Polymers Used In Novel Drug Delivery System (original) (raw)
Related papers
Polymer in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery System
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), 2021
The current review article focuses on polymers in pharmaceutical drug delivery of therapeutic agents. These dosage forms include tablets, patches, tapes, films, semisolids and powders. Polymers are the backbone of a pharmaceutical drug delivery system as they control the release of the drug from the device. Biodegradable polymers attracts the attention of its use as they can be degraded to non-toxic monomers and most important, a constant rate of drug release can be achieved from a biodegradable polymer based controlled release device. Natural polymers can be used as the means of achieving predetermined rates of drug delivery and their physico-chemical characteristics with the ease of availability provide a platform to use it as a polymer for drug delivery systems. Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their known biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the biomedical area, polymers are generally used as implants and are expected to perform long term service. These improvements contribute to make medical treatment more efficient and to minimize side effects and other types of inconveniences for patients. The main role of polymer is to protect drug from physiological environment and prolong release of drug to improve its stability. The drug is release from polymer by diffusion, degradation and swelling. In addition to this review presents characteristics and behaviours of plant derived and mucoadhesive polymers which are currently used in drug delivery. I.
Polymer: A Boon to Controlled Drug Delivery System
International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2016
Polymer plays a vital role in novel drug delivery systems with its longevity and self-transforming quality as excipient in tablet and capsule formulations. Use of polymer is now extended to controlled-release and drug-targeting systems. Polymers are obtained from natural sources as well as chemically synthesised. Polymers obtained from natural resources are used as such and also chemically modified for various applications. Polymers are classified as biodegradable and non biodegradable. The majority of biodegradable polymers used in controlled drug delivery undergo bulk erosion. In the present paper, classification of polymer along with their characteristics is given.
Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers Used in Controlled Drug Delivery System: An Overview
Clinical Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, 2014
Polymers are becoming increasingly important in the field of drug delivery. The pharmaceutical applications of polymers range from their use as binders in tablets to viscosity and flow controlling agents in liquids, suspensions and emulsions. Use of polymer is now extended to controlled release and targeting drug delivery system. Polymers are obtained from natural source as well as synthesized chemically. Polymers are classified as biodegradable and nonbiodegradable. Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their known biocompatibility and biodegradability. The present review gives an overview of the different biodegradable polymers that are currently being used in the development of controlled drug delivery system.
Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers and their Application in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems (DDS)
Nanotechnology & Applications
Natural and synthetic polymers have been used in pharmaceutical industry for many years and have important role in the development of the conventional dosage forms or for manufacturing of various drug packaging materials. In recent years, their important application resides in the development of the most sophisticated drug delivery systems where polymers are used as a drug carrier. Biodegradable polymers are particularly attractive for application in drug delivery systems since, once introduced into the human body, they do not require removal or additional manipulation. Their degradation products are normal metabolites of the body or products that can be metabolized and easily cleared from the body. Among that, synthetic polymers offer a wide variety of compositions with adjustable properties. These materials open the possibility of developing new drug delivery systems with specific properties (chemical, interfacial, mechanical and biological) for a given application, simply by changing the building blocks or the preparation technique. Such designed complex drug delivery systems where polymers are used as functional excipients have numerous advantages such as localized delivery of drug, sustained delivery of drug, stabilization of the drug, prevention of drug's adverse side-effects, reduction of dosing frequency, minimization of drug concentration fluctuations in plasma level, improved drug utilization and patient compliance. There are range of differently designed drug delivery systems and their description and mechanism of action will be presented in this paper together with the prominent role of the polymers for each particular system. Additionally, most commonly used synthetic biodegradable polymers in drug delivery systems will be presented together with their degradation mechanism.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015
The present article contains a brief review of various formulation approaches used in controlled release drug delivery systems, the role of polymers in the controlled delivery of many fast release drugs and the mechanism of drug release from these polymeric matrices. The oral controlled release system of many drugs has been known to be an essential part of formulation development in drug delivery systems. It has been the focus of pharmaceutical research for many years due to its various advantages over conventional dosage forms. Administering the drug for release in the blood at a controlled rate, to maintain relatively constant drug levels in plasma over a controlled period of time, can overcome many problems associated with conventional dosage forms. The applicability of these dosage forms is due to reduction in the frequencies of drug dosing, which lead to patient convenience and compliance. In addition, a reduction of wide fluctuations in plasma drug concentration peak can be obtained. As a result, toxicity and poor efficacy can be avoided, especially with drugs of narrow therapeutic indices. Such problems, associated with conventional dosage forms of many drugs, can be overcome by using controlled release drug delivery systems, to deliver the drug for absorption at a controlled rate over an extended period of time. The controlled release dosage form should be tailored so that variations in the components can lead to predictable alterations in the drug release profiles. Various controlled release drug delivery systems have different mechanisms to control the drug release rate, such as the osmotic pump, ion exchange resin and matrix systems which have been widely utilized as controlled release drug delivery approaches. Besides, polymers have often been used in the components of controlled release drug delivery systems. A sustained release profile, without occurring of the dose dumping, and sufficient bioavailability can be achieved when a drug is embedded in some polymeric materials such as gelucires.
