Pulp and Paper Making from Grass Fibre (original) (raw)
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Characterisation and evaluation of pulp and paper from selected Ugandan grasses for paper industry
Editura Academiei Romane, 2014
Non-wood fibrous materials and recycled fibres offer an opportunity to decrease or replace the use of wood fibres in the production of pulp and paper in countries with insufficient forest resources. The aim of this study was to characterise and evaluate the pulp and paper derived from four Ugandan grasses, namely Cymbopogon nardus, Paspalum notatum, Saccharum officinarum, and Digitaria scalarum, obtained using Soda-AQ and Kraft pulping methods for their potential use in the paper industry. The fibre morphology, as well as the physical properties, of both pulp and handmade paper sheets was analysed. The pulp and paper were identified with reasonable yield, medium viscosity, high bleachability, short and narrow fibres, and moderate paper strength. Saccharum officinarum pulp was characterised with high weighted average fibre length (1.143 mm), moderately high fibre width (18 µm), slenderness ratio (68), brightness (71.27%) and low kappa number (11.9); and the paper sheets with a tear index of 7.05 mNm /g, while Cymbopogon nardus pulp was characterised with higher yield (44.20%), viscosity (915 cm 3 /g), low kinked fibre (20%) and curl (6%). The pulps from the two grasses superseded the others. Nevertheless, all the four grasses were recommended for pulp and paper production.
Shortage of conventional raw material for the pulp and paper products together with the increasing world demand for paper has renewed interest in non-wood fibres. Non-wood pulping capacity has been increasing steadily over the last decade. A lot of crops grown for biomass, like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), are good examples of plants with potential for pulp production. Raw material chemical composition, kraft pulp yield and properties, and fibre characteristics of elephant grass or hybrid pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. SDPN3) and switchgrass (cv. Cave-in-Rock) were determined in an effort to evaluate them as raw materials for pulp and paper production. Elephant grass had-cellulose and Klasson lignin contents of 45.6 and 17.7%, respectively. The respective values for switchgrass were 41.2 and 23.89 %. Pulp yields, following a mild kraft process, were 48 and 50% for switchgrass and elephant grass, respectively. The corresponding kappa numbers were 15.5 and 9.2. The weight-weighted fibre length averaged 1.32 mm. Pulp freeness was higher for switchgrass (330 mL) than for elephant grass (139 mL). Elephant grass had a burst index above 5.85 kP.m 2 g-1. These characteristics demonstrate the suitability of both elephant grass and switchgrass for pulp production.
Non-wood fibers are projected as fast-growing resources and sustainable alternate materials to reduce deforestation and enhance efficiency in the pulp and paper industry. This paper addressed the paucity of data on the fiber morphological characteristics (Fiber Length, Diameter, Lumen Diameter, and Wall Thickness) and pulping properties (Slenderness Ratio, Rigidity Coefficient, Flexibility Coefficient, Runkel Ratio, Solids Factor, and Luce's Shape Factor) for Silk Cotton, leaves and stalk of Elephant Grass and Sugarcane Bagasse found in Ghana, especially, as environmental variations may cause differences in regional data. Observed values for the studied parameters were within the suitable range for paper production and differed from those reported for other regions. Elephant Grass (stalk) and Bagasse that had higher values of
Potential of Cogon Grass (Imperata Cylindrica) as an Alternative Fibre in Paper-Based Industry
2015
Non-wood plants were examined as alternative fibre due to the limited origin resources in paper production. In Malaysia, Imperata cylindrica was used as renewable materials to obtain cellulosic pulps to produce paper and hence preventing the environmental problems. The chemical compositions, fibre dimension, pulp and mechanical properties of I. cylindrica were investigated for application in paper-based production. The surface morphology of hand sheet was also visualized. The chemical compositions involved in this study (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash, hot water and 1% NaOH solubilities) were determined according to the chlorite method, Kurscher-Hoffner approach and TAPPI test method. Meanwhile, fibre dimension were measured following the Franklin method. The mechanical properties of the hand sheet (tensile, burst and tear indices) were measured according to the TAPPI test method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the surface morphology of I. cylindrica...
