The Integration of Digital Technologies in the European Union based on the DESI Index (original) (raw)

Developing Digital Economy and Society in the Light of the Issue of Digital Convergence of the Markets in the European Union Countries

Energies

The main objective of the paper is to present the development of digital economy and society in the Countries of the European Union in the light of the digital convergence of these markets. The analysis was based on the data on the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) from 2015 and 2020. Empirical studies have been conducted in two stages. First, basic measures of time series dynamics were used to determine the dynamics of changes in index values. On the other hand, in order to classify countries in terms of similarity of value and structure of the DESI, a cluster analysis was used as one of the basic methods of the so-called unsupervised statistical grouping. The studies presented confirm that the levels of indicators and the dynamics of changes in their value at the level of the synthetic DESI indicator, and in the five underlying areas of analysis, vary despite the fact that almost all are pro-growth, including for isolated clusters of EU-28 countries. When analyzing the DESI...

What the overall Digital Economy and Society Index reveals: A statistical analysis of the DESI EU28 dimensions

Regional Statistics

We build on the argument that measurement of digitalization is essential for effective public policy strategies in order to to govern digital transition. Developing this argument, we investigate the five principal dimensions of the European Commission´s Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) using a series of multivariate statistics. The analysis can be divided into three groups. First, we analyse the linear relationships between dimensions by correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. In the partial correlation analysis, causal relationships between the dimensions show high correlations. Second, we assign countries into groups with cluster analysis and multi-dimensional scaling. The groups obtained by the two methods are very similar. Finally, we rank the European Union (EU) countries using statistical methods and compare with the results obtained with the overall DESI index. The correlation between the two rankings shows a strong linear relationship. Based on these results we draw conclusions on how to effectively use the DESI data for public policy analysis.

QUANTIFYING THE DIGITALISATION IMPACT ON THE EU ECONOMY. CASE STUDY: GERMANY AND SWEDEN VS. ROMANIA AND GREECE

Amfiteatru Economic, 2022

The digital economy is an alternative to the traditional economy, an area of the future on which investment and R&D efforts are focused both by European forums and by Member States, which have understood the importance of the domain with the onset of the pandemic crisis. The aim of the research is to analyze and predict, on the one hand, the impact of digitalisation on EU Member States' economies by means of the three scenarios for the evolution of the digital component of the economy for the horizon 2025 (the baseline scenario, the high growth scenario and the challenge scenario), and, on the other hand, the Member States' ability to achieve the targets proposed by these scenarios. The analysis covers the period 2013-2025 and quantifies the dynamics of the digitalisation phenomena and processes based on dedicated statistical analyses (frequency series analysis, application of the unicriterion critical probability test, application of the Enter method, performing Pearson correlation tests) by means of the IBM-SPSS 25 software. The purpose of this research is the provision of relevant solutions to decision makers in the development of digitalisation. The study highlighted the placing of the results in favourable scenarios, the current trend regarding digital economy evolution, and presented the most likely scenario to be achieved in terms of knowing the provider offer and the needs of service users. The topicality of the study targets a new approach on the foundations of financial allocations for the sustainable development of the digital economy needed in the current conditions of the global crisis and of the pandemic for the implementation of digital economy development policies. A novelty of this research is the conceptualization, validation and testing of an econometric model capable of quantifying the realism of the scenarios proposed by the European Union regarding the development of the digital economy.

ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) THROUGH A CLUSTER ANALYSIS

Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021

This study has two main goals. The first one aims to determine how the European Union countries are clustered according to The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020 data. The second one aims to determine whether there is a similarity between the DESI cluster of the European Union countries and the social welfare regime classification. METHODS: In the research, the cluster method was used in accordance with DESI 2020 data. RESULTS: Technological and digital investments and initiatives of countries have clustered the European Union countries in 4 different groups. The countries clustered according to DESI data are shaped for investments and spending for digitalization within the scope of sub-dimensions of DESI. In this context, the welfare regimes applied by the countries affect the spending for digitalization. CONCLUSIONS: According to The Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) 2020 data has proved that there is a similarity between the classification of the European Union countries according to their welfare regimes and digitalization.

Digital Performance in EU Member States in the Context of the Transition to a Climate Neutral Economy

Sustainability, 2022

The climate-neutral economy is today, more than ever, the priority issue for all governmental and non-governmental bodies, directly and indirectly involved in the ambitious and responsible process of society’s transition to the green economy. To be or not to be sustainable today is no longer an option, but an urgent necessity. Based on these considerations, our research aims to add to the knowledge on the digital performance of the Member States in the context of the transition to a climate neutral economy, by analyzing the mutations that have occurred in the digital performance of the EU countries in the period 2015–2020, as well as forecasting developments for the year 2025. In order to obtain a relevant result, we used the components of the DESI index, published by the European Commission, and the variables were processed through hierarchical cluster analysis. The results demonstrate that, around the core formed in 2015 by four high digitally performing countries from the North o...

Is Europe prepared to go digital? making the case for developing digital capacity: An exploratory analysis of Eurostat survey data

PLOS Digital Health, 2022

Digital divides are globally recognised as a wicked problem that threatens to become the new face of inequality. They are formed by discrepancies in Internet access, digital skills, and tangible outcomes (e.g. health, economic) between populations. Previous studies indicate that Europe has an average Internet access rate of 90%, yet rarely specify for different demographics and do not report on the presence of digital skills. This exploratory analysis used the 2019 community survey on ICT usage in households and by individuals from Euro- stat, which is a sample of 147,531 households and 197,631 individuals aged 16-74. The cross-country comparative analysis includes EEA and Switzerland. Data were collected between January and August 2019 and analysed between April and May 2021. Large differences in Internet access were observed (75-98%), especially between North-Western (94- 98%) and South-Eastern Europe (75-87%). Young populations, high education levels, employment, and living in an urban environment appear to positively influence the development of higher digital skills. The cross-country analysis exhibits a positive correlation between high capital stock and income/earnings, and the digital skills development while showing that the internet-access price bears marginal influence over digital literacy levels. The findings suggest Europe is currently unable to host a sustainable digital society without exacerbating cross-country inequalities due to substantial differences in internet access and digital literacy. Investment in building digital capacity in the general population should be the primary objective of European countries to ensure they can benefit optimally, equitably, and sustainably from the advancements of the Digital Era.

DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX -FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HUNGARY

Curentul Juridic, 2023

The study was published in Curentul Juridic (2023) vol. 26. no. 1. pp. 21-34. Digitization in the European Union is a key, important policy aiming to build the digital economy and society in the European Union, which requires a complex legal relationship between the EU and the Member States. This is one of the reasons why membership of the European Union entails many rights and obligations for our country. One such obligation is that the Union develops a set of indicators from data provided by Member States. With these indicators the Union can compare the Member States' performance in different (economic) areas. One of these is Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) which is a complex indicator that summerizes relevant indicators of the Union's digital performance and monitor the development of EU Member States' digital competitiveness. In the present study we examine the performance of Hungary in the European Union in recent years through the DESI indicators.