Postexercise Hemodynamic Responses in Lean and Obese Men (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
PURPOSE: Lean hypertension (HTN) is characterized by a mechanistically different HTN when compared to obese HTN. The purpose of this study is to assess whether body phenotype influences blood pressure (BP) responses following both acute and chronic exercise. METHODS: Obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m 2) and lean (BMI < 25 kg/m 2) men with pre-hypertension (PHTN) (systolic BP (SBP) 120-139 or diastolic BP (DBP) 80-89 mm Hg) were asked to participate in a two-phase trial. Phase 1 assessed differences in post-exercise hypotension between groups in response to an acute exercise bout. Phase 2 consisted of a two-week aerobic exercise intervention at 65-70% of heart rate (HR) max on a cycle ergometer. Primary outcome measures were: brachial BP, central (aortic) BP, cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) measured acutely after one exercise session and following two weeks of training. RESULTS: There were no differences between groups for baseline resting brachial BP, central BP, age, or VO2 peak (all P > 0.05). At rest, obese PHTN had greater CO compared to lean PHTN (6.3 ± 1 vs 4.7 ± 1 L/min-1 , P = 0.005) and decreased SVR compared to lean PHTN (1218 ± 263 vs 1606 ± 444 Dyn. s/cm 5 , P = 0.003). Average 60minute post-exercise brachial and central SBP reduced by 3 mm Hg in Lean PHTN in response to acute exercise (P < 0.005), while significantly increasing 4 mm Hg for brachial and 3 mm Hg for central SBP (P < 0.05). SVR had a significantly greater reduction following acute exercise in lean PHTN (-223 Dyn•s/cm 5) compared to obese PHTN (-75 Dyn•s/cm 5 , P < 0.001). In lean subjects chronic training reduced brachial BP by 4 mm Hg and central BP by 3 mm Hg but training had no effect on the BP's in obese subjects. Resting BP reduction in response to training was accompanied by reductions in CHAPTER ONE
Postexercise Hypotension Is Delayed in Men With Obesity and Hypertension
Frontiers in Physiology, 2022
Background: Postexercise hypotension (PEH) can play a major role in the daily blood pressure management among individuals with hypertension. However, there are limited data on PEH in persons with obesity and hypertension, and no PEH data in this population beyond 90 min postexercise. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if PEH could be elicited in men with obesity and hypertension during a 4-h postexercise measurement period. Methods: Seven men [age = 28 ± 4 years; body mass index = 34.6 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ; brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP): 138 ± 4 mmHg; brachial diastolic BP (DBP): 80 ± 5 mmHg; central SBP: 125 ± 4 mmHg; central DBP: 81 ± 8 mmHg] performed two exercise sessions on a cycle ergometer, each on a separate day, for 45 min at ∼65% VO 2max. One exercise session was performed at a cadence of 45 RPM and one at 90 RPM. Blood pressure was monitored with a SunTech Oscar2 ambulatory blood pressure monitor for 4 h after both exercise sessions, and during a time-matched control condition. Results: Both brachial and central SBP were not changed during the first h postexercise but were reduced by ∼5-11 mmHg between 2 and 4 h postexercise (p < 0.05) after both exercise sessions. Brachial and central DBP were elevated by ∼5 mmHg at 1 h postexercise (p < 0.05) but were ∼2-3 mmHg lower compared to control at 4 h postexercise, and ∼2-4 mmHg lower at 3 h postexercise compared to baseline. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was elevated compared to control at 1 h postexercise after both exercise sessions, but was ∼2-3 mmHg lower compared to control at 2, 3, and 4 h postexercise, and ∼4-7 mmHg lower at 3 h postexercise compared to baseline. Conclusion: Despite the small sample size and preliminary nature of our results, we conclude that PEH is delayed in men with obesity and hypertension, but the magnitude and duration of PEH up to 4 h postexercise is similar to that reported in the literature for men without obesity and hypertension. The PEH is most pronounced for brachial and central SBP and MAP. The virtually identical pattern of PEH after both exercise trials indicates that the delayed PEH is a reproducible finding in men with obesity and hypertension.
Journal of Human Hypertension, 2010
We aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training intensity (1) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) at rest before exercise, and during and after a maximal exercise test; and (2) on measures of HR variability at rest before exercise and during recovery from the exercise test, in at least 55-year-old healthy sedentary men and women. A randomized crossover study comprising three 10-week periods was performed. In the first and third period, participants exercised at lower or higher intensity (33% or 66% of HR reserve) in random order, with a sedentary period in between. Training programmes were identical except for intensity, and were performed under supervision thrice for 1 h per week. The results show that in the three conditions, that is, at rest before exercise, during exercise and during recovery, we found endurance training at lower and higher intensity to reduce SBP significantly (Po0.05) and to a similar extent. Further, SBP during recovery was, on average, not lower than at rest before exercise, and chronic endurance training did not affect the response of SBP after an acute bout of exercise. The effect of training on HR at rest, during exercise and recovery was more pronounced (Po0.05) with higher intensity. Finally, endurance training had no significant effect on sympathovagal balance. In conclusion, in participants at higher age, both training programmes exert similar effects on SBP at rest, during exercise and during post-exercise recovery, whereas the effects on HR are more pronounced after higher intensity training.
