Assessment of morphological and hydrological parameters of Oyun River Basin, Nigeria (original) (raw)
Related papers
IJERT-Flood Frequency Analysis of River Bako, Niger State, Nigeria
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014
https://www.ijert.org/flood-frequency-analysis-of-river-bako-niger-state-nigeria https://www.ijert.org/research/flood-frequency-analysis-of-river-bako-niger-state-nigeria-IJERTV3IS060441.pdf Estimation of design flood for River Bako Kpakungu, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria is an important components needed for the construction of hydraulic structures across the River. The unit hydrograph method was used to calculate the peak flow. Three distributions: Normal, Extreme value type (I) and Gamma distributions were applied to 25 (Twenty Five) years annual rainfall data to find the distribution that best fit the rainfall data employed. Among the three distributions used, the Extreme Value Type I (EVTI) was found to have the line of best fit with the regression coefficient of 0.96. Also, the annual maximum rainfall data for 25 years were employed to estimate design flood. For the design flood in the selected-River Bako four different types of land cover were considered and corresponding design flood estimated. The probable maximum precipitation obtained formed the basis for the estimation of Probable Maximum Flood for the return periods of 25, 50 and 100 years. The Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) obtained for the return period of 25, 50 and 100 years were 132.8, 144.2and 154.9 respectively.
American Journal of Civil Engineering
Geographical Information System (GIS) and image processing techniques can be used for the identification of morphological features and analyzing properties of basin. The morphometric parameters of basin include the linear, aerial and relief aspects. The present study focused on the evaluation and analysis of the morphometric parameters such as Stream Order (N u), Stream Length (L u), Bifurcation Ratio (R b), Drainage Density (D d), Stream Frequency (F s), Texture Ratio (T), Elongation Ratio (R e), Circulatory Ratio (R c) and Form Factor (R f) e.t.c. The study areas are Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basin. The GIS based morphometric analysis of these River Basins revealed that both the Asa River Basin and Oyun River Basins are fourth order basins which indicates their drainage pattern to be mainly dendritic type thereby showing homogeneity in texture and less of structural control. Total stream number of Asa River Basin is 54, in which 37 are first order, 12 are second order, 4 are third order and 1 is fourth order, and while the total stream number of Oyun River Basin is 56, in which 45 are first order, 7 are second order, 2 are third order and 2 are fourth order streams. The length of stream segment is maximum for first order stream and decreases as the stream order increases. The drainage density (D d) of study area of Asa River Basin is 0.39km/km 2 and Oyun River Basin is 0.36km/km 2 , an indication that the two River Basins are not much affected by structural disturbance. The study and result from the findings will help in determining peak runoff in the basin which helps in managing the water resources in the basins for sustainable development of the basin area.
Flood Frequency Analysis and Inundation Mapping of Lower Ogun River Basin
Abstract- Flood frequency analysis and inundation mapping of lower Ogun River basin was implemented using the Gumbel probability distribution method. This method was however tested with Log Pearson Type III to ascertain the best fitting statistical measure for hydrological fluxes using Chi Square. Basin delineation data was extracted from the topographic maps of Ilaro SE 1, 2, 3 & 4 which covers the study area while gauge height data at Adiyan intake was used as the principal data for flood frequency assessment and inundation modelling based on (Tr) return periods 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The results showed modelled water level values of 2.22 metres, 2.24 metres, 2.28 metres, 2.38 metres, 2.55 metres, and 2.90 metres for each of the return periods. Consequent upon this, the inundated area is projected to increase to almost 30% of the area from an initial 23% for most of the scenarios. These findings provide clearer picture for the pattern of hydrological fluxes of the lower Ogun River Basin. Sustainable planning and developmental measures that consider the modelled pattern of hydrological fluxes of the study area were recommended for decision making on urban areas. Keywords- Flood estimation; Flood modelling, Floodplain; Gumbel distribution; Log Pearson Type III and Return period.
The synergistic enforcement of the hydrographic behaviors of Kereke and Ukoghor river basins on the river Benue have been identified as the major contributors of the replete episodic flood hazard of Makurdi town. It is on this note that this study aims at analysing and comparing two categories of morphometric parameters; areal and linear/relief which influence runoff/discharge volumes and time lag of Kereke and Ukoghor river basins hydrograpghs respectively. This analysis provides a better understanding of their hydrographic characteristics and vulnerability to the flood hazard. The potential hydrographic variables examined include: runoff, peak flow, time to peak, infiltration, and overland flow. This was achieved using topographical maps of Makurdi sheet 251 NW and 251 SW on scale 1:50,000 published by Federal Survey of Nigeria (1965). These morphometric parameters were evaluated using ArcGIS 10.2 platform. Results indicated that both basins are 5 th order basins with dendritic pattern. Kereke and Ukoghor basins have basin area 261.28 km 2 /94.82 km 2 , basin length 26 km/10.79 km, basin perimeter 76.28 km/40.15 km, bifurcation ratio 3.51/3.09, length of overland flow 0.56 km/ 0.42 km, form factor 0.39/0.85, circulatory ratio 0.56/0.70, relief ratio 0.45/0.91, drainage density 0.91/1.20, elongation ratio 0.40/ 0.60 and infiltration number 0.53/1.32 respectively. A comparison of the results of linear/relief parameters indicate that Okoghor drainage constitute fast peak flow and concentration time of shorter duration and hence higher flood vulnerability than Kereke drainage basin. On the other hand a comparison of areal aspects of morphometry Kereke river basin constitutes more vulnerability to flooding in Makurdi town than Ukoghor river basin with regards to hydrograph volume regimes. The outcome of the study is fundamental for prioritizing proactive and sustainable urban flood management, appropriate land use planning and zonation especially along their flood liable areas, storm water management and other general urban environmental degradation management.
