Phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentials of mahogany family (original) (raw)
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An Assessment of the Phytochemical Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Tree Species
Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany, 2023
Currently, more people are becoming aware of the value of medicinal plants also. Compared to other medications, drugs made from plants are readily available, affordable, safe, and have few to no adverse effects. In the present study, we investigate the phytochemical screening and enumerate the antimicrobial activity of the selected tree species of Sapindus emarginatus, Murraya koenigii, Mangifera indica, Sterculia fodita, and Tamaridus indica. The plant extracts were prepared by using acetone solvent. The extracts have been employed for investigating bioactive substances. The leaf extract of acetone solvent was used to test the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp and Mucor sp, Aspergillus niger by agar well diffusion method using different concentrations. Antimicrobial activity was significantly increased due to the presence of secondary metabolites that inhibit pathogenic microbial growth. This study can be helpful in providing evidence to support the tree species and act as traditional medicinal plants in future.
South African Journal of Botany, 2020
Species of the family Meliaceae in traditional medicine are well documented. This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy and toxicity of aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane leaf and bark extracts of South African Meliaceae against selected pathogens. The species sampled represent four of the seven indigenous genera and seven of the 14 indigenous species. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the micro-plate dilution assay and the toxicity potential was determined using the brine shrimp lethality assay. About 69% of the extracts investigated showed moderate (0.25-0.50 mg/ml) activities against the oral pathogens (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175 and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25,586) tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. mutans was recorded as the most susceptible pathogens to the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts from Ekebergia pterophylla, Nymania capensis and Turraea obtusifolia (here documented for the first time) demonstrated varied activity depending on the pathogen. The aqueous extracts showed no antimicrobial activity with some exceptions against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25,175), where Ekebergia capensis and Trichilia dregeana exhibited noteworthy activity (0.13 mg/ml). In the brine shrimp assay, all DCM extracts of the studied parts of the plant species demonstrated minimal to no toxicity levels. The results obtained have lent credence to folkloric usage of some of the South African species of Meliaceae for anti-infective purposes including traditional uses against oral pathogens.
A comprehensive review on Meliaceae family
The study deals with review on Medicinal plant family- Meliaceae. This is also called as Mahogany family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs. Present Review covers 25 important genus and important species in respective genus. Trees of the genus Swietenia and Entandrophragma, commonly called mahogany, and of the genus Cedrela (especially the cigar-box cedar, C. odorata) are economically important timber trees. A few members of Meliaceae have edible fruits. Lansium domesticum (langsat) and Sandoricum koetjape (santol) are popular species. The principal chemical constituents are limonoids and terpenoids as major. Besides this alkaloids flavanoids, coumarins, chromones, lignans and phenolic compounds are also present in major quantity. The drugs of this family majorly used as cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity, insect anti-feedant anti-malarial activity. Key Words: Meliaceae, cytotoxic, Azadirachta indica, limonoids, Mahogany.
Journal of Chemistry, 2021
The plants of Meliaceae are native to tropical and subtropical regions as the Americas, west India, Southeast Asia, and Southern China. Many species of the genera Khaya, Swietenia, Aphanamixis, and Melia in this family are known as medicinal plants and have biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifeeding, insecticidal, and cytotoxic properties. The objectives of this research are to characterize and evaluate the bioactive limonoids from several plants of Meliaceae against phytopathogenic fungi. During the search of antifungal compounds from the plants of Meliaceae, the three methanol extracts of Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla were found to suppress the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. Nine limonoids isolated from M. dubia (1–2), A. polystachya (3–5), and S. macrophylla (6–9) were evaluated, for the first time, their antifungal effectiveness against nine phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae,...
European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 2020
The perception of normal medicine is changing, and the use of traditional or herbal medicine increasing worldwide due to our harmonious nature of the biological system. Many parts of the plants possess an impressive array of medicinal benefits, mahogany seed is one of them. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic activity of organic extracts of mahogany seeds. For determination of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity disk diffusion and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were used. DPPH free radical test were performed for evaluation of antioxidant activity. Ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts were examined with the total number of 10 bacterial strain. Here, ethanol extract showed higher antimicrobial activity than n-hexane and aqueous extract for both gram positive and negative bacteria. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay LC50 values were 82 μg/ml, 95 μg/ml and 93 μg/ml for ethanol, n-hexane and aqueous extracts respectively. The scavenging...