Short-term Training Effects on Diastolic Function in Obese Persons With the Metabolic Syndrome
Obesity, 2008
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term high-intensity exercise program on diastolic function and glucose tolerance in obese individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). Obese men and women (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ; 39-60 years) with and without the MetSyn (MetSyn 13; non-MetSyn 18) underwent exercise training consisting of 10 consecutive days of treadmill walking for 1 h/day at 70-75% of peak aerobic capacity. Subjects performed pre-and post-training testing for aerobic capacity, glucose tolerance (2-h meal test), and standard echocardiography. Aerobic capacity improved for both groups (non-MetSyn 24.0 ± 1.6 ml/kg/min vs. 25.1 ± 1.5 ml/kg/min; MetSyn 25.2 ± 1.8 ml/kg/min vs. 26.2 ± 1.7 ml/kg/min, P < 0.05). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) improved in the MetSyn group (1,017 ± 58 pmol/l/min vs. 883 ± 75 pmol/l/min, P < 0.05) with no change for the non-MetSyn group (685 ± 54 pmol/l/min vs. 695 ± 70 pmol/l/min). Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) improved in the MetSyn group (97 ± 6 ms vs. 80 ± 5 ms, P < 0.05), and remained normal in the non-MetSyn group (82 ± 6 ms vs. 86 ± 5 ms). No changes in other diastolic parameters were observed. The overall reduction in IVRT was correlated with a decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.45, P < 0.05), but not with changes in glucose tolerance. Body weight did not change with training in either group. A 10-day high-intensity exercise program improved diastolic function and glucose tolerance in the group with MetSyn. The reduction in IVRT in MetSyn was associated with a fall in blood pressure. These data suggest that it may be possible to reverse early parameters of diastolic dysfunction in MetSyn with a high-intensity exercise program.
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2021
Background/objective: Although regular exercise plays a role in achieving healthy aging, a specific mode of exercise may be required for elderly individuals with hypertension (HT). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effects of combined endurance and strength training (CBT) on blood pressure (BP) and antioxidant capacity in elderly individuals with HT. Methods: In a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, 54 older men and women aged 67 ± 5.8 years completed endurance training (ET, n ¼ 13), strength training (ST, n ¼ 13), combined endurance and strength training (CBT, n ¼ 16) or served as controls (CON, n ¼ 12). The intervention was a supervised exercise training (1-h sessions, three per week for 12 weeks), followed by a self-supervised exercise training for 12 weeks. Measurements of BP, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx-), malondialdehyde (MDA), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were obtained before and after the supervised and the self-supervised periods. Results: After the supervised period, systolic BP (SBP) decreased by 7.9% in the ET (p < 0.05) and 8.2% in the CBT (p < 0.01); GPx activity increased by 41.3% in the ET (p < 0.01), 19.1% in the ST (p < 0.05), and 49.2% in the CBT (p < 0.01); NOx-concentrations increased by 66.2% in the ET and 71.9% in the CBT (both p < 0.01), MDA concentrations decreased by 65.1% in the ST (p < 0.05) and 61% in the CBT (p < 0.01); hs-CRP concentrations decreased by 49.2% in only the CBT (p < 0.05). After the self-supervised period, SBP decreases by 7.5% in only the CBT (p < 0.01); NOx-concentrations increased by 68.5% in the ET and 92.4% in the CBT (both p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in SBP, GPx activity, NOx-, MDA and hs-CRP concentrations between the training groups. Conclusion: The hypotensive and antioxidant effects of the CBT seem to be similar to the ET after the supervised training period. However, after the self-supervised training period, the CBT program might affect better due to greater exercise adherence and attendance in elderly individuals with HT.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015
clinically significant following post-and detraining (4.26 and 3.87 mmHg, respectively). Conclusion The findings suggest that six HIIT sessions is sufficient to affect clinically significant PEH responses in young, overweight/obese women; however, the training effects are lost within 2 weeks of detraining. Keywords Blood pressure · High-intensity interval training · Detraining Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance b.min −1 Beats per minute BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure cm Centimeter DBP Diastolic blood pressure ES Effect size HIIT High-intensity interval training HR Heart rate HR max Maximum heart rate i.e. That is kg Kilogram Kg m −2 Kilogram per square meter min Minute ml kg −1 min −1 Milliliters per kilogram body weight per minute mmHg Millimeters mercury PAR-Q Physical activity readiness questioner PEH Post-exercise hypotension SBP Systolic blood pressure SD Standard deviation Sec Second TPR Total peripheral resistance VO 2max
Arterial hemodynamics are impaired at rest and following acute exercise in overweight young men
Vascular medicine (London, England), 2016
Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with greater cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, in part due to aortic stiffening assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Importantly, greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; VO2peak) decreases CVD risk, and is associated with reductions in aortic stiffness. We tested the hypothesis that young adult overweight (OW, n=17) compared with healthy-weight (HW, n=17) men will have greater resting aortic stiffness, reduced CRF and an impaired post-exercise hemodynamic response. Resting cfPWV was greater in OW versus HW individuals (5.81 ± 0.13 vs 4.81 ± 0.12 m/sec, p<0.05). Relative CRF (VO2peak; mL/kg/min) was lower in OW compared with HW individuals (49.4 ± 1.3 vs 57.6 ± 1.0 mL/kg/min, p<0.05), and was inversely related with cfPWV (p<0.05). However, CRF as absolute VO2peak (L/min) was not different between groups and there was no relation between cfPWV and absolute VO2peak (L/min), indicating reduced relative CRF in OW me...