Polymers are being used extensively in drug delivery due to their surface and bulk properties. They are being used in drug formulations and in drug delivery devices. These drug delivery devices may be in the form of implants for controlled drug delivery. Polymers used in colloidal drug carrier systems, consisting of small particles, show great advantage in drug delivery systems because of optimized drug loading and releasing property. Polymeric nano particulate systems are available in wide variety and have established chemistry. Non toxic, biodegradable and biocom-patible polymers are available. Some nano particulate polymeric systems possess ability to cross blood brain barrier. They offer protection against chemical degradation. Smart polymers are responsive to atmospheric stimulus like change in temperature; pressure, pH etc. thus are extremely beneficial for targeted drug delivery. Some polymeric systems conjugated with antibodies/specific biomarkers help in detecting molecular targets specifically in cancers. Surface coating with thi-olated PEG, Silica-PEG improves water solubility and photo stability. Surface modification of drug carriers e.g. attachment with PEG or dextran to the lipid bilayer increases their blood circulation time. Polymer drug conjugates such as Zoladex, Lupron Depot, On Caspar PEG intron are used in treatment of prostate cancer and lymphoblastic leukemia. Polymeric Drug Delivery systems are being utilized for controlled drug delivery assuring patient compliance.
Pharmaceutical Polymers - A Review
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Humans have taken advantage of the adaptability of polymers for centuries in the form of resins, gums tars, and oils. However, it was not until the industrial revolution that the modern polymer industry began to develop. Polymers represent an important constituent of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Polymers have played vital roles in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Polymers have been used as a major tool to manage the drug release rate from the formulations. Synthetic and natural-based polymers have found their way into the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Synthetic and Natural polymers can be produced with a broad range of strength, heat resistance, density, stiffness and even price. By constant research into the science and applications of polymers, they are playing an ever-increasing role in society. Diverse applications of polymers in the present pharmaceutical field are for controlled drug release. Based on solubility pharmaceutical polymers can be classified ...
Polymers are the preferred matrices for controlled drug delivery, because of the large degree of variables that can be used to tune release, in addition to their other functional properties. Polymers may be divided into linear (thermoplastic) or cross-linkable (thermoset) polymers. In both of these two classes, the composition of the polymer can be tuned further to give random, alternating or block copolymers. Yet another feature to control drug release is the molecular architecture that can be used to generate linear, branched, hyperbranched and comb-like polymers. Finally, polymers can be formulated either as linear polymer blends, linearcrosslinked polymer blends (semiinterpenetrating networks) and blends of cross-linked polymers (interpenetrating networks).
Biodegradable Polymers: Role in Enhancing Bioavailability of Drug
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical …, 2011
Biodegradable polymer has been the subject of interest for its use as a polymeric drug carrier material in dosage form design due to its appealing properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and relatively low production cost from abundant natural sources. The greatest advantage of these degradable polymers is that they are broken down into biologically acceptable molecules that are metabolized and removed from the body via normal metabolic pathways, for example, polylactides, polyglycolides, and their copolymers-the polymers will eventually break down to lactic acid and glycolic acid, enter the Kreb's cycle, and be further broken down into carbon dioxide and water and excreted through normal processes. Many biodegradable polymers are used as binder such as acacia, gelatin, whereas some used to coat tablets such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol, povidone and sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose., and to thicken suspensions and in ophthalmic solution as a protective colloid ,to stabilize emulsions and suspensions. . Sustained-release dosage forms employ polymers as shells for microencapsulated drugs, as erodible and non-erodible matrices, as barrier membranes to regulate the release of drugs by diffusion. The biodegradable polymer used in medical devices and controlled-drug-release applications are sterilizable and capable of controlled stability or degradation in response to biological conditions. These all play a very crucial role in enhancing the bioavailability of drug. This review covers all the aspects of biodegradable polymers in enhancing bioavailability of the drug.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
The present article contains a brief review of various formulation approaches used in controlled release drug delivery systems, the role of polymers in the controlled delivery of many fast release drugs and the mechanism of drug release from these polymeric matrices. The oral controlled release system of many drugs has been known to be an essential part of formulation development in drug delivery systems. It has been the focus of pharmaceutical research for many years due to its various advantages over conventional dosage forms. Administering the drug for release in the blood at a controlled rate, to maintain relatively constant drug levels in plasma over a controlled period of time, can overcome many problems associated with conventional dosage forms. The applicability of these dosage forms is due to reduction in the frequencies of drug dosing, which lead to patient convenience and compliance. In addition, a reduction of wide fluctuations in plasma drug concentration peak release c...