Exploring Self-criticism: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the FSCRS in Clinical and Nonclinical Samples (original) (raw)
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Psychology and psychotherapy, 2014
The Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS, Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004, Br. J. Clin. Psychology, 43, 31) is a self-report instrument that measures self-criticism and self-reassurance. It has shown good reliability and has been used in several different studies and in a range of different populations. The aim of this study was to explore its psychometric proprieties in a large clinical and non-clinical sample, to establish its reliability. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first study to provide normative data to FSCRS. Differences in population scores will also be addressed. Data were collated from 12 different studies, resulting in 887 non-clinical participants and 167 mixed diagnosis patients who completed the FSCRS. A confirmatory factor analysis shows that both in non-clinical and clinical samples, the three-factor model of FSCRS is a well-adjusted measure for assessing the two forms of self-criticism and a form of self-rea...
2018
Studies investigating the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) are growing rapidly. As CFT is oriented toward helping people deal with internal processes of self-to-self-relating, having instruments to measure these processes is important. The 22-item Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) has been found a useful measure. In the present study, a 14-item short form of the FSCRS (FSCRS-SF) suited to studies requiring brief measures was developed and tested in a Dutch community sample (N ϭ 363), and cross-validated in a sample consisting of participants in a study on the effectiveness of a guided self-help compassion training (N ϭ 243). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated acceptable to good fit of the FSCRS-SF items to a three-factor model. Findings regarding internal consistency were inconsistent, with Study 1 showing adequate internal consistency for all subscale scores and Study 2 demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency only for the reassured self (RS) subscale score. Furthermore, the results showed that the FSCRS-SF subscale scores had adequate test-retest reliability and satisfactory convergent validity estimates with theoretically related constructs. In addition, the FSCRS-SF subscale scores were found to be sensitive to changes in self-to-self relating over time. Despite mixed findings regarding its reliability requiring further investigation, the FSCRS-SF offers a valid and sensitive measure which shows promise as a complimentary shorter version to the original FSCRS suited to nonclinical populations. Given that the FSCRS is increasingly used as a process and outcome measure, further research on this short form in nonclinical and clinical populations is warranted. Public Significance Statement The present study builds upon earlier findings regarding the psychometric properties of the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) through developing and validating a short form. Despite mixed findings regarding its reliability requiring further investigation, the short form has adequate psychometric properties including structural validity, convergent validity and sensitivity to change, hence shows promise as a complimentary shorter version to the original FSCRS suited to nonclinical populations.
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
There is considerable evidence that self-criticism plays a major role in the vulnerability to and recovery from psychopathology. Methods to measure this process, and its change over time, are therefore important for research in psychopathology and wellbeing. This study examined the factor structure of a widely used measure, the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale in thirteen nonclinical samples (N = 7510) from twelve different countries: Australia (N = 319), Canada (N = 383), Switzerland (N = 230), Israel (N = 476), Italy (N = 389), Japan (N = 264), the Netherlands (N = 360), Portugal (N = 764), Slovakia (N = 1326), Taiwan (N = 417), the United Kingdom 1 (N = 1570), the United Kingdom 2 (N = 883), and USA (N = 331)
A confirmatory factor analysis and validation of the forms of self‐criticism/reassurance scale
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2013
Objective: Several studies have used the Forms of Self-Criticism/Reassurance Scale (FSCRS; Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004) when exploring the role of emotion regulation in psychopathology. However, psychometric evaluation of the FSCRS is limited. The present study sought to confirm the factor structure of the FSCRS based on theoretical and empirical grounds in a large sample of the general population. Method: The FSCRS was completed by a large sample of men and women (N= 1,570) as part of an online ...
Psychological assessment, 2017
Studies investigating the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) are growing rapidly. As CFT is oriented toward helping people deal with internal processes of self-to-self-relating, having instruments to measure these processes is important. The 22-item Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) has been found a useful measure. In the present study, a 14-item short form of the FSCRS (FSCRS-SF) suited to studies requiring brief measures was developed and tested in a Dutch community sample (N = 363), and cross-validated in a sample consisting of participants in a study on the effectiveness of a guided self-help compassion training (N = 243). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated acceptable to good fit of the FSCRS-SF items to a three-factor model. Findings regarding internal consistency were inconsistent, with Study 1 showing adequate internal consistency for all subscale scores and Study 2 demonstrating satisfactory internal consistency on...
Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2019
The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement invariance of the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) in terms of Item Response Theory differential test functioning in thirteen distinct samples (N = 7714) from twelve different countries. We assessed differential test functioning for the three FSCRS subscales, Inadequate-Self, Hated-Self and Reassured-Self separately. 32 of the 78 pairwise comparisons between samples for Inadequate-Self, 42 of the 78 pairwise comparisons for Reassured-Self and 54 of the 78 pairwise comparisons for Hated-Self demonstrated no differential test functioning, i.e. measurement invariance. Hated-Self was the most invariant of the three subscales, suggesting that self-hatred is similarly perceived across different cultures. Nonetheless, all three subscales of FSCRS are sensitive to cross-cultural differences. Considering the possible cultural and linguistic differences in the expression of self-criticism and selfreassurance, future analyses of the meanings and connotations of these constructs across the world are necessary in order to develop or tailor a scale which allows cross-cultural comparisons of various treatment outcomes related to self-criticism.
Current Psychology, 2021
The study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale (FSCRS) in clinical and community samples. A total of 269 depression outpatients (71.7% females; M age = 28.28, SD age = 9.11) and 305 participants from the general population (54.5% females; M age = 43.11, SD age = 9.60) were recruited. Participants completed the FSCRS, The Levels of Self-Criticism (LOSC) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). A three-factor model of FSCRS (reassured-self, inadequate-self, and hated-self) showed the best-fitting measurement model in both samples. Measurement invariance of the test for clinical and non-clinical samples was also examined, and the findings support the measurement invariance of FSCRS scores across clinical and community sample. The dimensions of self-criticism had positive, and reassured-self had negative correlations with BDI and subscales of LOSC in both groups. Internal consistency was analyzed via Cronbach's alpha coefficients. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for clinical and non-clinical sample were found to be .86 and .78 for inadequate-self, .85 and .74 for reassured-self, and .75 and .65 for hated-self respectively. Our results show that the FSCRS demonstrates good psychometric properties in clinical and non-clinical sample. The Turkish version of FSCRS can be used as a process and outcome scale for clinicians and researchers in clinical and non-clinical sample.
The Forms of Self criticizing/ Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale
Background: Whether it is a transition from high school to university or the pressure to excel in the college degree, college is one of the stressful and overwhelming phases of a student life. A research study was formulated along the same lines. Aim: To investigate the predictive value of Metacognition and Self-criticism on Fear of Happiness among college students. Methods: The sample of 80 college students was employed, comprising of 40 male and 40 female students.
The clinical trait self-criticism and its relation to psychopathology: A systematic review – Update
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2018
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Highlights Self-criticism is positively associated with many psychopathological symptoms. Clinical research on self-criticism covers other mental disorders than depression. Compassion-and emotion-focused therapy approaches reduce self-criticism. Extreme forms of self-criticism like hated self are difficult to change. Adaptive outcomes of self-criticism need further consideration in future research.