Morphometrical Analysis and Peak Runoff Estimation for the Sub-Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria
Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering
This study utilized Spatial Information Technology (SIT) such as Remote Sensing (RS), a Geographical Information System (GIS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for a morphometrical analysis of five sub-basins within the Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria. Morpho-metrical parameters, such as the total relief, relative relief, relief ratio, ruggedness number, texture ratio, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, sinuosity factor and bifurcation ratio, have been computed and analyzed. The study revealed that the contribution of the morphometric parameters to flooding suggest catchment No. 1 has the least concentration time and the highest runoff depth. Catchment No. 4 has the highest circularity ratio (0.35) as the most hazardous site where floods could reach a great volume over a small area.
Journal of Geography and Geology, 2012
Most African river basins lack flow data, a condition which has affected river basin operations. Flood is a common occurrence on the Sokoto basin but poor data base has affected various research efforts and flood mitigation attempts in the basin. This present study will study basin variables using a GIS approach with a few to gaining insights to the flood potentials of Sokoto basin. Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) image covering 5 o-7 o E and 12 o to 14 o N was used in this study. The analysis was carried out using the Integrated Land and Water Information System (ILWIS) and ArcGIS environments. Sinks were removed from the STRM, and the flow direction map was generated as an input for drainage extraction, river ordering and basin catchment extraction. Drainage network overlay was carried out on the generated hill-shade map and on a portion of SPOT image covering the Upper Sokoto catchment for visual analysis. Altogether, 44 basin variables were generated with a view to appraising flood and water resource management in the basin. The results showed that the Upper Sokoto basin is an alluvial catchment; located in a relatively low lying area where high level of deposition is experienced. It is sinuous in nature, circular in shape and compact. These characteristics coupled with the relatively high volume of precipitated water of 14,511,439,620 m³/year are indications that the basin has high flood potential. The paper recommends construction of levees to protect farmlands, efficient reservoir operation and sustainable watershed management for the purpose of environmental management in the Sokoto basin.
This paper examines the role played by basin physical attributes in determining river runoff. The approach uses soil and other available hydro-meteorological and geophysical information to directly estimate the parameters of the Pitman rainfall-runoff model to generate time series of historical and future hydrology of the basin. This study discusses the physical property information required, which includes basin soil texture types, depths, soil hydraulic and drainage properties, topographic slope and sub-surface geological conditions. FAO and available Nigeria soil maps provided a baseline of the requisite general soil information and other soil attributes information was inferred from literature. Owena, Asa and Ogun basins were used as case studies to evaluate the parameter estimation routines and the Pitman rainfall-runoff monthly model in Nigeria. Owena basin has some historical data, and based on the experience of using the model gained in this basin the approaches were then tr...
Estimation of Design Flood Hydrographs for Osun River at Iwo Control Station in Osun State, Nigeria
FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology
The unit and storm hydrographs for the catchment of Osun River at Iwo station Osun State, Nigeria were developed. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and Snyder’s unit hydrograph methods were used to develop synthetic hydrographs for the catchment, while the SCS Curve Number method was used to estimate excess rainfall values from rainfall depth of different return periods. The peak storm flows obtained based on the unit hydrograph ordinates using convolution procedures determined by SCS for rainfall events of 10yr, 20yr, 50yr, 100yr and 200yr return periods for the catchment vary from 819.87 m3/s to 1681.34 m3/s, while those based on Snyder’s method for the catchment vary from 551.41m3/s to 1134.86 m3/s . The statistical analysis at 5% level of significance indicated that there were significant differences in the two methods. The analysis showed that the total peak flows for different return periods obtained from SCS method is higher than that of Snyder’s method by 33.16%. SCS metho...
2016
This paper presents the development of runoff hydrographs for selected rivers in the Ogun-Osun river catchment, south west, Nigeria using Snyder and Soil Conservation Service (SCS) methods of synthetic unit hydrograph to determine the ordinates. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve Number method was used to estimate the excess rainfall from storm of different return periods. The peak runoff hydrographs were determined by convoluting the unit hydrographs ordinates with the excess rainfall and the value of peak flows obtained by both Snyder and SCS methods observed to vary from one river watershed to the other. The peak runoff hydrograph flows obtained based on the unit hydrograph ordinate determined with Snyder method for 20-yr, 50yr, 100-yr, 200-yr and 500-yr, return period varied from 112.63 m3/s and 13364.30 m3/s, while those based on the SCS method varied from 304.43 m3/s and 6466.84 m3/s for the eight watersheds. However, the percentage difference shows that for values of p...
Investigating the Hydrological Characteristics of Kaduna River Basin.
Investigating the Hydrological Characteristics of Kaduna River Basin., 2013
The water resource potential of the Kaduna River for use in irrigation development and water resource management has been studied. The water conveyance efficiencies of the river channels are very low that development of upstream reservoirs and downstream irrigation schemes will result in much water conveyance losses as the water flows downstream from these reservoirs. also, the runoff coefficient of the basin decreases from upstream to downstream catchments while the basin river have been observed to behave as gaining river and loosing river in their upstream and downstream ends respectively .Excessive loss of water by percolation below the root zones should be avoided by proper selection of irrigation water application method because of the low runoff coefficient of the lowland catchment areas. It is thus recommended that the development of the downstream of the basin for agriculture should be carried out with caution as a result of the great water -conveyance losses and the semi-aridity shown by stream flow analysis.