Khat (Catha edulis) upregulates lipolytic genes in white adipose tissue of male obese mice (C57BL/6J) (original) (raw)
Related papers
Khat (<b><i>Catha edulis</i></b>) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016
relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cathinone produces changes in terms of weight, fat mass, appetite, lipid biochemistry and hormonal levels. These changes are more pronounced at higher doses and long durations of intervention. The most suggested mechanism of these changes is the central action that produces changes in the physiology of dopamine and serotonin. Nonetheless, there are a number of variations in the study design, including species, doses and durations of intervention, which makes it difficult to arrive at a final conclusion about khat regarding obesity, and further studies are necessary in the future to overcome these limitations.
Khat (Catha edulis) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016
Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant that is deeply rooted in the cultural life of East African and Southwestern Arabian populations. Prevalent traditional beliefs about khat are that the plant has an effect on appetite and body weight. Summary: This review assesses the accumulated evidences on the mutual influence of monoamines, hormones and neuropeptides that are linked to obesity. A few anti-obesity drugs that exert their mechanisms of action through monoamines are briefly discussed to support the notion of monoamines being a critical target of drug discovery for new anti-obesity drugs. Subsequently, the review provides a comprehensive overview of central dopamine and serotonin changes that are associated with the use of khat or its alkaloids. Then, all the studies on khat that describe physical, biochemical and hormonal changes are summarised and discussed in depth. Conclusion: The reviewed studies provide relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cath...
Systematic Review Khat ( Catha edulis ) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies
relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cathinone produces changes in terms of weight, fat mass, appetite, lipid biochemistry and hormonal levels. These changes are more pronounced at higher doses and long durations of intervention. The most suggested mechanism of these changes is the central action that produces changes in the physiology of dopamine and serotonin. Nonetheless, there are a number of variations in the study design, including species, doses and durations of intervention, which makes it difficult to arrive at a final conclusion about khat regarding obesity, and further studies are necessary in the future to overcome these limitations.
Khat (Catha edulis) and Obesity: A Scoping Review of Animal and Human Studies
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2016
Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a plant that is deeply rooted in the cultural life of East African and Southwestern Arabian populations. Prevalent traditional beliefs about khat are that the plant has an effect on appetite and body weight. Summary: This review assesses the accumulated evidences on the mutual influence of monoamines, hormones and neuropeptides that are linked to obesity. A few anti-obesity drugs that exert their mechanisms of action through monoamines are briefly discussed to support the notion of monoamines being a critical target of drug discovery for new anti-obesity drugs. Subsequently, the review provides a comprehensive overview of central dopamine and serotonin changes that are associated with the use of khat or its alkaloids. Then, all the studies on khat that describe physical, biochemical and hormonal changes are summarised and discussed in depth. Conclusion: The reviewed studies provide relatively acceptable evidence that different khat extracts or cath...
American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2015
People widely chew khat, particularly in East Africa, for different purposes but there is no consistent data showing its effect on anorexia and weight. This study was made to add to the existing body of knowledge about khat and its effect on weight. A total of 50 albino mice, 6-8 weeks old, were administered orally with a single daily dose of khat extract for 30 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups. The first group served as controls and was administered with 0.5 ml 3% Tween 80 in water. Group two (K100), three (K200) and four (K300) were administered 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg khat extract, respectively. The effect of crude khat extract on weight was measured and analyzed using One-way ANOVA. The result showed that acute administration of crude khat extract at doses used did have a significant effect on weight on all the three groups (khat administered) (p< 0.01) but there was no significant weight difference among the three groups. After the fourth days, this weight decrea...
