Assessing Emeria spp and other parasites in the digestive track of guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) farmed in northern Côte d'Ivoire (original) (raw)
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Study of gastro–intestinal parasites of scavenging chickens in Fako Division, Southwest Cameroon
This research was an active surveillance of gastrointestinal parasites that parasitize rural birds in Fako Division, South West Cameroon. Eight hundred and eighty eight sterile samples of the faeces of 889 rural birds were collected randomly from 4 localities in Fako Division. These were immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis by the saturated salt/sugar solution floatation method. Viewing with x10 objective of the microscope it was discovered that out of the 889 samples examined for gastrointestinal parasites, 500 were infected with the following prevalence values: Eimeria species (301, 33.9%), Ascaridia galli (127, 14.3%), Heterakis gallinarium (87, 9.8%), Strongyloides species (76, 8.6%), Capillaria species (51, 5.7%) and Trichuris (51, 5.74%). The highest prevalence from the four locations was registered in Muyuka (220, 76.61%), followed by Tole (56, 61.54%) and the least was registered in Muea (282, 44.48%). It was concluded that there is a considerable level of coccidian and Ascaridia galli in Fako in rural birds, which could lead to high losses. We advice for workshops with these local farmers on the importance of keeping local birds, feeding, housing and how to improve on management of these fowls for optimum yield.
International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 2018
This cross sectional survey was conducted from July to December 2015 in order to investigate the burden of gastrointestinal helminthes among guinea fowls in Gombe, Northeastern Nigeria. A total of six hundred fowls (viscera) were purchased from six randomly selected slaughter slabs. Out of the 600 birds examined, 479 (79.83%; 95% CI: 76.4, 82.9) were found harbouring one or more gastrointestinal helminthes. Of this, 238 birds (39.7%; 35.8, 43.6) were infected by nematode species and 392 birds (65.3%; 61.4, 69.0) by cestode species. A total of nine nematodes and seven cestodes species were recovered from these birds. There was no any trematode observed among the studied birds. The prevalences of the nematodes identified in descending order were: Ascaridia galli 56.7% (52.7, 60.6); Ascaridia numidae 38.0% (34.2, 42.0); Heterakis gallinarum 17.2% (14.4, 20.4); Heterakis meleagridis 8.3% (6.4, 10.8); Strongyloides avium 3.5% (2.3, 5.3); Subulura brumpti 3.2% (2.0, 5.0); Gongylonema ingluvicola 2.2% (1.3, 3.7) and both Dispharynx spiralis and Tetrameres numidae had 0.7% (0.3, 1.7). While for cestodes: Raillietina tetragona 72.8% (69.1, 76.2); Raillietina echinobothrida 67.3% (63.5, 71.0); Raillietina cesticillus 50% (46.0, 54.0); Raillietina magninumida 25.7% (22.3, 29.3); Hymenolopsis cantaniana 17.3% (14.5, 20.6); Davainea nana 4.2% (2.8, 6.1) and the lowest was observed in Choanotaenia infundibulum with 2% (1.2, 3.5). Infection rates did not differ significantly based on sex (P > 0.05). However, the occurrence of mixed infection as compared with single infection was statistically significant in both cestodes and nematodes (P < 0.001). The results obtained indicated high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes among guinea fowls. These birds may serve as important source of helminthes to other commercial birds in the study area.
Prevalence of Emeria species among domesticated pigeons (Columba livia domestica) in Maiduguri Metropolis was investigated. Floatation method was used to concentrate the coccidian oocysts using saturated sucrose solution. Sporulation technique was used to determine the size and morphological characteristics of the oocysts. Overall, 41 (40.6%) out of a total of 101 faecal samples examined were infected. Four parasite species under the genus Eimeria were isolated namely: E. columbae, E. tropicalis, E. columbarum, and E. labbeana; and at prevalence of 36.6%, 6.9%, 5.9% and 5.9% respectively. The difference in prevalence of the parasite species was significant (χ 2 = 76.577, p < 0.0001). Young pigeons were significantly more infected (53.1%) than adults (28.2%) (p < 0.05). E. tropicalis oocysts had the largest size (21.5µm by 20.5µm) followed by E. labbeana oocyst (16.5µm by 15.0µm). E. columbae had the longest sporulation time of 96 hours while E. labbeana had the shortest, 24 hours. This study provides information on the prevalence and veterinary significance of Eimeria oocysts of pigeons in Maiduguri Metropolis.