Physiological Reports
The aim of this study was to compare cardiovascular hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation/perfusion (COP) during and after maximal incremental exercise in obese individuals according to their aerobic fitness versus age-matched healthy controls (AMHC). Fifty-four middle-aged obese (OB) and 16 AMHC were recruited. Maximal cardiopulmonary function (gas exchange analysis), cardiac hemodynamics (impedance cardiography), and left frontal COP (nearinfrared spectroscopy: NIRS) were measured continuously during a maximal incremental ergocycle test. During recovery, reoxygenation/perfusion rate (ROPR: oxyhemoglobin: DO 2 Hb, deoxyhemoglobin: DHHb and total hemoglobin: DtHb; with NIRS) was also measured. Obese participants (OB, n = 54) were divided into two groups according to the median _ VO 2 peak: the low-fit obese (LF-OB, n = 27) and the high-fit obese (HF-OB, n = 27). During exercise, end tidal pressure of CO 2 (PETCO 2), and COP (DO 2 Hb, DHHb and DtHb) did not differ between groups (OB, LF-OB, HF-OB, AMHC). During recovery, PETCO 2 and ROPR (DO 2 Hb, DHHb and DtHb) were similar between the groups (OB, LF-OB, HF-OB, AMHC). During exercise and recovery, cardiac index was lower (P < 0.05) in LF-OB versus the other two groups (HF-OB, AMHC). As well, systolic blood pressure was higher during exercise in the OB, LF-OB and HF-OB groups versus AMHC (P < 0.05). When compared to AMHC, obese individuals (OB, LF-OB, HF-OB) have a similar cerebral vasoreactivity by CO 2 and cerebral hemodynamics during exercise and recovery, but a higher systolic blood pressure during exercise. Higher fitness in obese subjects (HF-OB) seems to preserve their cardiopulmonary and cardiac function during exercise and recovery.
Frontiers in Physiology
Background: Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is a common physiological phenomenon occurring immediately after endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and ET plus RT, also termed concurrent training (CT); however, there is little knowledge about the interindividual and magnitude response of PEH in morbidly obese patients.Aim: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of CT order (ET + RT vs. RT + ET) on the blood pressure responses; 2) characterize these responses in responders and nonresponders, and 3) identify potential baseline outcomes for predicting blood pressure decreases as responders.Methods: A quasi-experimental study developed in sedentary morbidly obese men and women (age 43.6 ± 11.3 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) was assigned to a CT group of ET plus RT (ET + RT; n = 19; BMI 47.8 ± 16.7) or RT plus ET order group (RT + ET; n = 17; BMI 43.0 ± 8.0). Subjects of both groups received eight exercise sessions over four weeks. Primary outcomes ...
Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 2011
The purpose of this study was to evaluate central (carotid) artery blood pressure (BP) in endurance athletes. Carotid-femoral (¼ aortic) pulse wave velocity (PWV) together with radial and carotid tonometry and pulse wave analysis were performed at rest in 30 endurance athletes and 30 sedentary controls, all males matched for age, height, brachial systolic BP (SBP), and diastolic BP. Whereas brachial BP was similar in the two groups, carotid SBP and pulse pressure (PP) were higher in endurance athletes than in controls irrespective of age (123.1 AE 2.17 vs. 110.2 AE 1.29 mm Hg, and 50.9 AE 1.95 vs. 34.1 AE 1.01 mm Hg; P < .0001 for both). PP amplification evaluated from the brachial/carotid PP ratio was lower in athletes than in controls (1.05 AE 0.04 vs. 1.40 AE 0.02; P < .0001). When compared with controls, athletes had lower PWV (7.81 AE 0.17 vs. 9.8 AE 0.23 m/second; P < .0001), higher reflected wave transit time/left ventricular ejection time ratio (P ¼ .02), and lower heart rate (52.03 AE 1.54 vs. 68.9 AE 1.72 beats/minute; P < .0001). When matched for brachial BP, central SBP and PP were higher in endurance athletes than in sedentary controls. The possible negative pathophysiological impact of increased central BP on the overall favorable effects of training deserves further study. J Am Soc Hypertens 2011;5(2):85-93.