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
Chewing khat (Catha edulis) releases cathine and cathinone, which may reduce appetite through an unknown mechanism. This study investigated the peripheral and central effects of fresh leaves and buds of C. edulis water extract (CEWE) on appetite and body weight, using in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico models. Rats of both sexes were used for three different experiments. Serotonin receptors were studied using isolated rat fundus samples and molecular docking. Signi cant differences in body weight were observed in the CEWE-treated groups compared with the controls over eight weeks. However, plasma leptin and ghrelin levels did not change signi cantly. The expression of the ghrelin and leptin genes was also unaffected, but the expression of the 5-HT gene decreased with CEWE treatment. CEWE antagonizes 5-HT receptors in isolated rat fundus samples. In silico docking indicated that the khat ligands inhibited 5-HT2C receptors. Cathine and cathinone levels in rat plasma were measured. These ndings suggest that the appetite-suppressing role of khat can be attributed to its antagonistic effect on 5-HT receptors. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action of the khat extract. These ndings provide a basis for future studies to validate and expand on these discoveries. 2.1 Materials and reagents All solvents, reagents, and chemicals used in this study were analytical grade. Amphetamine, cathine, and cathinone reference standards were obtained from Lipomed (Al-Ashban Trading, Kingdom of KSA). Ethanol, chloroform, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, glucose, ammonium formate buffer, formic acid, and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Thermo
Nutrition Research, 2017
Seaweeds are considered a potential source of anti-obesity agents. Because Caulerpa, a seaweed, has been consumed for food in Japan, China, South Korea, and Australia, we hypothesized that Caulerpa okamurae may have anti-obesity effects in an animal model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Herein, we found that the ethanolic extract of C. okamurae (COE) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and reduced the expression of the master regulator of adipogenesis, PPAR-γ, SREBP1-c, and C/EBPα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, COE significantly decreased body weight, fat weight, and liver weight in HFD-fed mice. This effect is comparable to that of positive control Garcinia cambogia extract (GCE) which has been approved by the Korean Food and Drug Administration as a weight loss food supplement in South Korea. Similarly, markers of weight gain such as free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, and insulin in the plasma and FFA, TG, TC, and total lipid in the liver are significantly reduced in COE-treated HFD-fed mice. We found significantly reduced PPAR-γ, C/EBPα, FAS, SREBP1-c, CD36, and ACC in the adipose tissue of COEtreated HFD-fed mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that COE is effective in preventing body weight (BW) gain and fat accumulation and reduces plasma and hepatic lipid profiles. Together, these findings suggest that C. okamurae may be used as a possible treatment option for the management of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
PloS one, 2015
The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel formulation of an herbal extract, KBH-1, has an inhibitory effect on obesity. To determine its anti-obesity effects and its underlying mechanism, we performed anti-obesity-related experiments in vitro and in vivo. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were analyzed for lipid accumulation as well as the protein and gene expression of molecular targets involved in fatty acid synthesis. To determine whether KBH-1 oral administration results in a reduction in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we examined five groups (n = 9) of C57BL/6 mice as follows: 10% kcal fat diet-fed mice (ND), 60% kcal fat diet-fed mice (HFD), HFD-fed mice treated with orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin, marketed under the trade name Xenical), HFD-fed mice treated with 150 mg/kg KBH-1 (KBH-1 150) and HFD-fed mice treated with 300 mg/kg KBH-1 (KBH-1 300). During adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells in vitro, KBH-1 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and down-regulated the express...
2018
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbal product (HP) on the body weight reduction and lipid profile improvement in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) at 30.48 ± 0.62 mg GAE/g and 156.52 ± 3.13 mg QE/g, respectively. It also showed the highest antioxidant capabilities to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at IC 50 = 0.03 ± 0.00 mg/mL, nitric oxide (NO) at IC 50 = 1.00 ± 0.05 mg/mL and superoxide at IC 50 = 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/mL and reduce ferric ions at 109.27 ± 3.35 μmol Fe 2+ /g. However, the EAF showed low capability in chelating metal (< 50%). The oral acute toxicity test of the HP extract at a single dose of 5 g/kg body weight of rat showed no mortality and no toxic effect on SD rats. The body weight of HFD rats after two weeks treatment with water extract (WE), simvastatin and EAF was significantly reduced by 4.79%, 6.18% and 6.64%, respectively (p < 0.05). The body mass index (BMI) of the HFD rats after two weeks treatment with WE, simvastatin and EAF was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The treatment of HFD rats with EAF also led to significant reductions on triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with a positive elevation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to WE and simvastatin. In conclusion, the results showed that the EAF had better potential for body weight reduction and lipid profile improvement in HFD rats than WE and simvastatin.