Production of Printing and Writing Paper Grade Pulp from Elephant Grass
CERNE, 2016
The main goal of this study was to characterize chemically and morphologically elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), and evaluate the potential of its fibers for production of printing and writing paper grade pulp. The elephant grass was chemically and morphologically characterized and cooked by the soda process to two different degrees of delignification (kappa 17.5 and 10.6). The resulting pulps were fully bleached by the O-D*-(EP)-D sequence and characterized for their beatability, drainability and physical-mechanical properties. The lignin content (20.2%) was low, indicating that this grass should be easier to pulp. The morphological analyses of the elephant grass indicated a short fiber material, similar to hardwoods. The soda pulp from elephant grass cooked to kappa number 17.5 presented higher screened yield than 10.6 kappa pulp, with alkali demands of 15.0% and 20.0%, respectively. The total active chlorine required by the 17.5 and 10.6 kappa pulps, were 42.1 and 35.1 kg/od...
Preparation, Chemical Composition, Characterization, and Properties of Napier Grass Paper Sheets
Separation Science and Technology, 2014
In this study, perennial fast growth Napier grass fibers were used for pulp and papermaking. Chlorination and alkaline process were carried using sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide respectively for pulp extraction from Napier grass. Detailed chemical composition of the Napier grass fibers and the extracted pulp was carried out and a comparison with other perennial grasses made. The extracted fibers and pulp obtained from Napier grass were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physical, optical and mechanical properties of Napier grass pulp laboratory handsheets were investigated for opacity, brightness, tensile index, breaking length and burst index. Handsheets made from pulped Napier grass were compared to paper made from other perennial grasses. The superior properties of paper prepared from Napier grass pulp indicated the suitability of Napier grass as an alternative non-wood source for papermaking.
Preliminary Study on Physical Characteristics of Paper Made from Different Varieties of Paddy Straw
2017
With paper demand increasing continuously, the deforestation process will be at a higher pace as the main raw material for paper production come from timber tree thus leads to unbalanced ecosystem problems. Using alternative fibre source especially from agriculture waste product for paper production seems like a right approach reducing the deforestation for paper raw material as it is available in abundance and low in cost. Therefore, a study on a physical characteristic of paper made from paddy straw was conducted to see the suitability of paddy straw as a raw material for paper production. Four variety type of paddy straw (MR219, MR220, MR269 and MRQ76) was used as the specimen to compare the physical characteristic of paper produced by different paddy straw variety. For each variety, three samples were treated with various concentrations of NaOH (20%, 25% and 30%) to determine the effect of concentration on paper produced. The material undergoes immersion, cooking, filtering and ...
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 2004
Indian pulp and paper industries are facing an acute shortage of good quality of wood fibre with other associated problems. So they could not match their final product vis-a-vis to the finished products in globally competitive market. To overcome a serious lack of domestic wood fibres, morphological as well as chemical investigations on abundantly available and fast growing non-woody fibrous plants, which resemble in some aspects with softwoods and bamboo, have been undertaken. Keeping this challenge in view the pulp and paper making characteristics of three non-woody plants namely, Eulaliopsis binata, Cajanus cajan, and Sesbania sesban have been studied extensively. Eulaliopsis binata, which is popularly known as 'Sabai grass', consists of long leaf fibres. The fibre length of sabai grass is more than that of bamboo but fibre diam is 2.5-times lower than bamboo. Sabai grass consists of high cellulose and pectose with low lignin content. Sesbania sesban popularly known as &#...
Non-wood fibers as raw material for pulp and paper industry
Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 2020
Pulp and paper industry in the world have been growing fast. As a result, there has been a massive request for pulp and paper raw materials. The raw materials used in papermaking can be classified into three groups: wood, non-wood, and recycled wastepaper. The Non-wood raw material is an important fiber resource in the regions where forest resources are limited. The current usage of non-wood plant fibers, as rice straws, corn stalks, cotton stalks, and bagasse would play a chief role in increasing papermaking raw materials. Using of non-wood plant fibers in the paper industry associated with some problems, including collection, transportation, storage and handling, washing, bleaching, papermaking, chemical recovery, supply of raw material and the properties of finished paper. Recently, a high-tech innovation in all the fields of papermaking has made non-wood more reasonable with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till now, use of non-wood fibers for pulp and paper manu...
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2015
The increasing demand in wood fibre consumptions especially in pulp and paper making has pushed forward the search for alternative fibre resources. Non-wood derived fibre could be good candidates due to its abundance availability. Agriculture residues or non-wood annual plants are good potential fibre resource for pulp and paper making. The objective of this study is to determine the suitability of cogon grass as an alternative fibre for pulp and paper making by analysing its chemical and surface morphological properties. The holocellulose, cellulose, lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, hot water solubility and ash contents were quantified to analyse its chemical characteristics. Quantification of chemical compositions was conducted in accordance with relevant Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Tests, Kurscher-Hoffner and Chlorite methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the surface morphology of the cogon grass fibre. Results obtained indi...