2015
A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of helminth parasites of Helmeted Guinea fowls slaughtered in Maiduguri Monday market. A total of 100 birds comprising 46 males and 54 females were examined and their gastro - intestinal tracts collected and examined at post-mortem for helminth parasites. An overall prevalence of 88% representing 63% cestode and 25% nematode infection rates were recorded (P<0.05). Females had a significantly (P<0.05) higher infection rates (79.6%) compared with males (60.9%). Females harboured more helminth parasites compared with the males. Three species each for cestodes and nematodes were isolated and identified. Of these, Choanotaenia infundibulum had the highest prevalence (50%) in female birds and Raillietina echinobothrida (39.1%) in males followed by Raillietina tetragona with 34.8% and 31.5% in male and female birds respectively. While Heterakis gallinarum recorded the highest infection rate in both males (13%) and female birds (20.4...
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Birds in Zoological Gardenof University of Ilorin
Egyptian Journal of Animal Production, 2022
Infection with gastrointestinal parasites is a major health issue in captive birds; prevalence data of gastrointestinal parasites of birds in Zoological gardens in Nigeria are limited. This study was carried out to determine the gastrointestinal parasite kept at University of Ilorin Zoological garden. A total of 21 fecal samples from 9 birds were examined using fecal sedimentation technique. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found to be 71.4%, with the highest prevalence of infection recorded in Ostrich, Crowned crane and African fish eagle (100% each), followed by domestic pigeon and White-faced whistling duck. While Marabou stock, White peafowl and Emu were the least with 50.0% each. The distribution of gastrointestinal parasites in the study area revealed a total of four species of parasites which includes two protozoans (Coccidian and Eimeria spp.) and two nematodes (Capillariaspp and Ascaris spp.) The intensity of gastrointestinal parasites of birds in the study area revealed that Ascaridiagalli recorded the highest intensity of 358 epg, followed by Capillariaspp with 104 epg while Eimeriaoocysts recorded the least intensity of 70 epg. The study concludes that the birds at the University of Ilorin Zoological garden harbor parasites which are of great importance to their health and also that of the staff and visitors in the zoo because most of the fecal samples examined did not show any obvious clinical signs.
EAS Journal of Parasitology and Infectious Diseases
Coccidiosis is an important enteric parasitic protozoan disease of poultry. The disease is usually associated with high economic losses to poultry farmers worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis, identify the species of circulating Eimeria species, determine the prevalence of Eimeria in respect to breed and gender and determine the deviation of infected birds from normal range of birds slaughtered in Lafia modern market, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Out of the 204 examined chickens, 36.3% (74/204) of them harbored different Eimeria species. A total of 32.6% (44/74) male and 43.5 (30/74) female were infected. Statistically, no significant difference p>0.05 (χ2=1.559, p=0.2118) was noted between the male and female. Among the local breed, 40.2% (49/74) was infected and for the broilers, 30.5% (25/74) was positive for coccidial infection. Again, there was no statistically significant difference p>0.05 (χ2=1.324, p=0.25) between the local and bro...
Coccidiosis of domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica Gmelin, 1789) in Kano State, Nigeria
Annals of parasitology
Pigeon coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp., a protozoan parasite which limits productivity by causing severe illness. Although numerous studies have been conducted on the coccidiosis of pigeons in some parts of Nigeria, there is no published data from Kano State. The intestinal contents of 144 pigeons (72 females and 72 males) were analysed for Eimeria oocysts in 2007 from 12 Local Government Areas of Kano State over the period of six months including the dry (February–April) and wet (June–August) seasons. The pigeons were divided into three groups according to age: squabs (0–4 weeks), squeakers (5–8 weeks) and youngsters (9+ weeks); each group including 48 pigeons. The results of these studies revealed an overall prevalence of 19.44%. The prevalence was higher in females (20.83%) than males (18.06%) (p<0.05). Furthermore, squabs had the highest prevalence (27.08%) followed by squeakers (20.83%), and youngsters (10.42%) (p<0.05). Infection with Eimeria spp. oocysts was highe...