POTENTIAL ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF SELECTED PRIORITY MEDICINAL TREES
Medicinal trees; Warburgia salutaris, Zanthoxylum chalybeum, Cassia abbreviata, and Zahna africana for long have been considered important sources of antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant for medical importance by natives of Tanzania. The primary objective of this study was to assess and document the bioactive ingredient/ compounds found in prioritized medicinal plant species that are commonly used in Tanzania. A systematic review utilizing meta-analysis approach was used to obtain pertinent information based on the selected medicinal trees. Reasonable amount of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, terpenes, volatile oils and organic acids were commonly reported by reviewed studies. Z. chalybeum possessed phytochemical compounds alkaloids that combat malaria and microorganism infections. The terpenes and phenolics in W. salutaris were sufficiently reported and the tree was used as an antimalarial, anti-fungal and anti-bacterial, and being tested for anti-viral activity. C. abbreviata (long pod cassia) had less reported information on the presence of phytochemicals. The cassinidin A and B, and tannin in C. abbreviata functioned as malaria parasite cytological inhibitors, and acted against bacterial and fungal infections. Compounds in Z. africana were found as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacteria and anti-fungi. The secondary compounds zanha saponins were less reported for their anti-malaria active function.
Three bacterial isolates were identified from infected potato tubers showing soft and blackleg like symptoms as well as one isolate from infected pear tree showing crown gall symptom. Conventional and molecular identification proved that bacterial isolates belonging to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Dickeya solani and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The above plant bacterial isolates and human pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Sarcina lutea, and Staphylococcus aureus were used for the bioassay. The chloroform leaf extracts from Duranta plumieri variegata, Lantana camara, and Citharexylum spinosum were assayed for their antibacterial activity by measuring the inhibition zones and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The suggested chemical compositions of extracts were analyzed using GC/MS apparatus. The main compounds in leaf extract of L. camara were 5,8-diethyl-dodecane, pyrimidin-2-one, 4-[N-methylureido]-1-[4-methylaminocarbonyloxymethyl, oleic acid,3-(octadecyloxy)propyl ester; in D. plumieri were 4,7-dimethoxy-2-methylindan-1-one and 5-(hexadecyloxy)-2-pentadecyl-,trans-1,3-dioxane; and in C. spinosum were N-[5-(3-hy-droxy-2-methylpropenyl)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[cd]indol-3-yl]-N-methylacetamide. Promising activity was found against A. tumefaciens, E. coli, P. carotovorum, Sar. lutea, and Staph. aureus with MIC values of 8, 128, 64, 500 and 500 μg/mL, respectively, as L. camara leaf extract was applied. D. plumieri leaf extract showed good activity against D. solani and P. atrosepticum with MIC values of 16 μg/mL and 128 μg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, weak bioactivity was found with leaf extract from C. spinosum. It could be concluded that leaf extracts from D. plumieri and L. camara have a promising antibacterial agents.
Antifungal activity of limonoids from Khaya ivorensis
Pest management …, 2005
Chemical investigation of the diethyl ether extract of the stem bark of Khaya ivorensis A Chev (Meliaceae) afforded ten limonoids of angolensates, ring D-opened limonoids and mexicanolides. The structures of the limonoids isolated were determined by comparison of their 1 H and 13 C NMR data with those reported in the literature. These compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. Methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate and 3,7-dideacetylkhivorin were also tested for their antifungal and antibacterial activities on several fungal and bacterial species. Methyl angolensate and 1,3,7-trideacetylkhivorin displayed the highest antifungal activity against B cinerea, with respectively 62.8 and 64.0% mycelial growth inhibition at 1000 mg litre −1 , and 73.3 and 68.6% mycelial growth inhibition at 1500 mg litre −1 . 3,7-Dideacetylkhivorin showed stronger antifungal and antibacterial activities than methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate against all of the test fungi and bacteria except Penicillium expansum Link. This is the first report on the antifungal and antibacterial effects of these limonoids. Structure-antifungal activity relationships of the limonoids isolated are discussed.