believed to be sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (sMTC), whereas the remaining 25% correspond to inherited cancer syndromes known as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). MEN2 syndrome, with autosomal dominant inheritance is caused by germline gain of function mutations in RET proto-oncogene. To date no lncRNA has been associated to MEN2 syndrome and only two articles have been published relating long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to MTC: the first one linked MALAT1 with sMTC and, in the other, our group determined some new lncRNAs in a small group of sMTC cases in fresh tissue (RMST, FTX, IPW, PRNCR1, ADAMTS9-AS2 and RMRP). The aim of the current study is to validate such nov...
Genome-wide expression screening discloses long noncoding RNAs involved in thyroid carcinogenesis
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate pathological processes, yet their potential roles in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are poorly understood. To profile transcriptionally dysregulated lncRNAs in PTC and identify lncRNAs associated with clinicopathological characteristics. We performed RNA sequencing of 12 paired PTC tumors and matched noncancerous tissues and correlated the expression of lncRNAs with clinical parameters. The 2 most significantly dysregulated lncRNAs were studied in an Ohio PTC cohort (n=109) and in PTC data (n=497) from TCGA. A combination of laboratory-based studies and computational analysis using clinical data and samples and a publically available database. Correlation between expression values and clinical parameters. We identified 218 lncRNAs showing differential expression in PTC (fold change ≥2.0, p value <0.01). Significant correlation was observed between the expression of two lncRNAs (XLOC_051122 and XLOC_006074) and (i) lymph node metastasis (...
BackgroundAs the most prevalent endocrine cancer, thyroid cancer (TC) accounts for 1.7% of all cancer cases. A significant increase in TC morbidity has been observed over the past three decades. TC diagnosis has been reported to be problematic based on the current approach. As a result, it is imperative to develop molecular biomarkers to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis. An analysis of bioinformatics data was conducted in this study to analyze lncRNAs and their roles as ceRNAs associated with the development and progression of TC.Materials and MethodThe first step in this study was to collect RNA-seq data from the GDC database. Then, DESeq2 was used to analyze differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEMIs), and mRNAs (DEGs) between TC patients and healthy subjects. Our study identified DElnc-related miRNAs and miRNA-related genes to develop a lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA axis using online tools and screening. A co-expression analysis was performed to investigate correlations...
Emerging role of competing endogenous RNA and associated noncoding RNAs in thyroid cancer
American Journal of Cancer Research, 2022
Cancer of the thyroid is the most common endocrine malignancy. While treatment options are limited for individuals with medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer, understanding the underlying mechanisms is vital to developing a successful thyroid cancer treatment strategy due to the tumor's multistep carcinogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been associated with thyroid cancer progression in several recent studies; however, the role of regulatory interactions among different types of ncRNAs in thyroid cancer remains unclear. Recently, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) has been discovered as a mechanism demonstrating regulatory interactions among noncoding RNAs, including pseudogenes, long non-coding RNAs (lnRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). It has been concluded from the literature that numerous ceRNA networks are deregulated during the development, invasion, and metastasis of thyroid cancer, as well as in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug resistance. Further understanding of these deregulations is important to develop diagnostic procedures for early detection of thyroid cancer and promising therapeutic options for effective treatment. The purpose of this review is to highlight the emerging roles of some newly found ceRNA members in thyroid cancer and outline the current body of knowledge regarding ceRNA, lncRNA, pseudogenes, and miRNAs.
Scientific reports, 2017
Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is an endocrine malignancy in which BRAF(V600E) oncogenic mutation induces the most aggressive phenotype. In this way, considering that lncRNAs are arising as key players in oncogenesis, it is of high interest the identification of BRAF(V600E)-associated long noncoding RNAs, which can provide possible candidates for secondary mechanisms of BRAF-induced malignancy in PTC. In this study, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs correlated with BRAF(V600E) in PTC and, also, extended the cohort of paired normal and PTC samples to more accurately identify differentially expressed lncRNAs between these conditions. Indirectly validated targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs in PTC compared to matched normal samples demonstrated an involvement in surface receptors responsible for signal transduction and cell adhesion, as well as, regulation of cell death, proliferation and apoptosis. Targets of BRAF(V600E)-correlated lncRNAs are mainly involved ...