The world's poultry population is on the ascendency as a result of the high demand for poultry product by consumers. In Africa, poultry meat is estimated to represent almost 25% of all meat, whereas in some areas it covers 100% of the animal protein available. The high demand for poultry products has led to an increase in poultry production in almost all African countries including Ghana, with the domestic chicken being the most kept. The sector has been reported to have recorded a drop in production, partly due to infection of birds by diseases, causing organisms including parasites. The study conducted was to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in local and exotic breeds of chickens in Pankrono-Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Two hundred (200) cloacae of slaughtered birds were collected from slaughtering units in the study area and the faecal samples were examined for the eggs/cysts of gastrointestinal parasites using the simple flotation technique and microscopy. Nematodes and cestodes were recovered in 131 (65.5%) of the samples examined with Ascaridia galli recorded as the most prevalent. Some of the nematodes include Ascaridia galli 65 (32.5%), Heterakis gallinarum 38 (19.0%), and Capillaria spp. 29 (14.5%). Some cestodes were Raillietina spp. 19(9.5%) and Choanotaenia infundibulum 5 (2.5%) with Prosthogonimus spp. 3 (1.5%) being the only trematode recovered. The local breeds recorded a percentage prevalence of 76.0%, making them the most susceptible breed to gastrointestinal parasites. The results obtained attest to the reason behind the reduction in poultry production. It is therefore recommended that farmers are educated on farm managerial practices that will reduce the risk of infection and help increase production to meet the demand of consumers.
Gastrointestinal parasites of different avian species in Ilorin, North Central, Nigeria
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research, 2019
The current study aimed to determine the prevalence, infection burden, and risk factors associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in different avian species in Ilorin, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Ilorin, involving 597 fecal samples and GI tracts from a variety of sold and slaughtered avian species. The study was conducted between September 2017 and February 2018. Fecal samples were examined using floatation technique, while the GI tracts were examined for gross helminths and its content were subjected to the direct wet mount examination. Data were analyzed using percentages (descriptive) and the Chi-square (χ 2) test (inferential). p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analysis. Results: Ten GI parasites were detected with Eimeria species (32.83%), Ascaridia galli (30.15%) and Heterakis gallinarum (24.79%) as the most prevalent ones. Multiple parasites co-infection was recorded in all the avian species: broilers (77.78%), layers (33.33%), cockerels (45.16%), indigenous chickens (17.91%), ducks (69.70%), pigeons (94.12%), turkeys (47.83%), and guinea fowls (77.36%). Pigeons (100.00%) and turkeys (95.65%) were the most infected avian species. Age, sex, and avian types were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of GI parasites infection. Conclusion: This study gives a reflection of the GI parasites fauna of avian species in Nigeria. The GI parasites are endemic among different avian species in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria. Knowledge on the epidemiology of these parasites is important in instituting a good preventive and control measures against GI parasites, so as to have maximum production and reproduction effects in the poultry industry.
Prevalence of coccidiosis in chickens at three poultry farms at Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Nigerian Journal of Parasitology, 2016
Coccidiosis is an intestinal disease of birds caused by a microscopic protozoan which lives and multiplies in the intestinal tract and causes damage to tissues, and eventually death. This study was carried out in three poultry farms in Minna, Niger State and among birds of ages 2 to 4 weeks and 6 weeks and above. Faecal samples were examined using the sedimentation technique. Out of 200 samples analyzed, 56 (28%) were positive for Eimeria species infection. In farm A, out of the 67 samples analyzed, 20 (29.85%) were infected. While an infection rate of 18 (27.30%) out of 65 and 18 (26.90%) out of 68 samples were infected for Farm B and C respectively. Based on age differences, Eimeria species were detected in 35 (34.65%) out of 101 young birds and 21 (21.21%) for adult birds out of the 99 samples analyzed. In Farm A 10 (30.30%) out of 33 samples were detected in young birds and 10 (29.41%) out of 34 samples in adult birds. In Farms B and C, 12 (36.36%) out of 33 and 6 (18.75%) out of 32; 13 (37.14%) out of 35 and 5 (15.15%) out of 33 samples were detected for Eimeria species for young and old birds respectively. There was a slightly higher prevalence rate among the farms and the various ages of the birds which was not significantly different at (p>0.05). The result of this study showed that the prevalence of infection was low in the 3 farms examined, and increased among the younger birds within the ages of 2 to 4 weeks old. The prescence of Eimeria species in farms could cause great economic losses in birds production. Therefore, farmers are encouraged to ensure adequate bio-security by avoiding wet litter which could encourage oocyst sporulation, and reduce the stocking density of birds.